scholarly journals A systematic review on the use of quantitative imaging to detect cancer therapy adverse effects in normal-appearing brain tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Petr ◽  
Louise Hogeboom ◽  
Pavel Nikulin ◽  
Evita Wiegers ◽  
Gwen Schroyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Monitoring Therapy

AbstractCancer therapy for both central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS tumors has been previously associated with transient and long-term cognitive deterioration, commonly referred to as ‘chemo fog’. This therapy-related damage to otherwise normal-appearing brain tissue is reported using post-mortem neuropathological analysis. Although the literature on monitoring therapy effects on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established, such macroscopic structural changes appear relatively late and irreversible. Early quantitative MRI biomarkers of therapy-induced damage would potentially permit taking these treatment side effects into account, paving the way towards a more personalized treatment planning.This systematic review (PROSPERO number 224196) provides an overview of quantitative tomographic imaging methods, potentially identifying the adverse side effects of cancer therapy in normal-appearing brain tissue. Seventy studies were obtained from the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting changes in normal-appearing brain tissue using MRI, PET, or SPECT quantitative biomarkers, related to radio-, chemo-, immuno-, or hormone therapy for any kind of solid, cystic, or liquid tumor were included. The main findings of the reviewed studies were summarized, providing also the risk of bias of each study assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool. For each imaging method, this review provides the methodological background, and the benefits and shortcomings of each method from the imaging perspective. Finally, a set of recommendations is proposed to support future research.

scholarly journals Ultrasound measurement of brain tissue movement in humans: A systematic review

Ultrasound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ince ◽  
Meshal Alharbi ◽  
Jatinder S Minhas ◽  
Emma ML Chung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tissue Motion

Introduction It has long been suggested that ultrasound could be used to measure brain tissue pulsations in humans, but potential clinical applications are relatively unexplored. The aim of this systematic review was to explore and synthesise available literature on ultrasound measurement of brain tissue motion in humans. Methods Our systematic review was designed to include predefined study selection criteria, quality evaluation, and a data extraction pro-forma, registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42018114117). The systematic review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Results Ten studies were eligible for the evidence synthesis and qualitative evaluation. All eligible studies confirmed that brain tissue motion over the cardiac cycle could be measured using ultrasound; however, data acquisition, analysis, and outcomes varied. The majority of studies used tissue pulsatility imaging, with the right temporal window as the acquisition point. Currently available literature is largely exploratory, with measurements of brain tissue displacement over a narrow range of health conditions and ages. Explored health conditions include orthostatic hypotension and depression. Conclusion Further studies are needed to assess variability in brain tissue motion estimates across larger cohorts of healthy subjects and in patients with various medical conditions. This would be important for informing sample size estimates to ensure future studies are appropriately powered. Future research would also benefit from a consistent framework for data analysis and reporting, to facilitate comparative research and meta-analysis. Following standardisation and further healthy participant studies, future work should focus on assessing the clinical utility of brain tissue pulsation measurements in cerebrovascular disease states.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: a systematic review of current evidence and future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. H213-H222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Chen ◽  
Pei-Tzu Wu ◽  
Holly R. Middlekauff ◽  
Kim-Lien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cancer Therapies

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Older cancer patients often wrestle with underlying heart disease during cancer therapy, whereas childhood cancer survivors are living long enough to face long-term unintended cardiac consequences of cancer therapies, including anthracyclines. Although effective and widely used, particularly in the pediatric population, anthracycline-related side effects including dose-dependent association with cardiac dysfunction limit their usage. Currently, there is only one United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, dexrazoxane, available for the prevention and mitigation of cardiotoxicity related to anthracycline therapy. While aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce cardiovascular complications in multiple diseases, its role as a therapeutic approach to mitigate cardiovascular consequences of cancer therapy is in its infancy. This systematic review aims to summarize how aerobic exercise can help to alleviate unintended cardiotoxic side effects and identify gaps in need of further research. While published work supports the benefits of aerobic exercise, additional clinical investigations are warranted to determine the effects of different exercise modalities, timing, and duration to identify optimal aerobic training regimens for reducing cardiovascular complications, particularly late cardiac effects, in cancer survivors exposed to anthracyclines.

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

Impact of surgery timing for craniosynostosis on neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mandela ◽  
Maggie Bellew ◽  
Paul Chumas ◽  
Hannah Nash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Surgery Timing ◽  
Anesthetic Exposure

OBJECTIVEThere are currently no guidelines for the optimum age for surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. This systematic review summarizes and assesses evidence on whether there is an optimal age for surgery in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes.METHODSThe databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase + Embase Classic, and Web of Science were searched between October and November 2016 and searches were repeated in July 2017. According to PICO (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome) criteria, studies were included that focused on: children diagnosed with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, aged ≤ 5 years at time of surgery; corrective surgery for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis; comparison of age-at-surgery groups; and tests of cognitive and neurodevelopmental postoperative outcomes. Studies that did not compare age-at-surgery groups (e.g., those employing a correlational design alone) were excluded. Data were double-extracted by 2 authors using a modified version of the Cochrane data extraction form.RESULTSTen studies met the specified criteria; 5 found a beneficial effect of earlier surgery, and 5 did not. No study found a beneficial effect of later surgery. No study collected data on length of anesthetic exposure and only 1 study collected data on sociodemographic factors.CONCLUSIONSIt was difficult to draw firm conclusions from the results due to multiple confounding factors. There is some inconclusive evidence that earlier surgery is beneficial for patients with sagittal synostosis. The picture is even more mixed for other subtypes. There is no evidence that later surgery is beneficial. The authors recommend that future research use agreed-upon parameters for: age-at-surgery cut-offs, follow-up times, and outcome measures.

Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Hakan Ozben ◽  
Ferhat Hanikoglu ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.

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