scholarly journals The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Samira Chuffi ◽  
Michele S. Gomes-Gouvêa ◽  
Luciana V. B. Casadio ◽  
Ana Catharina S. S. Nastri ◽  
Mario P. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
European Countries ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Outbreaks of hepatitis A may occur in countries of medium and high socioeconomic levels in which the population generally exhibits an increased susceptibility in young adults to this infection if they are not vaccinated against the hepatitis A virus (HAV). In Europe, an outbreak involved approximately 22 European countries with 4475 cases reported from 2016 to 2018; most of them were men who have sex with men (MSM). This outbreak expanded to North and South America, including Brazil, particularly in São Paulo city with 1547 reported cases from 2016 to 2019. In the present study, we characterized the HAV strains involved in the acute hepatitis A cases identified in the reference centers of São Paulo city during this outbreak. A total of 51 cases with positive anti-HAV IgM were included, 80.4% male, 68.6% of them between 20 and 40 years old and 41.7% MSM. HAV RNA was detected in 92% (47/51) of the cases. Subgenotype IA of HAV was identified and most of the strains were closely related to that isolated in outbreaks that occurred in different European countries in 2016. These results showed the epidemiological relation between these outbreaks and reinforce the need to implement vaccination against hepatitis A for the adult population, particularly for a population with a high-risk behavior.

Clinical and virological features of acute hepatitis A during an ongoing outbreak among men who have sex with men in the North of France

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Boucher ◽  
Agnes Meybeck ◽  
Kazali Alidjinou ◽  
Thomas Huleux ◽  
Nathalie Viget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
The North ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesSince February 2017, an increase of acute hepatitis A (AHA) cases has been notified in North of France. We aimed to report clinical and virological features of 49 cases treated in three hospitals in Lille European Metropolis (LEM).MethodsAll adult patients treated for AHA in 3 LEM hospitals between 20 February and 5 July 2017 were included. Demographic characteristics, exposure risk factors to hepatitis A virus (HAV), AHA manifestations and concomitant sexually transmitted infections (STI) were retrospectively recorded.ResultsForty-nine cases of AHA were diagnosed among which 34 (69%) were hospitalised. Severe AHA occurred in 7 (14%) patients. The median age of cases was 36 years. All cases except 1 were men and 32 (65%) were identified as men having sex with men (MSM). Eleven (23%) patients were HIV-infected, 5 were under HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 6 had a history of HIV postexposure prophylaxis and 19 had a history of at least one STI. Only three patients had received HAV vaccine. Proportion of patients tested for syphilis, chlamydial and gonococcal infections was 75% (18/24) in those seen by sexual health specialists and 21% (6/29) in those seen by other specialists. At least one concomitant STI was diagnosed in 13 out of 24 tested patients (54%). RT-PCR sequencing was available for 38 cases and confirmed co-circulation of 3 different strains of subgenotype IA (VRD 521 2016: n=24, RIVM-HAV16-090: n=13, V16-25801: n=1), already identified in several European countries.ConclusionsWe are facing an outbreak of AHA among MSM in the North of France with a high rate of hospitalisation. Analysis of cases highlighted missed opportunities of vaccination and lack of concomitant STI screening. Awareness among healthcare providers and MSM should be increased and HAV vaccination promoted.

scholarly journals Anti-hepatitis A virus frequency in adolescents at an outpatient clinic in São Paulo, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Saraiva Dinelli ◽  
Mauro Fisberg ◽  
Maria Isabel de Moraes-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Two Age Groups

The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies was assessed in adolescents (age ranging from 10.4 to 19.9 years) at an Adolescent Outpatient Clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. Anti-HAV was detected in 137 (54.2%) out of 253 individuals. When separated into two age groups, anti-HAV frequency was higher in the 15 to 19 year-old group (64%) in comparison to the 10 to 14 year-old group (46%) (Chi-square test: p = 0.004). These results suggest that adolescents in São Paulo are at risk of hepatitis A infection and are probably contracting HAV infection during this age period.

scholarly journals Male-Dominant Hepatitis A Outbreak Observed among Non-HIV-Infected Persons in the Northern Part of Tokyo, Japan

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Masayuki Honda ◽  
Hiroyuki Asakura ◽  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Yoshiko Somura ◽  
Tomotaka Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men

Recently, we experienced an outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection between 2018 and 2020. Herein, we describe this male-dominant HAV infection outbreak observed among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in the northern part of Tokyo, Japan. Clinical information was collected from patient interviews and from medical record descriptions. In the present study, 21 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 90.4 and 33.3% of patients were males, and men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively. The total bilirubin levels and platelet counts tended to be lower in the MSM group than in the non-MSM group. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels tended to be higher in acute liver failure (ALF) patients than in non-ALF patients. Prolonged cholestasis was observed in one patient (4.8%). We also found that 18 HAV isolates belonged to HAV subgenotype IA/subgroup 13 (S13), which clustered with the HAV isolate (KX151459) that was derived from an outbreak of HAV infection among MSM in Taiwan in 2015. Our results suggest that the application of antivirals against HAV, as well as HAV vaccines, would be useful for the treatment and prevention of severe HAV infection.

