scholarly journals Incarceration and Sexual Risk: Examining the Relationship Between Men’s Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and Risky Sexual Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2703-2714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea K. Knittel ◽  
Rachel C. Snow ◽  
Derek M. Griffith ◽  
Jeffrey Morenoff
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Men’S Involvement

scholarly journals Mental health provision for young offenders: service use and cost

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Barrett ◽  
Sarah Byford ◽  
Prathiba Chitsabesan ◽  
Cassandra Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe full costs of accommodating and supporting young people in the criminal justice system are unknown. There is also concern about the level of mental health needs among young offenders and the provision of appropriate mental health services.AimsTo estimate the full cost of supporting young people in the criminal justice system in England and Wales and to examine the relationship between needs, service use and cost.MethodCross-sectional survey of 301 young offenders, 151 in custody and 150 in the community, conducted in six geographically representative areas of England and Wales.ResultsMental health service use was low despite high levels of need, particularly in the community Monthly costs were significantly higher among young people interviewed in secure facilities than in the community ($4645 v. $ 1863; P < 0.001). Younger age and a depressed mood were associated with greater costs.ConclusionsYoung people in the criminal justice system are a significant financial burden not only on that system but also on social services, health and education. The relationship between cost and depressed mood indicates a role for mental health services in supporting young offenders, particularly those in the community.

scholarly journals Reduced Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons With HIV After Release From the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne E Biondi ◽  
Cynthia Frank ◽  
Brady P Horn ◽  
Sandra A Springer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hiv Viral Suppression

Abstract Background HIV prevalence is 3 times greater for those in the criminal justice system than the general population, with an assumed increase in sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) postrelease. HIV viral suppression impacts HIV transmission; however, studies of SRBs among persons with HIV leaving the criminal justice system are limited, and no studies have examined viral suppression in relation to SRBs in persons leaving the criminal justice system. Methods Data were examined from 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of extended-release naltrexone among persons with HIV and alcohol use or opioid use disorder. Participants self-reported sexual activity, including number of sexual partners, sex type, and condom use. HIV viral suppression was evaluated prerelease and at 6 months. Results Thirty days before incarceration, 60% reported having sex compared with 41% and 46%, respectively, at months 1 and 6 postrelease. The number of sex partners and sexual intercourse events decreased from pre-incarceration to months 1 and 6 postrelease. Condom use increased but was not statistically significant. Of the 11 (9.7%) who reported having sex without a condom 1 month postrelease, only 2 did not have viral suppression (VS; HIV VL &lt;200 copies/mL), whereas the 7 (6.5%) who reported SRBs at 6 months all had VS. Conclusions After release, SRBs decreased, and among those who reported SRBs, most were virally suppressed, and thus risk of transmitting HIV was low.

The Relationship Between Experiences With the Criminal Justice System and Mental Health Outcomes Among Survivors of Homicide

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Milman ◽  
Joah L. Williams ◽  
Kaitlin Bountress ◽  
Alyssa A. Rheingold
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Homicide Survivors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Homicide survivors are at increased risk for mental health disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complicated grief (CG). Accordingly, this survey study examined how satisfaction with the criminal justice system (CJS) was associated with depression, PTSD, and CG among 47 homicide survivors. It also examined how satisfaction with specific aspects of the CJS related to satisfaction with the overall CJS. Satisfaction with the overall CJS was uniquely associated with depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.16, 4.66]) while satisfaction with the police department was uniquely associated with CG (OR = 2.14; 95% CI [1.02, 4.47]). Satisfaction with having input into the CJS process and satisfaction with efforts devoted by the CJS to apprehend the perpetrator were uniquely related to satisfaction with the overall CJS (β = .49, p = .003 and β = .40, p = .007, respectively).

PENDEKATAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PADA SISTEM PEMIDANAAN DAN PUTUSAN PERKARA KORUPSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Mahrus Ali
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Rights Violation

This juridical normative and empirical study is conducted with the aim at analyzing the relationship between corruption and human rights violation. Two issues shall be discussed, i.e. what factors inhibits the use of human right approach in corruption cases and what changes can be made to the criminal justice system, especially in relation to the penal judgement. One factor inhibiting the use of a human right approach in handling corruption cases in the perspective of treating corruption as pure criminal act wholly unrelated to violation of human rights.  To rectify this situation and accommodate this human right approach, the author recommends to prioritize and use fine which basic value is social welfare.  Court decision in corruption cases, in addition, should when evaluating elements of crime charges, explicitly describe those rights of the victims which are violated and use this consideration in determining what penal sanction are to be given. 

