scholarly journals How to decrease pharmaceuticals in the environment? A review

Author(s):  
Magda Caban ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski

AbstractThe global problem of the presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment is under investigation. Despite the increase in the knowledge of its sources, fates and impacts, the assessment of risks and the derived prevention actions are limited to single cases. The predicted increasing trend in the usage of pharmaceuticals forces the various parties involved to think about comprehensive mitigation actions. There are many areas of daily human life and industrial operations where such actions should take place. Thereby, in the presented review, such actions were summarized and divided into the following groups: A. design, synthesis and production of pharmaceuticals, B. prescription, sales and waste handling, C. control of the sources with advanced technologies. As the total amount of proposed actions was found to be quite high, a ranking according to the term of effects was proposed using the pyramid of needs. The advantages of actions taken in the first steps of the pharmaceutical life cycle (acting on the upstream) over end-of-pipe actions and the application of advanced technologies (the downstream option) were discussed, with reference to expert opinions.

Author(s):  
S.U. Lyapina ◽  
◽  
V.N. Tarasova ◽  
V.B. Ruchkin ◽  
E.O. Koscheeva ◽  
...  

The quality issues of new services directly affect the competitiveness of service organizations. However, the introduction of new services to the market is often limited only to the construction of the logistics of business processes, and the design applies only to technological equipment and infrastructure, the quality of which ultimately does not always ensure the quality of the services provided. At the same time, quality management affects mainly operational aspects, that is, it covers the later stages of the service life cycle. In resource-intensive service industries (for example, transport, communications, etc.), the high cost of equipment and infrastructure reduces the possibility of changes in service delivery technologies to improve their quality, which leads to inefficiency and market failures due to the fact that the new service does not match the real needs of customers. Despite this, forecasting and planning the quality of a service at the stage «making a decision» to launch a new service on the market remains largely without sufficient attention. The authors prove the need to design the quality of services at the stage «making a decision» to bring new services to the market. The purpose of the article is to describe the approach developed by the authors to assessing the quality of projected services at the early stages of their life cycle, which makes it possible to integrate qualitative and quantitative indicators of the future service and take into account the forecast requests of customers. The proposed approach has two features: (1) forecasting customer requirements for the quality of services is based on the results of machine learning based on data on existing and potential customers, as well as on the basis of the accumulated knowledge base of customer experience and expert opinions; (2) multi-criteria optimization is used, while some of the optimized parameters are discrete and high-quality. In conclusion, the authors demonstrated the advantages of the developed model on the examples of transport and logistics business in the field of passenger and freight transportation in Russia.


QAWWAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Nurmala Fahriyanti

In Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, people is lives are regulated on daily basis by religious law, traditional (adat) law and state law. To understand these complex cultural and religious processes as they affect women in particular, I will examine the issue of divorce, also known as sue divorce. This tipe of divorce is socially-sanctioned. I will focus my examination in Mataram, an city of Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. In Lombok society marriage constitutes an important part of the life cycle.  Someone is not considered an adult until marriage.  Marriage is not only united two individual, but also united two families. However this dream canot be realized over the long term.  If family problems arise and  there are no suitable solutions, people may choose to divorce. For instance, if a wife unable to fulfill her obligations as a wife, her husband can divorce her by verbal means alone, according to any of the three existing legal systems (religious customary or state law). By contrast, if her husband unable to fulfill her obligations as a husband his wife can divorce him in only one way by making an application to Islamic Court to do divorce. In marriage available successful couple builds the family that sakinah, mawaddah and warahmah. But then available also that unsuccessful and end with separate or divorce. Separate constitutes a thing that often happens deep good human life divorce the initiating from the husband and also divorce the initiating from the wife, that its cause islamic law puts attention that adequately significant to that thing. It can appear if understand about islamic law, undoubtedly will find both of previous thing and its terminological  islamic law. There is no divorce without started by marriage. But upon that aim not attained, therefore divorce constitutes last way out that must been sailed through. Divorce can't be done but there is grounds which corrected by religion, adat and state law. In islamic law, that divorce grounds experience developing according to social development. Basically islamic law establishes that divorce reason which is wrangle which really culminates and jeopardize the so called soul safety with “ syiqaq ”. Intention is if worried a couple its happening dispute (dispute not only means wrangle among husband or wife can also distinctive principle and opinion) therefore delegate a someone of its husband family and a someone of wife family. And if both of wife and husband will goodness and they can make resolution and look for the solution, but if there are suitable solution wife or husband can do divorce.


