Screening of 25 cowpea genotypes for resistance to Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom in southern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bonney ◽  
John Saviour Yaw Eleblu ◽  
Vincent Eziah
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
University Of Ghana ◽  
Moderately Resistant

In sub-Saharan Africa, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom are the most destructive insect pest of cowpea. It causes approximately 100% reduction in cowpea yield. Synthetic insecticides are widely used in controlling this pest, however, health and environmental hazards are another challenge. This study sought to evaluate 25 cowpea genotypes from Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Togo and South-Sudan for resistance to this pest under field screening using a 5 by 5 alpha lattice design with 2 checks at University of Ghana farms. The results revealed Laduni 1B as resistant, 20 moderately resistant and 4 susceptible genotypes were also identified in this study. In the determination of correlated and non-correlated variables, ten traits were reported important to the resistance of cowpea genotypes to flower bud thrips. The genotypes with resistance could be used to introgress the resistant trait into other preferred but susceptible cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and trait association under thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom) infestation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson Oluwaseyi Toyinbo ◽  
Christian Fatokun ◽  
Ousmane Boukar ◽  
Morakinyo Abiodun Bamidele Fakorede
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractFlower bud thrips is one of the most destructive insect pests of cowpea in sub-Saharan Africa. Information on genetic variability among cowpea germplasm and interrelationships among traits under thrips infestation would facilitate the development of resistant varieties. The objectives of the study were to assess genetic variability for thrips resistance, estimate heritability of yield and other traits and investigate inter-trait relationships under thrips infestation. One hundred and fifty-six cowpea lines, including one resistant and one susceptible check, were screened for resistance under natural infestation at two locations in Nigeria, in 2016. Test lines were scored for thrips damage weekly for three consecutive weeks, after removal of spreader plants, to obtain damage scores (DS) 1, 2 and 3 while data were collected on agronomic traits. The data were subjected to analysis of variance from which genetic components of the phenotypic variance were computed. Interrelationships among traits were determined using phenotypic and genotypic correlation, and sequential path analyses. Significant variability was observed among test lines. Lines TVu 6824 and TVNu 1307 were identified as possessing thrips resistance. DS3 had significant genetic and phenotypic correlations with DS1, DS2 and yield-related traits. Number of pods per peduncle, number of peduncles per plant and DS3 were identified as first-order traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.55 to 0.73. Genetic variability among the lines suggests the possibility of genetic control of thrips while number of pods per peduncle, number of peduncles per plant and DS3 would serve as useful selection criteria for thrips resistance.

Evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm lines for tolerance to drought

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Fatokun ◽  
Ousmane Boukar ◽  
Satoru Muranaka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cowpea is an important grain legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where, on a worldwide basis, the bulk is produced and consumed. The dry savanna area of SSA is where cowpea is mostly grown under rain-fed conditions. The crop is therefore prone to drought which may occur early, mid and/or late in the cropping season. Compared with many other crops, cowpea is drought tolerant, even though drought is still a major constraint limiting its productivity in SSA. Increasing the level of drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties grown by farmers would enable them to obtain more and stable yield from their cowpea fields. As a first step towards enhancing drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties, 1288 lines were selected randomly from cowpea germplasm collections maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and evaluated for their drought tolerance at Ibadan. Drought was imposed by withdrawal of irrigation from 5 weeks after sowing. On average, drought reduced the number of days to flower by 12 d, and the mean grain yield per plant was also reduced by 67.28%. A few of the cowpea lines stayed green for up to 6 weeks after irrigation was stopped, even though some of these produced no pods when the study was terminated. Further evaluation in the screenhouse of 142 selected drought-tolerant lines helped to identify six lines that could be potential parents for developing breeding lines with enhanced drought tolerance.

Evaluation of cowpea germplasm lines for protein and mineral concentrations in grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Boukar ◽  
Festo Massawe ◽  
Satoru Muranaka ◽  
Jorge Franco ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Mixture Of Normal Distributions ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Cowpea, an indigenous crop to sub-Saharan Africa, is found mainly in the dry savanna regions along with cereals such as millets and sorghum. Cowpea is grown primarily for human consumption of the grains, which are rich in protein, carbohydrates and contain some minerals. The development and deployment of cowpea varieties with higher nutritional value will be of immense benefit to consumers. As a first step in the enhancement of mineral content in cowpea grains, several germplasm lines (1541) of different origins and obtained from the genetic resources unit at IITA were sown in the experimental field in Minjibir, Kano State, Nigeria. The grains were analysed for protein and nine mineral contents. However, in this study, we shall report data on crude protein, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P. The data generated from the chemical analysis were subjected to the ‘mixture of normal distributions’ clustering method, which distributed the cowpea lines into nine groups. Groups G7 and G9 contained 174 genotypes and these were characterized by high mineral concentrations. The mean nutritional content values for group G9 were 24.7% for protein, and 58.9, 41.5, 1107, 2132, 15,282 and 5664 mg/kg for Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P, respectively. On the other hand, the 363 lines making up groups G2, G3 and G6 showed low amounts of nutrients in their grains. Some of the lines in G7 and G9 would be good as parents to use in breeding programmes that aimed at developing nutrient-dense cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals Structure, Immunoreactivity, and In Silico Epitope Determination of SmSPI S. mansoni Serpin for Immunodiagnostic Application

