Radiologist errors by modality, anatomic region, and pathology for 1.6 million exams: what we have learned

Background The potential morbidity and mortality of sphenoid sinus infectious processes are related to their proximity to vital structures within the orbit, such as the cavernous sinus and the brain. Involvement of the posterior orbit can result in superior orbital fissure syndrome, a rare entity affecting structures that cross this anatomic region. Early recognition of this syndrome is mandatory. Delays in adequate treatment may compromise the patient's prognosis. Methods We present two cases of incomplete superior orbital fissure syndrome due to infectious processes of the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Conclusions In our experience, endoscopic decompression of the lamina papyracea shows complete recovery of extrinsic ocular motility in these patients and should be combined with intravenous antibiotic therapy.

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Continuous Arterial Infusion of 5-Fluorouracile in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089166705300507 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 503-514

Author(s):

Bruno Salvadori ◽

Leandro Gennari ◽

Sergio Di Pietro ◽

Umberto Veronesi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Advanced Breast Cancer ◽

Subclavian Artery ◽

Brachial Artery ◽

Internal Mammary Artery ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Advanced Breast ◽

Arterial Infusion ◽

Internal Mammary ◽

Anatomic Region

Fifteen women with advanced breast cancer underwent chemotherapeutical treatment with continuous arterial infusion of 5-Fluorouracile. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 68 years; the patient of 36 had been previously ovariectomized. For cancer of internal or central quadrants of the breast, internal mammary artery was incannulated, while for those of the external ones, the tip of the catheter was led into subclavian artery through an arterotomy of brachial artery. In the cases in which the tumor was extended to the whole breast two vessels were incannulated, namely internal mammary and brachial artery. The drug was administered in a dose of 1 g a day, for a period of time ranging from 2 to 8 days, in 1000 ml of dextrose solution. The results of the treatment are the following: regression of more than 50% in 4 cases; regression of less than 50% in 5 cases; in 5 cases poor or no result was obtained. One woman died after one day of treatment from coma cerebralis. In 7 cases complications were observed, mainly spasm and thrombosis of the arteries and flittenular dermatitis; in 2 cases a decrease of WBC down to 3000/cmm was observed. In our experience, this method of chemotherapy seems to be indicated in a limited number of cases in which the tumor, though locally advanced, is still contained within the limits of the anatomic region. It is also indicated in case of local recurrences of tumors previously operated and expecially in carcinomatous mastitis.

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Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Pterygopalatine Fossa: Anatomic Study

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000044562.73763.00 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Alessandra Alfieri ◽

Hae-Dong Jho ◽

Raffaele Schettino ◽

Manfred Tschabitscher

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Infratemporal Fossa ◽

Lateral View ◽

Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Anatomic Study ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

Arteries And Veins ◽

Anatomic Region

Abstract OBJECTIVE The pterygopalatine fossa is a relatively small anatomic region. Because of its rich vasculonervous contents and its connections with several intracranial and extracranial compartments, it is of particular surgical interest. Because of its deep localization and despite its small size, however, it can require extensive anatomic approaches, especially for invasive cranial base lesions. We performed a cadaveric study through a minimally invasive endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa. METHODS We studied 16 pterygopalatine fossae in eight adult cadaveric heads in which the arteries and veins were injected with latex. For visualization, we used rod-lens endoscopes, 4 mm in diameter and 18 cm in length, with 0-, 30-, 45-, and 70-degree lenses. An endonasal middle meatal transpalatine approach, an endonasal middle meatal transantral approach, and an endonasal inferior turbinectomy transantral approach were used. RESULTS The middle meatal transpalatine approach allows for medial exposure of the pterygopalatine fossa contents, the middle meatal transantral approach allows a lateral view, and the inferior turbinectomy transantral approach allows the widest view and room for surgical maneuvering in the medial and lateral compartments of the pterygopalatine fossa and the infratemporal fossa. CONCLUSION Our anatomic study shows that this approach can be considered a valid minimally invasive option to approach pterygopalatine fossa lesions.

