Urinary tract infection and antibiotic use around ureteral stent insertion for urolithiasis

Abstract Background and Aims Ureteral stent insertion is nowadays a common practice in kidney transplantation, leading to a dramatic reduction of surgical issues. On the other hands, urinary tract infections are the most common complication in the first months after transplant. Main scope of our study was to analyze the incidence of stent colonization and its impact on the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the first six months after transplantation Method Prospective observational study including 23 consecutively recruited patients at one single center. Patients with a previous history of surgical intervention on urinary tract before transplant were excluded. Pigtail stents were removed as for local protocol between 3 and 4 weeks after transplantation in aseptic condition and were cut in a half (proximal and distal) and analyzed separately. Stent colonization were detected by sonication method. Urine culture timing are depicted in Figure 1. In case of clinical symptoms, extra urine cultive were performed as for clinical practice. Patient were followed for 6 months, and results of stent colonization were blinded to clinicians. Results Table 1 shows main characteristic of our cohort. Conclusion

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Cranberry Extract for Symptoms of Acute, Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Oghenekome A. Gbinigie ◽

Elizabeth A. Spencer ◽

Carl J. Heneghan ◽

Joseph J. Lee ◽

Christopher C. Butler

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Cranberry Juice

Background: Effective alternatives to antibiotics for alleviating symptoms of acute infections may be appealing to patients and enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Cranberry-based products are already in wide use for symptoms of acute urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this review was to identify and critically appraise the supporting evidence. Methods: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Searches were conducted of Medline, Embase, Amed, Cinahl, The Cochrane library, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies evaluating the effect of cranberry extract in the management of acute, uncomplicated UTI on symptoms, antibiotic use, microbiological assessment, biochemical assessment and adverse events. Study risk of bias assessments were made using Cochrane criteria. Results: We included three RCTs (n = 688) judged to be at moderate risk of bias. One RCT (n = 309) found that advice to consume cranberry juice had no statistically significant effect on UTI frequency symptoms (mean difference (MD) −0.01 (95% CI: −0.37 to 0.34), p = 0.94)), on UTI symptoms of feeling unwell (MD 0.02 (95% CI: −0.36 to 0.39), p = 0.93)) or on antibiotic use (odds ratio 1.27 (95% CI: 0.47 to 3.43), p = 0.64), when compared with promoting drinking water. One RCT (n = 319) found no symptomatic benefit from combining cranberry juice with immediate antibiotics for an acute UTI, compared with placebo juice combined with immediate antibiotics. In one RCT (n = 60), consumption of cranberry extract capsules was associated with a within-group improvement in urinary symptoms and Escherichia coli load at day 10 compared with baseline (p < 0.01), which was not found in untreated controls (p = 0.72). Two RCTs were under-powered to detect differences between groups for outcomes of interest. There were no serious adverse effects associated with cranberry consumption. Conclusion: The current evidence base for or against the use of cranberry extract in the management of acute, uncomplicated UTIs is inadequate; rigorous trials are needed.

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Characteristics of bacterial colonization and urinary tract infection after indwelling of double-J ureteral stent

Urology ◽

10.1016/s0090-4295(03)00325-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 214-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Sung Hyun Paick ◽

Hyoung Keun Park ◽

Seung-June Oh ◽

Hyeon Hoe Kim

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Ureteral Stent

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Evaluation of ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection by Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23726/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hasan Namaei ◽

Hengameh Hamzei ◽

Marzie Moghanni ◽

Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

M Gene ◽

Esbl Producer ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in the world. E. coli is the predominant Pathogen. This study evaluates the prevalence of ESBL in E. colis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections with phenotypic and genotypic methods.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 155 isolates of E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection who had received the study consent. After accurate identification of E. coli strains. ESBL production for Escherichia coli isolates which are resistant to ceftriaxone or ceftazidime was evaluated by CDT method. TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes were identified by PCR.Results: The results showed that 30 strains from 155 strains of E. coli had ESBL. Strains of ESBL producer were more in males was lower in educated persons. 38.9% of ESBL producer had antibiotic use, 29.9% -producing Escherichia hospitalization and 31.6% uti history. The highest level of drug allergy in the ESBL was related to nitrofurantoin, and the highest resistance was related to cefazolin, co-trimoxazole. The CTX-M and the CTX-M15 gene were found in 92.7% and 57.1% of cases, respectively; also the SHV and TEM genes were not found in any of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains. Most therapeutic response in patients was related to cefexime, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin 27.4%, 26% 21.9%, respectively.Conclusion: This study showed that the history of antibiotic use, hospitalization, uti related to increase of ESBL-producing in E. coli isolates., the CTMX-M gene is the most common gene in ESBL-producing E. coli strains.

