scholarly journals Sustainability, cooperation and mobility of workers within and between European countries: a two-stage goal programming model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Liuzzi ◽  
Veronica Lupi ◽  
Aymeric Vié
Keyword(s):  
Goal Programming ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Goal Programming Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Gp Model

Abstract Facing multiple and often considered as conflicting stakes, either economical, migratory, or environmental, policy-making may struggle to identify and implement relevant policy action allowing for balanced and joint completion of such challenges. Addressing this important public issue, we develop a multi-criteria two-stage Goal Programming (GP) model to identify optimal policy paths towards the Europe 2020 strategy on economic growth, employment levels and environmental sustainability. The model is calibrated on current contributions of economic sectors in all European countries to each policy objective: contribution to economic output (GDP), emissions of Green House Gas, electric consumption and number of jobs. First, we study the optimal allocation of workers within economic sectors of each European country to maximize the joint achievement of Europe 2020 multi criteria sustainability targets. We then extend the model to allow cooperation between states, namely allowing internal migrations of workers between countries. We highlight how supranational allocation schemes of surplus workers improve the satisfaction of national sustainability objectives. Finally, we consider extra-European migrants regional integration and study the consequences of such opening over EU2020 targets satisfaction and per capita GDP. Simulation results highlight countries performance comparison, and sheds light on significant benefits from such cooperation for the majority of countries. Improved integration of internal and external workforce generally improves the achievement of EU2020 objectives, while keeping per capita GDP at least constant. Moreover, we expose the relevance of cooperative work-flows allocation strategies across Europe and emphasize the importance of workers mobility in order to ensure more sustainable common development.

scholarly journals Global warming has increased global economic inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9808-9813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Diffenbaugh ◽  
Marshall Burke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Historical Temperature

Understanding the causes of economic inequality is critical for achieving equitable economic development. To investigate whether global warming has affected the recent evolution of inequality, we combine counterfactual historical temperature trajectories from a suite of global climate models with extensively replicated empirical evidence of the relationship between historical temperature fluctuations and economic growth. Together, these allow us to generate probabilistic country-level estimates of the influence of anthropogenic climate forcing on historical economic output. We find very high likelihood that anthropogenic climate forcing has increased economic inequality between countries. For example, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) has been reduced 17–31% at the poorest four deciles of the population-weighted country-level per capita GDP distribution, yielding a ratio between the top and bottom deciles that is 25% larger than in a world without global warming. As a result, although between-country inequality has decreased over the past half century, there is ∼90% likelihood that global warming has slowed that decrease. The primary driver is the parabolic relationship between temperature and economic growth, with warming increasing growth in cool countries and decreasing growth in warm countries. Although there is uncertainty in whether historical warming has benefited some temperate, rich countries, for most poor countries there is >90% likelihood that per capita GDP is lower today than if global warming had not occurred. Thus, our results show that, in addition to not sharing equally in the direct benefits of fossil fuel use, many poor countries have been significantly harmed by the warming arising from wealthy countries’ energy consumption.

The long-run sustainability of the European Union countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymeric Vié ◽  
Cinzia Colapinto ◽  
Davide La Torre ◽  
Danilo Liuzzi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Optimal Allocations

Purpose Energy and environmental concerns have gained a significant role in public policy agenda as well as in energy economics literature. As policies often rely on imprecise information on data and goals, fuzzy goal programming (FGP) modeling is a relevant choice to evaluate multi-criteria sustainability. This technique is suitable for the analysis of the Europe 2020 strategy plan dealing with several possibly conflicting objectives in economy, environment, energy and employment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a FGP model for sustainable implementations for all European Union (EU) countries with respect to Europe 2020 policy goals and provides insights for decision makers to better satisfy conflicting criteria by suggesting optimal allocations of workers in several economic sectors. Findings The analysis shows an overall great performance of European Union countries in the environmental and social criteria and outlines the needs for significant additional policy measures to reduce energy consumption while increasing the economic output. Comparing the performance of countries within the European Union between those who adopted the euro and those who maintained national currencies shows that Euro countries tend to perform worse in terms of Europe 2020 sustainability, opening opportunities for further research to better investigate on the causes and determinants of these differences. Originality/value The paper presents a conceptual model of sustainable development that improves understanding of the concept and reconciles highly competing policy objectives in a common framework. Applying this model to all European Union countries offers both comparison and policy recommendations at a large new scale.

