scholarly journals Students home alone—profiles of internal and external conditions associated with mathematics learning from home

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah I. Hofer ◽  
Frank Reinhold ◽  
Marco Koch
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
External Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Home Learning ◽  
Learning Conditions

AbstractsThis study aims at describing differences in internal and external resources of students to handle mathematics learning from home. Based on data from N = 223 7th-grade secondary school students gathered via an online survey at the end of the first school year during the COVID-19 pandemic, we used latent profile analysis to identify student profiles defined by the internal factors perceived value and success of students’ math learning from home and the external factors family support and teacher support—all specifically related to home learning. A number of general learning conditions, comprising internal (e.g., sustained attention) and external factors (e.g., socioeconomic status), are included as outcome variables. The best-fitting four-profile solution suggests one profile with comparably unfavorable internal and external resources. About 35% of the students are assigned to that profile. The other three profiles show combinations of, relative to the sample, more and less promising specific home learning and general learning conditions suggesting that these students have different resources available in the face of learning mathematics from home.

scholarly journals Latent Profile Analysis of Perceptions and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 in a Sample of Chinese People

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Niu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Hongying Li ◽  
Songli Mei ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease has spread quickly throughout China and around the world, endangering human health and life. Individuals' perceptions and attitudes as well as related health education measures may affect disease progression and prognosis during the COVID-19 outbreak. To promote and implement health education, research must focus on the perceptions and attitudes towards COVID-19 among Chinese people. The present study aimed to examine the profiles and predictive factors of the perceptions and attitudes towards COVID-19 in a sample of Chinese people.Methods: A sample of 2,663 Chinese people comprising medical staff and members of the general public completed an online survey on Wenjuanxing. The survey measured demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, education level, and place of residence) and perceptions and attitudes towards COVID-19.Results: Two profiles of perceptions and attitudes towards COVID-19 (positive and negative perceptions and attitudes) were identified in the sample. Place of residence during the COVID-19 pandemic and first response to COVID-19 were found to be independent predictive factors for COVID-19 related perceptions and attitudes.Conclusion: In addition to drug therapy and mental health services, the perceptions and attitudes of Chinese people towards COVID-19 should be considered when promoting health education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals All better than being disengaged: Student engagement patterns and their relations to academic self-concept and achievement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnitzler ◽  
Doris Holzberger ◽  
Tina Seidel
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
High Engagement ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Student participation and cognitive and emotional engagement in learning activities play a key role in student academic achievement and are driven by student motivational characteristics such as academic self-concept. These relations have been well established with variable-centered analyses, but in this study, a person-centered analysis was applied to describe how the different aspects of student engagement are combined within individual students. Specifically, we investigated how the number of hand-raisings interacts with student cognitive and emotional engagement in various engagement patterns. Additionally, it was analyzed how these engagement patterns relate to academic self-concept as an antecedent and achievement as an outcome. In an empirical study, high school students (N = 397) from 20 eighth-grade classrooms were surveyed and videotaped during one mathematics school lesson. The design included a pre- and post-test, with the videotaping occurring in between. Five within-student engagement patterns were identified by latent profile analysis: disengaged, compliant, silent, engaged, and busy. Students with higher academic self-concept were more likely to show a pattern of moderate to high engagement. Compared with students with low engagement, students with higher engagement patterns gained systematically in end-of-year achievement. These findings illustrate the power of person-centered analyses to illuminate the complexity of student engagement. They imply the need for differentiation beyond disengaged and engaged students and bring along the recognition that being engaged can take on various forms, from compliant to busy.

scholarly journals Psychological Heterogeneity Among Honors College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Cross ◽  
Jennifer Riedl Cross ◽  
Sakhavat Mammadov ◽  
Thomas J. Ward ◽  
Kristie Speirs Neumeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Residence Life ◽  
Honors College ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Honors College Students

Greater knowledge of the psychology of honors college students will help to inform program administrators, counselors, residence life assistants, and faculty about how they may provide support to those with the greatest need. Via an online survey, personality, perfectionism, and suicidal ideation data were collected from honors college students ( N = 410, 73% female). Using latent profile analysis, students were classified by their responses to the Big Five Inventory personality measure into five profiles. Risk factors of high perfectionism and suicidal ideation scores were found in two of the profiles, suggesting students with these personality characteristics may need enhanced psychological support. The largest profile (35% of students) had extraversion scores above the norm, but all other profiles had introverted scores below the norm. Neuroticism scores were also higher than the norm in the introverted profiles, which represented a majority of the honors college students.

scholarly journals Inhibition and individual differences in behavior and emotional regulation in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Malagoli ◽  
Carlo Chiorri ◽  
Laura Traverso ◽  
Maria Carmen Usai
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Regulation Strategies

AbstractThe Impulsivity/Reflexivity issue in inhibitory control ability has seldom been investigated in terms of individual differences in typically developing populations. Although there is evidence of changes in executive functioning (EF), including inhibition, in adolescence, very little is known about the role of individual differences. Using the data from 240 14-to-19-year-old high school students who completed a battery of EF tasks (Flanker, Go No-Go, Antisaccade, and Stop signal task), measures of emotion regulation strategies and behavioral difficulties, we performed a latent profile analysis to identify qualitatively distinct score profiles. The results showed the existence in adolescence of two inhibition profiles, Impulsive vs Reflexive, differing in performances at the inhibition tasks. The two profiles were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, or to psychological variables, such as behavioral characteristics and emotional regulation strategies.

scholarly journals Adaptive number knowledge in secondary school students: Profiles and antecedents

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Jake McMullen ◽  
Kaisa Kanerva ◽  
Erno Lehtinen ◽  
Minna M. Hannula-Sormunen ◽  
Noona Kiuru
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Latent Profile ◽  
Number Knowledge

