High HIV Prevalence among Men who have Sex with Men in a Time-Location Sampling Survey, São Paulo, Brazil

Data from 23 European countries show that the annual number of HIV diagnoses in men who have sex with men (MSM) increased by 86% between 2000 and 2006. This paper reports the main preliminary results of a bio-behavioural survey in MSM with a specific focus on HIV prevalence and use of United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) indicators in six cities in Southern and Eastern Europe. Time-location sampling (TLS) was used. A total number of 2,356 questionnaires and 2,241 oral fluid samples were collected (invalid samples 4.1%). The data show different socio-demographic patterns across countries regarding age, level of education, living conditions, living area and self-identity. Southern European cities had the highest percentage of people who had tested for HIV and collected the result. More than 50% of respondents in the sample from Barcelona reported having used a condom last time they had anal sex (57.2%), whilst in all other cities this proportion was below 50%. The cities with the highest HIV prevalence in MSM were Barcelona (17.0%) and Verona (11.8%) whilst lower percentages were reported in Bratislava (6.1%), Bucharest (4.6%), Ljubljana (5.1%) and Prague (2.6%). The low prevalence in Eastern European cities is encouraging. However, with the level of high-risk sexual behaviour documented and the lower frequency of HIV test seeking behaviour, there is a clear risk of an increase in HIV transmission.

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HIV prevalence and related risk factors among male sex workers in Shenzhen, China: results from a time-location sampling survey

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sti.2009.037440 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

W.-D. Cai ◽

J. Zhao ◽

J.-K. Zhao ◽

H. F. Raymond ◽

Y.-J. Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Male Sex Workers ◽

Related Risk ◽

Male Sex ◽

Time Location Sampling ◽

Sampling Survey

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HIV PREVALENCE AMONG VULNERABLE GROUPS IN RUSSIA - RESULTS OF AN INTEGRATED BIO-BEHAVIORAL SURVEY

Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology ◽

10.36233/0372-9311-2018-6-10-18 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 10-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. L. Plavinskiy ◽

N. N. Ladnaya ◽

E. E. Zaytseva ◽

A. N. Barinova

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Drug Users ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Time Location Sampling

Aim. Of the study is to assess HIV prevalence in the vulnerable groups namely injecting drug users (IDU), sex workers (SW), and men who have sex with men (MSM) in some of the largest Russian regiоnal capitals mostly affected by HIV infection. Materials and methods. The study involved 3744 persons from vulnerable groups enrolled by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) or time-location sampling (TLS). The study was undertaken in seven regions of the Russian Federation: Moscow, St.-Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Perm. All participants were interviewed using specially designed questionnaire and then tested for HIV. The retrospective cohort method was applied to evaluate the number of new HIV cases among respondents. Results. HIV prevalence in IDUs ranged from 48.10% [95% confidence interval (CI)=42.20.54.10%] in Krasnoyarsk and 75.20% [95%CI=69.90.80.60%] in Kemerovo. HIV prevalence among sex workers varied from 2.32% [95%CI=0.49.4.17%] in St. Petersburg to 15.01% [95%CI=11.46.18.56%] in Perm. HIV prevalence among MSM ranged from 7.10% [95%CI=4.10.10.10%] in Moscow to 22.80% [95%CI=17.90.27.70%] in St.-Petersburg. Conclusion. The number of new HIV infections estimated by the retrospective cohort method indicated rapid spread of HIV infection among IDUs in all cities except St.-Petersburg, relatively high HIV growth rates among MSM ranging from 1.6% per year [95%CI=0.1... 3.1%] to 4.6% per year [95%CI=0.0... 11%] and 12.3% annual HIV growth rate [95%CI=0.0... 28.3%] among sex workers. Generally, the situation in the studied groups remained adverse and called for more intensive prevention activities in vulnerable populations.

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The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v14010073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Samira Chuffi ◽

Michele S. Gomes-Gouvêa ◽

Luciana V. B. Casadio ◽

Ana Catharina S. S. Nastri ◽

Mario P. Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Adult Population ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

European Countries ◽

São Paulo ◽

Acute Hepatitis A ◽

Sex With Men ◽

North And South America ◽

North And South

Outbreaks of hepatitis A may occur in countries of medium and high socioeconomic levels in which the population generally exhibits an increased susceptibility in young adults to this infection if they are not vaccinated against the hepatitis A virus (HAV). In Europe, an outbreak involved approximately 22 European countries with 4475 cases reported from 2016 to 2018; most of them were men who have sex with men (MSM). This outbreak expanded to North and South America, including Brazil, particularly in São Paulo city with 1547 reported cases from 2016 to 2019. In the present study, we characterized the HAV strains involved in the acute hepatitis A cases identified in the reference centers of São Paulo city during this outbreak. A total of 51 cases with positive anti-HAV IgM were included, 80.4% male, 68.6% of them between 20 and 40 years old and 41.7% MSM. HAV RNA was detected in 92% (47/51) of the cases. Subgenotype IA of HAV was identified and most of the strains were closely related to that isolated in outbreaks that occurred in different European countries in 2016. These results showed the epidemiological relation between these outbreaks and reinforce the need to implement vaccination against hepatitis A for the adult population, particularly for a population with a high-risk behavior.

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