scholarly journals Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and coexisting disorders in correlation with HLA status—an overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mikosch ◽  
Adrian Aistleitner ◽  
Markus Oehrlein ◽  
Eva Trifina-Mikosch
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen

SummaryHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a frequent disorder of the thyroid gland caused by autoimmune-trigged lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the thyroid gland. With the progressive destruction of the organ, the thyroid gland shrinks in size, thus commonly leading to hypothyroidism. Therapy of HT is mainly focused on managing the thyroid dysfunction by oral substitution of L‑thyroxine. However, patients with HT often complain about a broad spectrum of symptoms, with some of them hardly explained by HT itself. Several other disorders are known to be associated with HT. The etiology of HT seems to be multifactorial, including environmental influences such as iodine supply, infections, and stress as triggers of immune modulation. In addition, also a genetic background based on changes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status seems to be evident. The paper will provide an overview of diseases related to HT, including their correlation to certain HLA patterns. This presentation should give a broader view on HT-related disorders and facilitate detailed examination and management of patients with HT.

scholarly journals The effects of vitamins and trace minerals on chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Włochal ◽  
Marcin A. Kucharski ◽  
Marian Grzymisławski
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is one of the most frequent types of inflammation of the thyroid gland. The prevalence of the overt HT is about 2% but it is believed that Hashimoto thyroiditis is more frequent than expected. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is characterized by dysfunction of the immune system, which leads to impaired tolerance of own tissues and increased production of autoantibodies against the thyroid cells. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) and/or TSH receptors antibodies are the principal markers of the disease. The essential element of the treatment of HT is the supplementation of L-thyroxine. In Hashimoto’s disease, like in many other autoimmune diseases, researchers attempted to support pharmacological treatment by adequate nutrition. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature on the levels of antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, selenium, zinc) and vitamin D in patients with HT, as well as the influence of the nutritional supplementation of the above mentioned elements on the metabolism of the thyroid gland hormones and the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies.

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of thyroid gland in an Adolescent girl with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Xatzipsalti ◽  
Evangelos Bourousis ◽  
Maria Nikita ◽  
Myrsini Gkeli ◽  
Evgenia Magkou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell

scholarly journals Evading the Immune System: Immune Modulation and Immune Matching in Cell Replacement Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Asuka Morizane ◽  
Jun Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Allogeneic Transplantation ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
The Brain

Stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease are now being applied clinically. Notably, studies have shown that controlling the graft-induced immune response improves the results. In this mini-review, we concisely summarize current approaches used for this control. We focus on four modes of stem cell-based therapies: autologous transplantation, allogeneic transplantation with human leukocyte antigen-matching and allogeneic transplantation without, and finally the application of “universal” pluripotent stem cells. We also discuss immuno-suppressive treatments and the monitoring of immune reactions in the brain.

scholarly journals Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in Children and Adolescent Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Ultrasonographic and Pathologic Findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hye Jeong ◽  
Hyun Sook Hong ◽  
Eun Hye Lee ◽  
Jeong Ja Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Extrathyroidal Extension ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Node Metastases

Objectives. We compared the ultrasonography and pathology features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in pediatric and adolescents with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) with those of non-HT patients.Materials and Methods. Eleven patients who were surgically confirmed to have pediatric or adolescent PTC from 2006 to 2014 were included in this study. We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative ultrasonography and pathology features of PTC arising in HT and non-HT patients.Results. On ultrasonography, thyroid gland was lobulated and enlarged, with many scattered microcalcifications in four of five HT patients. Four of six non-HT patients had suspicious masses with calcifications. The diffuse sclerosing variant of PTC (DSVPTC) was found in three of five HT patients, but none in non-HT patients. Macroscopic or microscopic extrathyroidal extension was evident in all of the HT patients and four of the non-HT patients. Neck lymph node metastases were in all HT patients and five of non-HT patients.Conclusions. Three of five PTCs in pediatric and adolescent HT patients were DSVPTC, whereas all PTCs of the non-HT patients were classic type. On ultrasonography, thyroid gland was diffusely enlarged with scattered microcalcifications in four of five HT patients. All five HT cases had aggressive disease, including extrathyroidal extension and cervical lymph node metastases.

Pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cells ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Pyramidal Lobe ◽  
Grade Iii

Grossly, thyroid enlargement in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is generally symmetrical, often with a characteristic conspicuous pyramidal lobe. The tissue involved by HT is pinkish-tan to frankly yellowish in color and tends to have a rubbery firmness. There is no necrosis or calcification. The capsule is intact and non-adherent to peri-thyroid structures. Microscopically, there is a diffuse process consisting of a combination of epithelial cell destruction, lymphoid cellular infiltration, and fibrosis. Lymphocytes are predominantly T-cells and plasma cells. Most infiltrating T-cells have α/β T-cell receptors. Gamma/delta T-cells are rare. Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been graded based on lymphocytic infiltration seen on cytology, into Grades 0-III, where Grade 0 means no lymphoid cells and Grade III severe lymphoid cell infiltration. Deposits of dense material representing IgG are found along the basement membrane on electron microscopy. This chapter explores the pathology of Hashimoto's disease.

scholarly journals The unusual association of Graves' disease, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and premature ovarian failure: report of a case and HLA haplotype characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri ◽  
Giuseppe Vita ◽  
Anna Grazia D'Angelo ◽  
Paolina Quattrocchi ◽  
Rosaria Certo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals for more than six weeks, has been associated with autoimmune diseases. Herein, we report the unusual association of CSU, Graves' disease, and premature ovarian failure. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) studies were performed. A 36-year-old woman presented symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism for three months. In the same period, the patient complained of widespread urticarial wheals, intensely itchy, and poorly responsive to therapy with antihistaminic agents. Hyperthyroidism was confirmed biochemically, and treatment with methimazole was started. As hyperthyroidism improved, a marked improvement in her urticaria was also observed. However, the patient continued to complain of amenorrhea. Endocrine evaluation, at the age 38, was consistent with premature ovarian failure. This is the first report of coexistence of GD, CSU, and POF. The genetic background of such unusual association is a specific combination of HLA.

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