The present study aims to examine inter-individual differences in adaptive number knowledge in secondary school students. Adaptive number knowledge is defined as a well-connected network of knowledge of numerical characteristics and arithmetic relations. Substantial and relevant qualitative differences in the strategies and expression of adaptive number knowledge have been found in primary school students still in the process of learning arithmetic. We present a study involving 879 seventh-grade students that examines the structure of individual differences in adaptive number knowledge with students who have completed one year of algebra instruction. Results of a latent profile analysis reveal a model that is similar than was previously found in primary school students. As well, arithmetic fluency and the development of arithmetic fluency are strong predictors of adaptive number knowledge latent profile membership. These results suggest that adaptive number knowledge may be characteristic of high-level performance extending into secondary school, even after formal instruction with arithmetic concludes.

scholarly journals Existence of Differential Belief Profiles of COVID-19 Narratives: The Role of Trust in Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Agley ◽  
Yunyu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Scientific Consensus

Abstract BackgroundThe global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been mirrored by diffusion of misinformation and conspiracy theories about its origins (such as 5G cellular networks) and the motivations of preventive measures like vaccination, social distancing, and face masks (for example, as a political ploy). These beliefs have resulted in substantive, negative real-world outcomes but remain largely unstudied.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, online survey (n=660). Participants were asked about the believability of five selected COVID-19 narratives, their political orientation, their religious commitment, and their trust in science (a 21-item scale), along with sociodemographic items. Data were assessed descriptively, then latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups with similar believability profiles. Bivariate (ANOVA) analyses were run, then multivariable, multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with membership in specific COVID-19 narrative believability profiles.ResultsFor the full sample, believability of the narratives varied, from a low of 1.94 (SD=1.72) for the 5G narrative to a high of 4.56 (SD=1.64) for the zoonotic (scientific consensus) narrative. Four distinct belief profiles emerged, with the preponderance (70%) of the sample falling into Profile 1, which believed the scientifically accepted narrative (zoonotic origin) but not the misinformed or conspiratorial narratives. Other profiles did not disbelieve the zoonotic explanation, but rather believed additional misinformation to varying degrees. Controlling for sociodemographics, political orientation and religious commitment were marginally, and typically non-significantly, associated with COVID-19 belief profile membership. However, trust in science was a strong, significant predictor of profile membership, with lower trust being substantively associated with belonging to Profiles 2 through 4.ConclusionsBelief in misinformation or conspiratorial narratives may not be mutually exclusive from belief in the narrative reflecting scientific consensus; that is, profiles were distinguished not by belief in the zoonotic narrative, but rather by concomitant belief or disbelief in additional narratives. Additional, renewed dissemination of scientifically accepted narratives may not attenuate belief in misinformation. However, prophylaxis of COVID-19 misinformation might be achieved by taking concrete steps to improve trust in science and scientists, such as building understanding of the scientific process and supporting open science initiatives.

scholarly journals Profiles of Parents’ Beliefs About Their Child’s Intelligence and Self-Regulation: A Latent Profile Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Stern ◽  
Silke Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Latent Profile

This study examined parents’ implicit theories of intelligence and self-regulation from a person-centered perspective using latent profile analysis. First, we explored whether different belief profiles exist. Second, we examined if the emergent belief profiles (1) differ by demographic variables (e.g., age, education, child’s self-regulation) and (2) are related to parents’ failure beliefs, goal orientation (i.e., learning goals, performance-approach goals, performance-avoidance goals), and co-regulatory strategies (i.e., mastery-oriented and helpless-oriented strategies). Data were collected from N = 137 parents of preschoolers who answered an online survey comprising their implicit theories about the malleability and relevance of the domains (a) intelligence and (b) self-regulation. We identified three belief profiles: profile 1 (9% of the sample) displayed an entity theory, profile 2 (61% of the sample) showed a balanced pattern of both domains of implicit theories, and profile 3 (30% of the sample) was characterized by high incremental self-regulation theories. Analyses showed that parents differed significantly in education and their perception of child self-regulatory competence depending on profile membership, with parents in profile 1 having the lowest scores compared to parents of the other profiles. Differences in parents’ failure beliefs, goal orientation, and co-regulatory strategies were also found depending on profile membership. Parents in profile 3 reported failure-is-enhancing mindsets, and mastery-oriented strategies significantly more often than parents in profiles 1 and 2. The results provide new insights into the interplay of important domains of implicit theories, and their associations with parents’ failure beliefs, goal orientation, and co-regulatory strategies.

scholarly journals Australian Consumers’ Preferences for Food Attributes: A Latent Profile Analysis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Airong Zhang ◽  
Emma Jakku
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Preferences ◽  
Specific Food

Understanding consumer food preferences can provide agribusinesses with a competitive advantage through meeting consumers’ needs. Consumers’ preferences for food attributes have been extensively examined, focusing on specific aspects of attributes with specific food products. It is less clear how consumers evaluate the relative importance of the key food attributes in general. Applying the commonly adopted classification of food attributes into endogenous attributes (i.e., safety and freshness) and exogenous attributes (i.e., genetically modified (GM)-free and organic), the relative importance of these attributes for consumers was investigated. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of preferences was explored to identify distinct subgroups of consumers who may differ in valuing various food attributes. An online survey of 489 city dwellers in Australia revealed that the endogenous attributes were regarded as the most important in an order of safety and freshness. The exogenous attributes were rated as much less important. Three profiles with distinctive preferences for food attributes were identified: Not Fussy (12% of participants), Quality First (49%) and Choosy (39%). The findings suggest that consumers value the importance of various food attributes in a hierarchical order, and there is significant heterogeneity in consumers’ food preference. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of food policy and agribusiness decision-making.

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