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589 Enhancing Care Providers’ CAUTI (Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection) Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes in the Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU) and Burn Special Care (BSC) Environments

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S136-S137

Author(s):

Emily Beckwith ◽

Megan Zynkian

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Quality Of Care ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Special Care ◽

Care Providers ◽

Urinary Catheters ◽

Pain And Suffering

Abstract Introduction CAUTIs, or Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection, are one of the leading causes of healthcare associated infections. Since 2008, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) stopped reimbursing hospital for the cost of CAUTIs, forcing hospitals to modify and improve care provided to patients with indwelling urinary catheters (IUC). They are reportable events to CMS, which can signify the quality of care provided at any medical institution. These infections also cause extra pain and suffering and can complicate any hospital stay. Treatment requires antibiotic use, which helps create and spread antibiotic-resistant organisms with excessive use. Methods BICU and BSC staff were evaluated for knowledge of IUC care, maintenance and policies using a quiz dispersed to RNs. This quiz identified knowledge gaps to help focus on specific topics for training. During Skills Day, all Burn RNs were given a mandatory training, including a PowerPoint presentation, hands-on training performing catheter care, and a handout with quick tips for maintenance. All technical partners (TP) were also trained, though they were not given the quiz. To assess effectiveness of training, RNs were encouraged to take a post-training quiz. Rates of CAUTI will also be closely monitored. Results For the pre-training quiz, average scores were 13.1 correct answers (out of 23 questions) or 56.5%. Post-training quiz scores were 18.5 correct answers (out of 23 questions) or 81%. Since the training in September 2018, no new CAUTIs have been recorded. Conclusions The training provided helped enhance burn staff skills to maintain and care for indwelling urinary catheters, as well as changed attitudes on the unit. Applicability of Research to Practice CAUTIs are a reflection of the quality of care an institution and unit provides its patients. It is also closely monitored and used to compare similar units across the nation. The training provided to the burn staff has shown to decrease the number of CAUTIs in the Burn ICU and Burn Special Care environments, thus decreasing costs, pain and suffering and antibiotic use.

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Evaluation of BacterioScan 216Dx in Comparison to Urinalysis as a Screening Tool for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00571-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdaus Hassan ◽

Heather Bushnell ◽

Connie Taggart ◽

Caitlin Gibbs ◽

Steve Hiraki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Tract Infections

ABSTRACTUrinalysis (UA) has routinely been used as a screening tool prior to urine culture set up. BacterioScan 216Dx is an FDA-cleared semiautomated system to detect bacterial growth in urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate 216Dx in comparison to UA for diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Clean-catch, unpreserved urine samples from children aged <18 years were tested by 216Dx, and positive urine samples in media were processed for direct bacterial identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Sensitivity and specificity of 216Dx and urinalysis (UA) were determined against urine culture. Of 287 urine samples obtained from children (median age, 108 months), 44.0% and 56.0% were UA positive and negative, respectively, while 216Dx detected 27% and 73% as positive and negative, respectively. Compared to culture, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 216Dx versus UA were 92.1% versus 97.3%, 82.7% versus 63.8%, 44.8% versus 29.1%, and 98.6% versus 99.3%, respectively. Among 216Dx true-positive (TP) samples (n= 35), 77.0% were successfully identified directly from broth by MALDI-TOF. Among urine samples that were identified as contaminated by culture (n= 127; 44%), the 216Dx detected 93 (73.0%) as negative while UA detected 69 (54.0%) as negative. Although the sensitivities of 216Dx and UA are comparable, the specificity of 216Dx was higher than that of UA. The 216Dx can be used as an alternative/adjunct screening tool to UA to rule out urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Compared to culture, the faster turnaround time (3 hours) of 216Dx has the potential to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and improve patient management.

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Controversies in Treating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Based Review of Antibiotic Use in Renal Transplant Patients and its Impact on the Development of Resistance

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s12098-019-03109-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amaresh Vanga ◽

Varun Malhotra ◽

Kathryn Ripley ◽

Nancy Khardori

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Renal Transplant Patients ◽

Case Based

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Predicting the use of antibiotics after initial symptomatic treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection: analyses performed after a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e035074

Author(s):

Ingvild Vik ◽

Ibrahimu Mdala ◽

Marianne Bollestad ◽

Gloria Cristina Cordoba ◽

Lars Bjerrum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo predict antibiotic use after initial treatment with ibuprofen using data from a randomised controlled trial comparing ibuprofen to pivmecillinam in the treatment of women with symptoms of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI).Setting16 sites in a primary care setting in Norway, Sweden and Denmark.ParticipantsData from 181 non-pregnant women aged 18–60 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI, initially treated with ibuprofen.MethodsUsing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model, we conducted analyses to see if baseline information could help us predict which women could be treated with ibuprofen without risking treatment failure and which women should be recommended antibiotics.ResultsOf the 143 women included in the final analysis, 77 (53.8%) recovered without antibiotics and 66 (46.2 %) were subsequently prescribed antibiotics. In the unadjusted binary logistic regression, the number of days with symptoms before inclusion (<3 days) and feeling moderately unwell or worse (≥4 on a scale of 0–6) were significant predictors for subsequent antibiotic use. In the adjusted model, no predictors were significantly associated with subsequent antibiotic use. The area under the curve of the final model was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.74).ConclusionWe did not find any baseline information that significantly predicted the use of antibiotic treatment. Identifying women who need antibiotic treatment to manage their uncomplicated UTI is still challenging. Larger data sets are needed to develop models that are more accurate.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01849926).

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