Predictors of satisfaction with Kenya’s police and Kenya’s criminal justice system: Results from a sample of Kenyan college students

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K Pryce ◽  
George Wilson ◽  
Kenethia Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
The Relationship

Although the influence of procedural justice on citizens’ satisfaction and cooperation with police has been tested in several geopolitical contexts, this is the first study to examine the relationship between procedural justice and satisfaction with Kenya’s police and Kenya’s criminal justice system on a Kenyan college campus. Using a sample of 523 students from a prominent Kenyan university, we found that procedural justice and officer integrity predicted satisfaction with both Kenya’s police and criminal justice system. Also, more highly educated students (sophomores, juniors, and seniors, compared to freshmen) were more satisfied with both the Kenyan police and criminal justice system. Conversely, victims of crime in the community were less satisfied with Kenyan police, and students who had a negative personal experience with police were less satisfied with the country’s criminal justice system. Although instrumental factors of policing (e.g., police effectiveness) were not tested in this study, thus precluding a comparative assessment of normative and instrumental models of policing, this study contributes to the extant literature by pointing out the salience of procedural justice and officer integrity for improving the relationship between the police and the communities they are sworn to serve. The study’s implications for policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Ability-Enhancing Practices and Organisational Performance: Does Justice Perception Moderate the Relationship in The Context of Police Force in Nigeria?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu Owoeye ◽  
David Kiiru ◽  
Jedidah Muli
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Justice Perception ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The knowledge, skills, and abilities constituting employee characteristics are often described as the capacity needed by a firm to attain competitive advantage which in turn occasions performance outcomes at various firm’s levels. While evidence of significant and insignificant relationships between ability-enhancing practices and performance outcomes at firm’s levels has been registered across organisational contexts in human resource management literature, such evidence remains limited and anecdotal in the context of criminal justice system in Nigeria. Using a survey data from 321 police officers, this study investigated the interactional effect of justice perception on the relationship between ability-enhancing practices and performance of police force in Nigeria. The study adopted both descriptive and explanatory designs, and the study instruments were adapted. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were determined via Principal Component Analysis, and thereafter data collected were analysed employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the aid of analytical tool of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The moderating effect of justice perception was established using PROCESS macro and the results were interpreted using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach for determining mediation effect. The results of the analysis revealed that the performance of police force in Nigeria was predicted by composite construct of ability enhancing practices, and the relationship was completely moderated by justice perception. The results also revealed significant effects of rigorous recruitment and selection, and coaching on performance of police force, however, insignificant effects of job rotation and mentoring practices were found with performance of police force in Nigeria. The study contributes to the body of empirical knowledge that individual’s perception of fairness of the implemented organisational systems to enhance employee knowledge, skills, and abilities is vital to the attainment of favourable performance outcomes. The institution of Criminal Justice System can leverage on the findings of this study to improve human capital development so as to attain desired performance outcomes.

Autism, sexual offending, and the criminal justice system

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Clark Mogavero
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
Deviant Sexual Behavior

Purpose There has been growing concern among stakeholders about individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and sex offending as research supports an indirect association. The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, bring more awareness of the sexuality and deviant/criminal sexual behavior among those with ASD to stakeholders in the criminal justice system (CJS); second, demonstrate that much of the deviant or sexual offending behavior exhibited among those with ASD is often a manifestation of their ASD symptoms and not malice; and third, demonstrate the necessity to address specific needs of individuals with ASD who enter the CJS due to criminal sexual behavior. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides an overview of the ASD symptomology, including the diagnostic changes, a review of the literature on ASD and sexuality, which includes deviant sexual behavior and sexual offending. Findings The author linked examples of deviant or sexual behavior in the research literature to the ASD symptomology and described how the symptomology explains such behavior. Originality/value Sexual offending among those with ASD has received little research outside the mental health field. This review is of particular importance to those in the CJS unfamiliar with ASD, as they should handle them differently with regard to formal interviewing, measures of competency, capacity, and sentencing.

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