A Chance Constrained Approach on Goal Programming Model to Evaluate Transportation Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 3146-3152
Author(s):  
Dame Ifa ◽  
Opim Salim Sitompul ◽  
Sutarman ◽  
Esther Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Goal Programming ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Project Selection ◽  
Chance Constrained Programming ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Goal Programming Model ◽  
Gp Model

Chance Constrained Programming (CCP) as one of the special parts of mathematical programming in which its application in industrial and academic fields is currently needed to cover the problem of uncertainty in making decisions. The CCP technique is an efficient and easy tool to apply for data involved to random parameters by assuming random parameters must follow a stable normal distribution. In selection process, budget goal, making the most benefits, and achieving minimum travel are considered as a random parameter and solved by using CCP. Goal Programming (GP) model, will be used to model the rail system transportation project selection process, because allocating resources into all projects at the same time requires multi-criteria decision making techniques. The use of the CCP in the GP model provides flexibility in determining the level of opportunity to avoid mistakes in making decisions on the objective function. In other words, the reliability of random parameters can be considered more flexible in detail. In addition, the deviation variable in GP can give more information to decision makers to consider project selection. The results obtained indicate a balance between the use of the budget and the costs, including achieving the minimum risk evaluated in the AHP So that in this model the evaluation of transportation planning for social, economic impacts and the effectiveness of the use of the budget can be optimized properly.

scholarly journals To Spend or Not To Spend? An Empirical Analysis of the Fundamental Role of State Governments in Economic Output

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Stephen Holt ◽  
Matt McCreary ◽  
Lindsay Haslebacher
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Party Control ◽  
Per Capita

Amidst an economic recession and a long period of high rates of unemployment, the appropriate role of government expenditures in creating economic growth has become a major feature in current political discourse at both the federal and state level. This article uses an endogenous growth model to examine the fundamental relationship of state-level government spending and per capita GDP. Specifically, the analysis uses state-level data covering a six-year period controlling for state workforce characteristics, distribution of industrial activities, and tax revenue sources to develop a working model of state economies. The analysis found that state government spending had a positive, statistically significant effect on per capita GDP. The marginal return in per capita GDP for an additional dollar per capita of public expenditure was found to be between $1.89 and $2.39. In addition, indicator variables for political party in power were added to examine correlations between political party control and economic outcomes. The political party in power had no significant effect on GDP. The positive, statistically significant correlation between GDP and public expenditures alongside political variables with no significant effect on GDP indicates specific policies implemented by state governments may have more explanatory power of economic output than political party control.

International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Gdp Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.

Long Run Money Neutrality: The Case of Guatemala

2005 ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Neutrality Test ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The Fisher and Seater (1993) methodology is used to test for the long run neutrality of money in Guatemala, 1950-2001. Real GDP, real per capita GDP, and the money measures, M1 and M2, are integrated of order one [1(1)]. Given these orders of integration, the Fisher-Seater neutrality test can be applied. The evidence suggests that M1 and M2 are neutral with respect to real GDP. Furthermore, the test indicates that M1, but not M2, is neutral with respect to real per capita GDP as well.

scholarly journals Do Military Expenditure and Conflict Affect Economic Growth in Sri Lanka? Evidence from the ARDL Bounds Test Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Sithy Jesmy ◽  
Mohd Zaini Abd Karim ◽  
Shri Dewi Applanaidu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Bounds Test

Conflicts in the form of civil war, ethnic tensions and political discord are of enduring concern and a major bottleneck to economic development in Sri Lanka. Three decades of civil war and unethical political culture have caused severe economic problems for the country, including slower rate of growth and a huge defence expenditure. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of military expenditure and conflict on per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka from 1973 to 2014 using the Solow growth model and ARDL bounds test approach. The results of the bounds test are highly significant and lead to cointegration. The negative and significant coefficients of the error correction term illustrate the expected convergence process in the long-run dynamic of per capita GDP. The estimated empirical results show that, the coefficients of military expenditure and conflict are negative and statistically significant in the short-run as well as in the long-run in determining per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka. Hence, it is critically important to take necessary action to decrease military expenditure and provide an efficient political solution to the problem of minorities, specifically in the post-war period.

scholarly journals A Multicriteria Goal Programming Model for Ranking Universities

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Fernando García ◽  
Francisco Guijarro ◽  
Javier Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Goal Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
World University Rankings ◽  
Goal Programming Model ◽  
Objective Quantification

This paper proposes the use of a goal programming model for the objective ranking of universities. This methodology has been successfully used in other areas to analyze the performance of firms by focusing on two opposite approaches: (a) one favouring those performance variables that are aligned with the central tendency of the majority of the variables used in the measurement of the performance, and (b) an alternative one that favours those different, singular, or independent performance variables. Our results are compared with the ranking proposed by two popular World University Rankings, and some insightful differences are outlined. We show how some top-performing universities occupy the best positions regardless of the approach followed by the goal programming model, hence confirming their leadership. In addition, our proposal allows for an objective quantification of the importance of each variable in the performance of universities, which could be of great interest to decision-makers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document