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Pleural pressure increases during inspiration in the zone of apposition of diaphragm to rib cage

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2207 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 2207-2212 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

W. F. Urmey ◽

A. De Troyer ◽

K. B. Kelly ◽

S. H. Loring

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Pressure ◽

Pleural Pressure ◽

Abdominal Pressure ◽

Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Anesthetized Dogs ◽

Theoretical Mechanism ◽

Phrenic Stimulation ◽

Anatomic Region

The zone of apposition of diaphragm to rib cage provides a theoretical mechanism that may, in part, contribute to rib cage expansion during inspiration. Increases in intra-abdominal pressure (Pab) that are generated by diaphragmatic contraction are indirectly applied to the inner rib cage wall in the zone of apposition. We explored this mechanism, with the expectation that pleural pressure in this zone (Pap) would increase during inspiration and that local transdiaphragmatic pressure in this zone (Pdiap) must be different from conventionally determined transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during inspiration. Direct measurements of Pap, as well as measurements of pleural pressure (Ppl) cephalad to the zone of apposition, were made during tidal inspiration, during phrenic stimulation, and during inspiratory efforts in anesthetized dogs. Pab and esophageal pressure (Pes) were measured simultaneously. By measuring Ppl's with cannulas placed through ribs, we found that Pap consistently increased during both maneuvers, whereas Ppl and Pes decreased. Whereas changes in Pdi of up to -19 cmH2O were measured, Pdiap never departed from zero by greater than -4.5 cmH2O. We conclude that there can be marked regional differences in Ppl and Pdi between the zone of apposition and regions cephalad to the zone. Our results support the concept of the zone of apposition as an anatomic region where Pab is transmitted to the interior surface of the lower rib cage.

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Presacral schwannoma. Case description

Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.20883/medical.e9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 264-270

Author(s):

Roman Jankowski ◽

Jeremi Kościński ◽

Bartosz Sokół ◽

Stanisław Malinger ◽

Janusz Szymaś

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Vertebral Column ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Precise Location ◽

Pelvic Organs ◽

Gynecological Examination ◽

Giant Schwannoma ◽

Vascular Structures ◽

Anatomic Region

Schwannomas in the presacral region of vertebral column occur sporadically and are usually diagnosed incidentally during diagnostic procedures applied as a response to nonspecific complaints associated with vertebral column or abdominal cavity. This study focuses not only on the presentation of the case of the patient with giant schwannoma in the retrorectal area, but on the highlighting of the problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of tumours located in this anatomic region as well. The presented case involves a 23-year old woman. The diagnosis of the disease was made during gynecological examination accompanied by ultrasonography of pelvic organs. Neurological examination disclosed no deviations from the normal condition. MR imaging allowed to determine precise location of the tumour and its anatomic relations to pelvic visceral and vascular structures. The patient underwent a successful surgery using laparotomy. Histological examination revealed structures of schwannoma. Surgical radicality and the lack of relapse were confirmed by MR imaging taken five years after the surgery.

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Freehand Versus Grid-Based Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: A Comparison of Anatomic Region Yield and Complications

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1097/ju.0000000000001902 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmet Urkmez ◽

Cihan Demirel ◽

Muammer Altok ◽

Tharakeswara K. Bathala ◽

Daniel D. Shapiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Transperineal Prostate Biopsy ◽

Anatomic Region ◽

Grid Based

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Regional blood flow in RT-9 brain tumors

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1983.58.6.0863 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 863-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ronald G. Blasberg ◽

Peter Molnar ◽

Marc Horowitz ◽

Paul Kornblith ◽

Roger Pleasants ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Regional Blood Flow ◽