scholarly journals Outbreak of acute hepatitis A associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in North Sardinia 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bazzardi ◽  
Elena Dore ◽  
Massimo Ciccozzi ◽  
Alessia Lai ◽  
Margherita Pisanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: We describe an outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) which evolved in Sassari (Italy), between January 2017 and December 2018, close to a contextual of large concurrent hepatitis A outbreak reported in Europe and recently, in Italy. Methodology: HAV RNA detection and molecular characterization was performed from serum samples and/or stool by RT - PCR of VP1/2A junction region that ranges from nt. 2,873 to nt. 3,376. The phylogenetic correlation of the circulating hepatitis A strains was assessed by sequencing method according to the HAVNET protocol. Results: 10 Acute Hepatitis A virus (AHA)-positive cases, 8 of which were among men who have sex with men (MSM) were identified. All patients were tested at the time of hospitalization for the presence of anti-HIV antibodies, only two MSM resulted co-infected by HIV. No differences were observed in median age (37 years vs. 41 years, P-value = 0.14), severity or duration of hospitalization between seropositive and HIV-negative men. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in 2 cases and revealed two distinct sequences of genotype IA linking to clusters recognized in MSM in other European countries in 2016. Conclusion: Our study reported a recent increase of notified hepatitis A cases attributable to cases in the European interconnectedness of MSM in Sassari, a small locality. Hepatitis A vaccination for MSM in Sardinia region is recommended; however, our data emphasize the need of hepatitis A screening and vaccination not only for MSM with occasional partners but also for those in monogamous relationships.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study on occurrence of adenoviruses and hepatitis A virus in raw domestic sewage in the city of Limeira, São Paulo

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Medici Barrella ◽  
Patrícia Garrafa ◽  
Telma Alves Monezi ◽  
Charlotte Marianna Hársi ◽  
Cleber Salvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The City

History and Perspectives of the Left

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Peter Winn
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The University ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

The formal title of this three day public conference at the University of São Paulo, August 13–15, 2003, was “History and Perspectives of the Left,” but the infratext for this gathering of scholars, analysts and activists from four continents—Europe, Africa, North and South America—was what are the lessons from the experience of the Left in government elsewhere that the new leftist government in Brazil and its leading party—the Workers Party (PT)—should keep in mind? This was underscored in the formal introductions and welcomes of the sponsors: the PT's Fundação Perseo Abramo, the French Socialist party's Fundacion Jean Juares, the University of São Paulo and the office of the PT mayor of São Paulo, Marta Suplicy. As her secretary for international relations, Keld Jakobsen, stressed: this is the first time that the Brazilian left has the opportunity to govern their country and it is important that they do it well. For that reason, it is also important that they learn from other experiences of the left in government.

Acute hepatitis A infection after hepatitis A immunity in a HIV-positive individual

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Jie Lee ◽  
Sam Douthwaite ◽  
Ranjababu Kulasegaram
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Positive Individual ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men

Hepatitis A is a self-limiting infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), transmitted predominantly by the faecal–oral route including some sexual practices. Outbreaks are commonly reported in the men who have sex with men (population. Previous exposure is thought to provide life-long immunity against subsequent infections with the development of an HAV IgG response. This paper reports a case of acute Hepatitis A infection, despite evidence of a previously positive Hepatitis A IgG results in an HIV-positive individual.

scholarly journals Outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in Taiwan, June 2015 to September 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Chin Chen ◽  
Po-Hsun Chiang ◽  
Yu-Hsin Liao ◽  
Lin-Ching Huang ◽  
Ying-Jung Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were notified of increasing acute hepatitis A (AHA) in June 2015. Serum and/or stool from AHA patients and sewage samples were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV). We defined outbreak cases as AHA patients with illness onset after June 2015 and with an HAV sequence less than 0.5% different from that of the TA-15 outbreak strain. We analysed characteristics and food exposures between outbreak and non-outbreak cases between January 2014 (start of enhanced surveillance) and February 2016. From June 2015 to September 2017, there were 1,563 AHA patients with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range (IQR): 26–38); the male-to-female ratio was 8.8 and 585 (37%) had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TA-15 was detected in 82% (852/1,033) of AHA patients, and 14% (74/540) of sewage samples tested since July 2015. Infection with the TA-15 strain was associated with having HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), recent oral-anal sex and men who have sex with men (MSM). The Taiwan CDC implemented an HAV vaccine campaign starting from October 2016 where 62% (15,487/24,879) of people at risk were vaccinated against HAV. We recommend HAV vaccination for at-risk populations and continuous surveillance to monitor control measures.

A Comparative Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Total Proteins and Immunoglobulins in Patients with Hepatitis A and Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1128
Author(s):  
Daniela G. Balan ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Iulia I. Stanescu ◽  
Dorin Ionescu ◽  
Andra Elena Stroescu Balcangiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A

Assessment of changes in total proteins level, serum and saliva IgG and IgA levels, serum IgM level, serum and saliva IgA/IgG ratio. The study was conducted on a group of 40 subjects, divided into 2 lots: the first lot consisting of 20 healthy individuals and the second consisting of 20 patients with hepatitis with hepatitis A virus (HAV). The levels of total proteins, serum and saliva IgG and IgA, serum IgM and serum and saliva IgA/IgG ratio have higher values in patients with hepatitis A, in comparison to healthy subjects, without necessarily exceeding the maximum admitted value. The results are significant from a statistical point of view. Due to the sensitivity and specificity of salivary anti-HAV IgM and IgG in patients with acute hepatitis A, compared with healthy subjects, there is a possibility of using salivary immunological tests instead of serum tests for the diagnosis and epidemiological study of HAV infection.

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