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Stefano De Benedetti ◽  
Flavio Di Pisa ◽  
Enrico Mario Alessandro Fassi ◽  
Marina Cretich ◽  
Angelo Musicò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
Far East ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Timely Treatment

The human parasitic disease Schistosomiasis is caused by the Schistosoma trematode flatworm that infects freshwaters in tropical regions of the world, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and the Far-East. It has also been observed as an emerging disease in Europe, due to increased immigration. In addition to improved therapeutic strategies, it is imperative to develop novel, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic tests that can detect the Schistosoma parasite, allowing timely treatment. Present diagnosis is difficult and involves microscopy-based detection of Schistosoma eggs in the feces. In this context, we present the 3.22 Å resolution crystal structure of the circulating antigen Serine protease inhibitor from S. mansoni (SmSPI), and we describe it as a potential serodiagnostic marker. Moreover, we identify three potential immunoreactive epitopes using in silico-based epitope mapping methods. Here, we confirm effective immune sera reactivity of the recombinant antigen, suggesting the further investigation of the protein and/or its predicted epitopes as serodiagnostic Schistosomiasis biomarkers.

scholarly journals HIV disclosure perspectives from HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja ◽  
Gary J Burkholder ◽  
Aimee Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aim of this research brief is to describe a study that examined the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their biological HIV-positive and negative children before, during, and after the HIV disclosure process in Kenya. This is the first study from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that provides perspectives on HIV disclosure of a parent’s and a child’s illness from the viewpoints of HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative children. Prior studies in SSA have mostly centered on disclosure to HIV-positive children (of their own illnesses) and others have reported on parents disclosing their illnesses to their children. Key Aspects of HIV Disclosure to Children: 1. Disclosure should be performed as a process. 2. It is a parent’s decision on when to disclose but also a child’s right to be told about his/her own, a parent’s, and other family member’s illnesses and deaths. 3. Healthcare professionals should help parents prepare for and disclose family member’s illnesses and prior deaths to their children. 4. Disclosure should preferably be performed when both the parent and child are in good health. 5. Disclosure should be performed when a child shows understanding of the illness and/or maturity. 6. Disclosure planning should include a determination of who is the most suitable person to disclose to a child. 7. Disclosure should be postponed until animportant life event (e.g., taking a national school examination) has occurred. The original research article is located at: https://peerj.com/articles/486.pdf

Safety, Acceptability and Adherence of Dapivirine Vaginal Ring in a Microbicide Clinical Trial Conducted in Multiple Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vaginal Ring ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trial Participant ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Hiv Negative

BackgroundThis was the first microbicide trial conducted in Africa to evaluate an antiretroviral-containingvaginal ring as an HIV prevention technology for women.ObjectivesThe trial assessed and compared the safety, acceptability and adherence to product use ofa 4-weekly administered vaginal ring containing the antiretroviral microbicide, dapivirine,with a matching placebo ring among women from four countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods280 Healthy, sexually active, HIV-negative women, aged 18 to 40 years were enrolled with140 women randomised to a dapivirine vaginal ring (25 mg) and 140 women to a matchingplacebo ring, inserted 4-weekly and used over a 12-week period. Safety was evaluated bypelvic examination, colposcopy, clinical laboratory assessments, and adverse events.Blood samples for determination of plasma concentrations of dapivirine were collected atWeeks 0, 4 and 12. Residual dapivirine levels in returned rings from dapivirine ring userswere determined post-trial. Participant acceptability and adherence to ring use wereassessed by self-reports.

Phytoseiid mites of the tribe Paraseiulini Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from sub-Saharan Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1687 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILBERTO J. DE MORAES ◽  
IGNACE D. ZANNOU ◽  
EDDIE A. UECKERMANN ◽  
ANIBAL R. OLIVEIRA ◽  
RACHID HANNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

This is the eighth publication of a series on the determination of phytoseiid mites of sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty-three phytoseiid species of the tribe Paraseiulini Wainstein are reported in this paper. They refer to all species of this tribe known to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Six of these species are described for the first time and 13 species are redescribed. Most of the reported species were collected in cassava habitats in tropical Africa and in other habitats in South Africa. A key is included to help in the separation of the species treated in this paper.

scholarly journals The 2010 APSA Workshop on Global Perspectives on Politics and Gender: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, July 18–August 6, 2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-852
Author(s):  
Helena Saele
Keyword(s):  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
West African ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ghana

The APSA Workshop on Global Perspectives on Politics and Gender was convened in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from July 18 to August 6. It was the third annual residential workshop of a multi-year initiative that APSA is organizing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2008 though 2014. The first workshop took place in Dakar, Senegal (2008), at the facilities of the West African Research Center; the second workshop was convened in Accra, Ghana (2009), at the Institute for African Studies and the University of Ghana, Legon.

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