Tumor Implantation ◽

Content Type ◽

Carbon 14 ◽

Tumor Periphery ◽

The Brain ◽

Anatomic Region

✓ Regional blood flow (BF) was measured in RT-9 experimental brain tumors using carbon-14 labeled iodoantipyrine, the Kety tissue-exchange equations, and quantitative autoradiographic techniques. Blood flow was variable within tumor tissue, and the range of BF increased with increasing tumor size; the overall range was 6 to 138 ml/100 gm/min and the maximum range within an individual tumor was 55 ml/100 gm/min. In all but one case, mean tumor BF was less than that in the same anatomic region of the contralateral hemisphere (CBA). The magnitude of BF within individual tumor foci generally could be related to tumor size, location (intraparenchymal versus extraparenchymal), and the presence of necrosis or cysts; it was lower in the geometric centers than in the periphery of medium-sized and large tumors. Brain adjacent to tumor had higher BF's than the tumor periphery; generally, the BF in the brain adjacent to the tumor was less than that in the CBA. A global depression of BF was observed within tumor-free cortex and corpus callosum of the hemisphere ipsilateral to tumor implantation and primary growth, suggesting a hemispheric reduction in metabolic and functional activity.

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Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic radiology: a technography study

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-020-07230-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Hosein Rezazade Mehrizi ◽

Peter van Ooijen ◽

Milou Homan

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Body Part ◽

Diagnostic Radiology ◽

Radiology Workflow ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Current State ◽

Key Points ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Anatomic Region ◽

Systematic Framework

Abstract Objectives Why is there a major gap between the promises of AI and its applications in the domain of diagnostic radiology? To answer this question, we systematically review and critically analyze the AI applications in the radiology domain. Methods We systematically analyzed these applications based on their focal modality and anatomic region as well as their stage of development, technical infrastructure, and approval. Results We identified 269 AI applications in the diagnostic radiology domain, offered by 99 companies. We show that AI applications are primarily narrow in terms of tasks, modality, and anatomic region. A majority of the available AI functionalities focus on supporting the “perception” and “reasoning” in the radiology workflow. Conclusions Thereby, we contribute by (1) offering a systematic framework for analyzing and mapping the technological developments in the diagnostic radiology domain, (2) providing empirical evidence regarding the landscape of AI applications, and (3) offering insights into the current state of AI applications. Accordingly, we discuss the potential impacts of AI applications on the radiology work and we highlight future possibilities for developing these applications. Key Points • Many AI applications are introduced to the radiology domain and their number and diversity grow very fast. • Most of the AI applications are narrow in terms of modality, body part, and pathology. • A lot of applications focus on supporting “perception” and “reasoning” tasks.

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Viscoelastic Properties of the P17 and Adult Rat Brain From Indentation in the Coronal Plane

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4025386 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 135 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Benjamin S. Elkin ◽

Barclay Morrison

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Time Scales ◽

Relaxation Modulus ◽

Coronal Plane ◽

Finite Sample ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Adult Rat Brain ◽

Shear Relaxation ◽

Anatomic Region

This technical brief serves as an update to our previous work characterizing the region-dependence of viscoelastic mechanical properties of the P17 and adult rat brain in the coronal plane (Elkin et al., 2011, “A Detailed Viscoelastic Characterization of the P17 and Adult Rat Brain,” J. Neurotrauma, 28, pp. 2235–2244.). Here, modifications to the microindentation device provided for the reliable measurement of load during the ramp portion of load relaxation microindentation tests. In addition, a correction factor for finite sample thickness was incorporated to more accurately assess the intrinsic mechanical properties of the tissue.The shear relaxation modulus was significantly dependent on the anatomic region and developmental age, with a general increase in stiffness with age and increased stiffness in the hippocampal and cortical regions compared with the white matter and cerebellar regions of the brain. The shear modulus ranged from ∼0.2 kPa to ∼2.6 kPa depending on region, age, and time scale. Best-fit Prony series parameters from least squares fitting to the indentation data from each region are reported, which describe the shear relaxation behavior for each anatomic region within each age group at both short (<10 ms) and long (∼20 s) time scales. These data will be useful for improving the biofidelity of finite element models of rat brain deformation at short time scales, such as models of traumatic brain injury.

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