2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Endang Supriatna

AbstrakKampung Banceuy terletak di Desa Sanca, Kecamatan Jalancagak, KabupatenSubang. Masyarakat yang tinggal di Kampung Banceuy memiliki ciri kehidupan yang unik. Ciri khas masyarakat Banceuy di antaranya: mereka memiliki tokoh adat yang memimpin dan mengendalikan perilaku kepercayaan masyarakat setempat. Serta mereka masih memelihara nilai-nilai luhur dan tradisi upacara. Begitu banyak upacara yang masih mereka laksanakan, baik yang berkaitan dengan pertanian, daur hidup manusia, dan sistem religi. Banyak hal yang bisa dipetik dari pelaksanaan upacaraupacara tersebut, antara lain, nilai-nilai mitos dan ritual mendorong mereka menjalin hubungan timbal balik dengan lingkungan alam sekitar. AbstractThe village of Banceuy lies in Desa (larger village) Sanca, Kecamatan (district) Jalancagak, Kabupaten (regency) Subang. The people there has a unique life, e.g. they have a chief who responsible as leader in controlling the behavior of thecommunity member either in rituals or high-valued ancestral traditions. The rituals they have are, among others, ones that have something to do with agriculture, human life cycle and religious system. Those rituals make them maintain a good relationship with mother nature in term of preserving and conserving the environment.


Author(s):  
Kseniya Reznikova ◽  
Valery Maximov ◽  
Dmitry Popov

Together with the fourth industrial revolution Industry 4.0 in the field of shipbuilding came the concept of Shipbuilding 4.0. Despite its separation from Industry 4.0, the concept also implies the automation of production and implementation of the most advanced technologies. Such technologies include cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, augmented reality and blockchain. Today, all these technologies are heard and familiar to a huge number of people. They continue to be actively developed and implemented in various industries and areas of human life. Heavy industry, namely shipbuilding, was no exception. This article examines the concept of Shipbuilding 4.0 and information technology, it characterizes. Examples of the implementation of the above technologies in the shipbuilding industry are given: at shipyards, in design. Applications in logistics and shipping have also been studied. This work considers such a problem of the Russian shipbuilding industry as poorly developed digitalization. With a high probability, these technologies will soon be actively consolidated in this area and will start everywhere, including at Russian shipyards. The use of innovative developments will improve competitiveness and strengthen positions in the state and market economy. Maritime activity is a very responsible field, where the slightest mistake can lead to bad consequences on a colossal scale. Therefore, the advanced technologies considered in the work have yet to be brought to perfection. However, they already have the potential and direction of development.


2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3296-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Li Xu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Xiong Kou ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
...  

Shipbuilding includes three very distinct industrial operations, which are manufacturing, shipping, and ship recycling and will get out very serious pollution to the environment. This article discusses the green shipbuilding way to minimize the impact that shipbuilding have on the environment over their life-cycle, which include ship green design and harmless material chosen. And then several operations of green shipbuilding were present.


Author(s):  
Matthew D. Bauer ◽  
Zahed Siddique ◽  
David W. Rosen

Abstract Design for the life cycle practices enable the improvement of a product’s recycling, disassembly, and service characteristics, to name a few. In this paper, an approach to virtual prototyping is presented that supports product Design For Assembly, Disassembly, and Service (DFADS). The VP-DFADS system enables a designer to construct a product model, to interactively simulate an assembly, disassembly, or service process for that product, and to formulate and solve a simultaneous product/process design problem. Specific research objectives underlying this project include a reduction in VP model construction times, an improvement in information with which designers make DFADS decisions, and the development of a design synthesis method for DFADS. Although automated reasoning and synthesis technologies are outlined, the emphasis in this paper is on the integration of these technologies into the VP-DFADS system and on the usage of the system in supporting DFADS decisions. An application of the VP-DFADS system to automotive center console design illustrates the potential usefulness of the VP-DFADS approach.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document