A Modular Tissue Engineering Construct Containing Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells

AbstractMicrofluidic cell separation systems have emerged as attractive alternatives to traditional techniques in recent years. These systems offer the advantages of being able to handle small sample volumes and at the same time achieve highly selective separation. Conventional separation techniques, including both fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), typically require a pre-processing incubation step to attach ligated tags (such as fluorescent dyes or magnetic beads) to cell surfaces prior to separation. These techniques are also constrained by infrastructure and high cost. Microfluidic devices with surface-immobilized adhesion molecules eliminate the need for pre-processing incubation and are a low cost alternative.We describe the selective adhesion of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in microfluidic devices coated with adhesion peptides. The device geometry is such that the shear stress varies linearly as a function of flow channel length, allowing simultaneous evaluation of the effects of surface chemistry and fluid shear on cell adhesion. The adhesion peptides, val-ala-pro-gly (VAPG) and arg-glu-asp-val (REDV), are known to bind selectively to smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, respectively. These peptides were tethered to the device surface using silane chemistry and NHS-ester coupling. Cell adhesion was examined in a shear stress range of 1.3-4.0 dyn/cm2. Under these conditions, endothelial cells show significantly higher adhesion to REDV-coated devices compared to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Correspondingly, smooth muscle cell adhesion in VAPG-coated devices is much greater than that of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. This selective binding behavior is also observed when mixed suspensions of the three cell types are flowed into both types of peptide-coated microfluidic devices. These results suggest that microfluidic devices coated with REDV and VAPG can be used as effective separation tools in various applications, such as tissue engineering. Specific examples of applications in cardiac and skin tissue engineering will be discussed.

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Co-culture of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells on three-dimensional bioprinted polycaprolactone scaffolds for cavernosal tissue engineering

The Aging Male ◽

10.1080/13685538.2019.1601175 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyung-Jin Oh ◽

Ho Song Yu ◽

Jinju Park ◽

Hyun-Suk Lee ◽

Su A. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Muscle Cells

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In Vitro Biocompatibility of Coaxial Electrospun Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

Volume 1A: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms; Active and Reactive Soft Matter; Atherosclerosis; BioFluid Mechanics; Education; Biotransport Phenomena; Bone, Joint and Spine Mechanics; Brain Injury; Cardiac Mechanics; Cardiovascular Devices, Fluids and Imaging; Cartilage and Disc Mechanics; Cell and Tissue Engineering; Cerebral Aneurysms; Computational Biofluid Dynamics; Device Design, Human Dynamics, and Rehabilitation; Drug Delivery and Disease Treatment; Engineered Cellular Environments ◽

10.1115/sbc2013-14790 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie M. Merkle ◽

Kaitlyn R. Ammann ◽

Katrina J. DeCook ◽

Phat L. Tran ◽

Marvin J. Slepian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Cellular Adhesion ◽

Cellular Migration ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

Coaxial electrospinning is a novel technique that allows the fabrication of composite nanofibers in a core-shell structure. This technique can be used to optimize the biological properties of a natural polymer (i.e. gelatin) and the mechanical properties of a synthetic polymer (i.e. polyvinyl alcohol). In this study, we fabricated coaxial nanofibers of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for use in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Cellular adhesion and proliferation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) is determined on coaxial nanofibers fabricated from a 1:1 and 3:1 (gelatin:PVA volumetric flow rate ratios), as well as nanofibers composed solely of gelatin or PVA. In addition, cellular migration on the coaxial nanofibers, gelatin nanofibers, and PVA nanofibers is determined for both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.

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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Human Liver and Healthy or Atherosclerotic Vessel Walls

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648809 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (01) ◽

pp. 044-053 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

N Chomiki ◽

M Henry ◽

M C Alessi ◽

F Anfosso ◽

I Juhan-Vague

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Human Liver ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Vessel Walls ◽

Activator Inhibitor ◽

Pai 1

SummaryIndividuals with elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 are at risk of developing atherosclerosis. The mechanisms leading to increased plasma PAI-1 concentrations are not well understood. The link observed between increased PAI-1 levels and insulin resistance has lead workers to investigate the effects of insulin or triglyceride rich lipoproteins on PAI-1 production by cultured hepatocytes or endothelial cells. However, little is known about the contribution of these cells to PAI-1 production in vivo. We have studied the expression of PAI-1 in human liver sections as well as in vessel walls from different territories, by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.We have observed that normal liver endothelial cells expressed PAI-1 while parenchymal cells did not. However, this fact does not refute the role of parenchymal liver cells in pathological states.In healthy vessels, PAI-1 mRNA and protein were detected primarily at the endothelium from the lumen as well as from the vasa vasorum. In normal arteries, smooth muscle cells were able to produce PAI-1 depending on the territory tested. In deeply altered vessels, PAI-1 expression was observed in neovessels scattering the lesions, in some intimal cells and in smooth muscle cells. Local increase PAI-1 mRNA described in atherosclerotic lesions could be due to the abundant neovascularization present in the lesion as well as a raised expression in smooth muscle cells. The increased PAI-1 in atherosclerosis could lead to fibrin deposit during plaque rupture contributing further to the development and progression of the lesion.

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Thrombin Inhibition and Thrombin Generation by Cultured Aortic Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells from Minipig

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657227 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 48 (01) ◽

pp. 101-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B Kirchhof ◽

J Grünwald

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Thrombin Inhibition ◽

Generating Capacity ◽

Wall Interaction ◽

Cells Cultured

SummaryEndothelial and smooth muscle cells cultured from minipig aorta were examined for their inhibitory activity on thrombin and for their thrombin generating capacity.Endothelial cells showed both a thrombin inhibition and an activation of prothrombin in the presence of Ca++, which was enhanced in the presence of phospholipids. Smooth muscle cells showed an activation of prothrombin but at a lower rate. Both coagulation and amidolytic micro-assays were suitable for studying the thrombin-vessel wall interaction.

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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Inhibit the Plasminogen Activators Secreted by Endothelial Cells

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661265 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 53 (02) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Walter E Laug

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Plasminogen Activators ◽

Bovine Endothelial Cells

SummaryTPure cultures of bovine endothelial cells (EC) produce and secrete large amounts of plasminogen activators (PA). Cocultivation of EC with vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) resulted in a significant decrease of PA activities secreted by the EC, whereas the cellular PA activities remained unaffected. Secreted PA activities were absent in the growth medium as long as the SMC to EC ratio was 2:1 or higher. The PA inhibitory activity of the SMC was rapid and cell-to-cell contact was not necessary.The PA inhibitory activity was present in homogenates of SMC as well as in the medium conditioned by them but not in the extracellular matrix elaborated by these cells. Serum free medium conditioned by SMC neutralized both tissue type (t-PA) and urokinase like (u-PA) plasminogen activators. Gel electrophoretic analysis of SMC conditioned medium followed by reverse fibrin autography demonstrated PA inhibitory activities in the molecular weight (Mr) range of 50,000 to 52,000 similar to those present in media conditioned by bovine endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Regular fibrin zymography of SMC conditioned medium incubated with u-PA or t-PA revealed the presence of a component with a calculated approximate Mr of 45,000 to 50,000 which formed SDS resistant complexes with both types of PA.These data demonstrate that vascular SMC produce and secrete (a) inhibitor(s) of PAs which may influence the fibrinolytic potential of EC.

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