Unraveling Wheat Grain Quality, Physiological Indices, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Attenuating Water Stress Adverse Effect Via Foliar Potassium Application at Different Growth Stages

Growth response of sugar beet plants to drought stress applied at different growth stages has been investigated. Cessation of watering imposed moderate water stress and resulted in the reduction of the relative water content of young and old leaves maximally by 6%. However, water content in taproot was more drastically decreased than in the shoot. Water withholding reduced dry matter accumulation and leaf assimilatory expansion when imposed at successive growth stages, especially in the case of earlier stress application. Substantial change in distribution pattern was observed when stress affected foliar development, more than 80% of dry matter was accumulated in the taproots. Water shortage negatively influenced both taproot and sugar yield by 16–52%, depending on the stress timing in the season. Drought stress did not change the sucrose concentration but when occurred in foliar and early stage of root development, decreased the contents of important non-sugar compounds like potassium and -amino-N solutes in the final yield. Overall, data concerning the different water status in particular organs implies that a hydrodynamic equilibrium does not exist within the sugar beet plant as a response to water stress. Drought imposed on the earlier stage, most drastically influenced plant growth and final yield. When water stress occurs at the end of crop cycle, sugar beet plants had a higher ability to recovery their growth.

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Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92022-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amanullah ◽

Shah Khalid ◽

Farhan Khalil ◽

Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Storage Organs ◽

Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

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Seasonal Partitioning of Leaf and Fruit Potassium and Fruit Dry Matter in French Prune Trees at Various Potassium Levels

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.6.981 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 981-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽

R.M. Carlson ◽

K. Uriu ◽

N.H. Willits ◽

J.P. Pearson

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

Mature Trees ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Weight Yield ◽

High K

A study was undertaken to determine the seasonal dynamics of leaf and fruit K content and the influence of tree K status and fruit growth on leaf and fruit K accumulation rates in French prune (Prunus domestics L. cv. d'Agen). Mature trees in a commercial orchard were treated with various rates of K2 SO4. (O to ≈20 kg/tree) in the fall. Fruit dry weight yield per tree at harvest and fruit K content were higher for high-K trees, but fruit percent K (by dry weight) was ≈1.0% for all trees. Leaf scorch and subsequent abscission severely reduced the canopy of K-deficient trees. Significant positive linear relationships between leaf and fruit K accumulation rates existed for the periods of 28 Apr.-28 May (May) and 28 May-7 July (June). A significant negative linear relationship existed between these two criteria from 7 July-3 Aug. (July). May (0.237 mg K per fruit-day) and July (0.267 mg K per fruit-day) mean fruit K accumulation rates were similar, but both were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those for June (0.140 mg K per fruit-day). Mean leaf K accumulation rates for May (- 0.007 mg K per leaf-day) and July (-0.010 mg K per leaf-day) were similar, but both were significantly (P = 0.001) less than for June (0.005 mg K per leaf-day). Potassium per fruit accumulation was highest in trees with highest K status. Periods of net leaf K efflux and influx did not precisely correlate with fruit growth stages measured by fruit dry weight. The period of lowest fruit K accumulation (28 May-7 July) coincided with the period of maximum dry matter accumulation by the kernel. After 7 July, all increases in fruit dry weight and K content were due to mesocarp growth.

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Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen and Irrigation on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Content of Corn at Different Growth Stages During Two Sowing Dates

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences ◽

10.4197/met.14-1.2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 25-48

Author(s):

MOHAMED KIWAN ◽

SAMIR AL-SOLAIMANI

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Different Growth Stages

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Effect of water stress at different growth stages on quantity and quality traits of Virginia (flue-cured) tobacco type

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/163/2009-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.H. Biglouei ◽

M.H. Assimi ◽

A. Akbarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Volume ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Research Station ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Different Growth Stages

A field research was carried out in the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007 in order to determine the effect of irrigation and water stress imposed at different growth stages on quantity and quality traits of Virginia tobacco plants. A randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications was applied at the Rasht tobacco research station. Treatments were: no irrigation (dryland farming) as the complete water stress (WS0), water stress till the end of flower bud forming stage (WS1), water stress till the end of flowering stage (WS2) and full irrigation (WS3) as control in each cropping season. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of water stress on all the traits related to yield, quality traits and all the traits related to yield components except number of leaves, was significant (P < 0.01). The interaction between year and water stress showed that the treatment of WS0 in all three experimental years significantly (P < 0.05) affected the fresh and dry leaf yield, plant height and sugar and nicotine percentage. The comparison of means of three years (average of three years) also revealed that the treatment of WS0 significantly (P < 0.05) affected all of the traits which were related to tobacco quantity and quality except for the number of leaves. Moreover, the level of water productivity in recognition of each water volume unit for three experimental years for the treatments of WS1, WS2 and WS3 were 1.223, 0.873 and 0.594 kg/m3, respectively, in the case of average dry leaf yield. Consequently, the results indicate that with optimizing irrigation application we can reach the higher level of productivity.

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Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53000-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽

Yu-Min Liu ◽

Shi-Jie Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Grain Yields ◽

P Concentration ◽

Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

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Fruit Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation in Grapefruit During Periods of Water Withholding and After Reirrigation

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9880633 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 633 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A Cohen ◽

A Goell

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Fresh Weight

Changes in volume, fresh weight and dry matter (DM) contents were followed in fruits from girdled and non-girdled branches borne on regularly irrigated (RI) as well as water-stressed (S) trees. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for various periods. The results indicate that, even during prolonged periods of drought, DM accumulation in fruits on S trees was only slightly impaired, even when fruit volume growth was reduced to zero or even to shrinkage. After irrigation was resumed, fruits from S trees grew faster than those from RI trees, indicating that some of the DM which had accumulated was available for volume growth. The possibility of using the rate of DM accumulation in the fruit as an indicator for the timing of irrigation is discussed.

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Response of dry matter partition and yield components to waterlogging and sunlight shortage in different growth stages of wheat

Natural Hazards ◽

10.1007/s11069-021-04984-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Min Jiang ◽

Shouli Xuan ◽

Muhammad Atif Muneer ◽

Bin Sun ◽

Chunlin Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Different Growth Stages

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Nutrient digestibility of alfalfa at different growth stages on sheep and goat

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200013521 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 ◽

pp. 193-193

Author(s):

M. M. Moeini ◽

M. Souri ◽

F. Hozabri ◽

M. R. Sanjabi

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

High Forage ◽

Different Growth Stages

The nutritive values of animal feed are dependents on plant species, stages of maturity, harvesting and preparation methods. Legumes provide maximum yield, high forage quality (protein, mineral and digestible energy). Legumes decrease in protein and digestible dry matter and increase in fibre as they increase in growth or in maturity (Hochensmith et al., 1997). Alfalfa (medica sativa) is world unique forage in livestock food. This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of Hamadanian alfalfa forage at different growth stage on two local Iranian sheep and goat breeds.

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