scholarly journals Detection of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, in continental sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Charles A. Kwadha ◽  
Louis A. Okwaro ◽  
Isabella Kleman ◽  
Guillermo Rehermann ◽  
Santosh Revadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThe spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an insect pest of soft-skinned fruit, native to Eastern Asia. Since 2008, a world-wide dispersal of D. suzukii is seen, characterized by the establishment of the pest in many Asian, American and European countries. While the potential for invasion of continental Africa by D. suzukii has been predicted, its presence has only been shown for Morocco in Northern Africa. Knowledge about a possible establishment in other parts of the continent is needed as a basis for pest management. In 2019, we carried out a first survey in three counties in Kenya to monitor for the presence of D. suzukii using traps baited with a blend of apple cider vinegar and red wine. A total of 389 D. suzukii flies were captured in a fruit farm at Nakuru county, with more female flies being trapped than males. We confirmed the morphological identification of D. suzukii using DNA barcoding. In 2020, we performed a follow-up survey at 14 locations in six counties to delimit the distribution of D. suzukii in the main berry growing zones in Kenya. The survey indicated that so far D. suzukii is restricted to Nakuru county where it was initially detected. This is the first study to provide empirical evidence of D. suzukii in continental sub-Saharan Africa, confirming that the pest is expanding its geographic range intercontinentally. Given the high dispersal potential of D. suzukii, a concerted effort to develop management strategies is a necessity for containment of the pest.

scholarly journals Infestation index of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in small fruit in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutiane Wollmann ◽  
Daniele Cristine Hoffmann Schlesener ◽  
Sávio Ritta Mendes ◽  
Alexandra Peter Krüger ◽  
Liliane Nachtigall Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Infestation

ABSTRACT: The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is considered the main insect pest of small fruit in the world. Identifying susceptible hosts is essential to develop management strategies. The aim of this study was to verify the level of D. suzukii infestation in blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, cattley guava and Surinam cherry fruits cultivated in the southern region in Brazil, and to determine the infestation index (II) per fruit. The studies were carried out during two harvests (2015/16 and 2016/17) in three areas with organic cultivation of small fruit. The highest level of D. suzukii natural infestation was observed in blackberry (40 to 65% infestation), and strawberry (approximately 30% infestation) fruits. In contrast, blueberries were less preferred (< 7% infestation). For native fruit of the region (cattley guava and Surinam cherry), it was also verified infestation of the fly, demonstrating they are hosts for multiplication in the off-season periods of the other crops. In relation to II, blackberry and Surinam cherry provided a higher average number of insects per gram of fruit (≈ 1.6 adults of D. suzukii). In contrast, blueberries and cattley guava had the lowest insect ratio per gram of fruit (≈ 0.7 adults per gram). The period between late spring to mid-autumn was considered ideal for the pest occurrence in the field. The knowledge of natural infestation levels is essential for understanding the behavior of the pest in the field, which will assist in the design of management strategies.

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture for Resource Use Efficiency in Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Onyango ◽  
Justine M. Nyaga ◽  
Johanna Wetterlind ◽  
Mats Söderström ◽  
Kristin Piikki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sub Saharan

Opportunities exist for adoption of precision agriculture technologies in all parts of the world. The form of precision agriculture may vary from region to region depending on technologies available, knowledge levels and mindsets. The current review examined research articles in the English language on precision agriculture practices for increased productivity among smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 7715 articles were retrieved and after screening 128 were reviewed. The results indicate that a number of precision agriculture technologies have been tested under SSA conditions and show promising results. The most promising precision agriculture technologies identified were the use of soil and plant sensors for nutrient and water management, as well as use of satellite imagery, GIS and crop-soil simulation models for site-specific management. These technologies have been shown to be crucial in attainment of appropriate management strategies in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of resource use in SSA. These technologies are important in supporting sustainable agricultural development. Most of these technologies are, however, at the experimental stage, with only South Africa having applied them mainly in large-scale commercial farms. It is concluded that increased precision in input and management practices among SSA smallholder farmers can significantly improve productivity even without extra use of inputs.

scholarly journals Water flow pathways and the water balance within a head-water catchment containing a dambo: inferences drawn from hydrochemical investigations

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. McCartney ◽  
C. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Headwater Catchments ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Water Catchment

Abstract. Dambos, seasonally saturated wetlands, are widespread in headwater catchments in sub-Saharan Africa. It is widely believed that they play an important role in regional hydrology but, despite research conducted over the last 25 years, their hydrological functions remain poorly understood. To improve conceptualisation of hydrological flow paths and investigate the water balance of a small Zimbabwean catchment containing a single dambo, measurements of alkalinity and chloride in different water types within the catchment have been used as chemical markers. The temporal variation in alkalinity is consistent with the premise that all stream water, including the prolonged dry season recession, is derived predominantly from shallow sources. The proposition that dry season recession flows are maintained by water travelling at depth within the underlying saprolite is not substantiated. There is evidence that a low permeability clay lens, commonly present in many dambos, acts as a barrier for vertical water exchange. However, the highly heterogeneous chemical composition of different waters precludes quantitative hydrograph split-ting using end member mixing analysis. Calculation of the chloride mass-balance confirms that, after rainfall, evaporation is the largest component of the catchment water budget. The study provides improved understanding of the hydrological functioning of dambos. Such understanding is essential for the development and implementation of sustainable management strategies for this landform.

scholarly journals Phosphorus management strategies to increase lowland rice yields in sub-Saharan Africa: A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 108370
Author(s):  
Tovohery Rakotoson ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Sub Saharan

Soil-dwelling insect pests of tree crops in Sub-Saharan Africa, problems and management strategies-A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Ambele ◽  
H. B. Bisseleua Daghela ◽  
O. O. Babalola ◽  
S. Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Sub Saharan

Screening of 25 cowpea genotypes for resistance to Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom in southern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bonney ◽  
John Saviour Yaw Eleblu ◽  
Vincent Eziah
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
University Of Ghana ◽  
Moderately Resistant

In sub-Saharan Africa, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom are the most destructive insect pest of cowpea. It causes approximately 100% reduction in cowpea yield. Synthetic insecticides are widely used in controlling this pest, however, health and environmental hazards are another challenge. This study sought to evaluate 25 cowpea genotypes from Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Togo and South-Sudan for resistance to this pest under field screening using a 5 by 5 alpha lattice design with 2 checks at University of Ghana farms. The results revealed Laduni 1B as resistant, 20 moderately resistant and 4 susceptible genotypes were also identified in this study. In the determination of correlated and non-correlated variables, ten traits were reported important to the resistance of cowpea genotypes to flower bud thrips. The genotypes with resistance could be used to introgress the resistant trait into other preferred but susceptible cowpea varieties.

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