The long-run sustainability of the European Union countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymeric Vié ◽  
Cinzia Colapinto ◽  
Davide La Torre ◽  
Danilo Liuzzi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Optimal Allocations

Purpose Energy and environmental concerns have gained a significant role in public policy agenda as well as in energy economics literature. As policies often rely on imprecise information on data and goals, fuzzy goal programming (FGP) modeling is a relevant choice to evaluate multi-criteria sustainability. This technique is suitable for the analysis of the Europe 2020 strategy plan dealing with several possibly conflicting objectives in economy, environment, energy and employment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a FGP model for sustainable implementations for all European Union (EU) countries with respect to Europe 2020 policy goals and provides insights for decision makers to better satisfy conflicting criteria by suggesting optimal allocations of workers in several economic sectors. Findings The analysis shows an overall great performance of European Union countries in the environmental and social criteria and outlines the needs for significant additional policy measures to reduce energy consumption while increasing the economic output. Comparing the performance of countries within the European Union between those who adopted the euro and those who maintained national currencies shows that Euro countries tend to perform worse in terms of Europe 2020 sustainability, opening opportunities for further research to better investigate on the causes and determinants of these differences. Originality/value The paper presents a conceptual model of sustainable development that improves understanding of the concept and reconciles highly competing policy objectives in a common framework. Applying this model to all European Union countries offers both comparison and policy recommendations at a large new scale.

POLISH AGRICULTURE ENERGY INTENSITY WITH OTHER ECONOMIC SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Paulina Trębska ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The aim of this article is to assess the energy intensity of Polish agriculture with other sectors of the economy. The article also assesses the share of agriculture in final energy consumption in the European Union countries. The article uses secondary data from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT. The energy intensity of agriculture in Poland is decreasing and will continue to decline as changes in the agrarian structure and intensification of production in family-owned commodities grow. Comparing the energy intensity of the economy in EU member countries, it is much higher in newly-admitted countries than in EU-15 countries.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ECONOMIC POLICY UNDER THE EUROPE-2020 STRATEGY IN SMALL EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

Ekonomika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Banelienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Education ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Employment Education

Abstract. The evaluation criteria to measure the efficiency of a state’s economic policy in terms of integration processes in the European Union were determined in the Europe 2020 Strategy endorsed by the European Council in June 2010. According to the Strategy, the European Union has committed to seek progress in the fields of employment, investment in R&D, climate change and energy, education, and poverty reduction. With a view to assessing the economic impact of the above commitments by the European Union vis-a-vis small European Union countries, this article provides an evaluation of the three objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy – employment, education, and investment in R&D – and their impact on the economic growth in smaller countries of the European Union.This article concludes that many of the smaller European Union countries choose not to be ambitious enough in their national objectives of employment, education, and investment in R&D areas under the Europe 2020 Strategy and, during the 2011–2020 period, they show on average a 4.8% lower annual GDP growth than it could potentially be, i.e. they abandon far-reaching ambitious targets.Key words: economic policy, small European Union countries, Europe 2020 Strategy, employment, education, R&D

Efficiency of materials management in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Aneta Masternak-Janus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure and evaluate the efficiency of materials management in the European Union countries (EU-28) during the period of 2008–2017. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted using the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and variables applied to determine the resource productivity indicator. Therefore, the components of domestic material consumption constituted inputs in the DEA method, while gross domestic product (GDP) was applied as an output. Findings The results of the analysis showed that the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Latvia and the UK are the efficiency leaders among all the member states of the European Union. One of the least efficient countries is Poland, which uses too much natural resources in the process of generating goods and services. However, this consumption is growing at a slower rate than the value of GDP, which is beneficial from the point of view of sustainable development. Poland, like other inefficient countries, should reduce its consumption of natural resources in line with the best international practices. Practical implications The obtained research results can be a valuable source of information for decision-makers, and contribute to the adoption of more effective policies in order to improve the relationship between materials consumption and economic growth. Originality/value The application of the DEA method for calculating the efficiency of materials management represents a new approach, and it is the first attempt of its kind in the European Union countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Europe 2020 Strategy: A Multidimensional Indicator Analysis via Dynamic Relative Taxonomy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4990
Author(s):  
Marek Walesiak ◽  
Grażyna Dehnel ◽  
Marek Obrębalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

Since 2010, the European Union countries have been implementing the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy aimed at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. The Strategy formulates nine indicators that are systematically monitored and assessed. Not all the indicators of the Europe 2020 Strategy could be used in the analysis in a direct way. Due to the limited availability and comparability of statistical data, this problem is presented in detail in part 2 of the article. The assessment of the achievement level of the Europe 2020 Strategy targets, both at the level of the entire European Union (the EU-level targets approach) and its individual Member States (the national-level targets approach) is the primary research purpose of the study. The composite index proposed and constructed on the basis of a dynamic relative taxonomy was used in the conducted research to present the diversified distance of the individual European Union countries in relation to the EU-level targets as well as the national-level targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The research methodology allows conducting the analysis taking into account the missing data. Most methods of ordering objects based on aggregate measures are compensatory in nature. This problem was significantly reduced by taking into account the geometric mean in the construction of the aggregate measure. The research findings revealed that in the years 2010–2019 an ongoing improvement in the implementation of both the EU and the national targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy was observed. In addition, the differences existing between the European Union Member States were reduced. However, none of the countries achieved the EU-level targets. Their highest implementation level was recorded in Denmark, Sweden, Austria, and Finland. The achievement level of the strategic goals regarding the national-level targets was influenced by the choice of one of the two approaches indicated in the study and adopted by the individual EU Member States in determining the set target values of the indicators, i.e., either prudential or optimistic.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in the European Union Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Börke Tunalı ◽  
Naci Tolga Saruç
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries over the period 1995-2014. By using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Test (Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012) which is developed to test Granger causality in panel datasets (Lopez and Weber, 2017), it is found that there is a unidirectional relationship between these variables and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Granger causes health expenditure per capita. After determining the direction of the relationship between health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita we estimate the short run and the long run effects of GDP per capita on health expenditure per capita by using Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators which are developed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) and Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1999) respectively. According to the estimation results, GDP per capita has a positive effect on health expenditure per capita both in the short run and the long run.

scholarly journals Green jobs in the European Union countries – an empirical study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (319) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Fura ◽  
Marek Fura
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Jobs ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Eu

The article presents research results on the analysis of green jobs in the European Union countries with respect to selected indicators characterizing the member states. For the empirical analysis a regression model was applied. As a dependent variable a number of jobs in the renewable energy sector in 2012 per million inhabitants of the countries was used. In the linear regression model the explanatory variable was a share of expenditure on R&D in GDP [%]. Studies show that the increase in research and development expenditures have a real, measurable impact on the availability of green jobs in the EU countries. Research results were presented on the background of the strategy “Europe 2020”.

scholarly journals Smart Specialization of Workforce Structure in the European Union Countries – Dynamic Analysis Applying Shift-Share Analysis Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Smart Specialization

The objective of the hereby paper is to present dynamic analysis and assessment of workforce structure in the European Union countries based on structural and geographical shift-share analysis. Workforce structure in economic sectors, distinguished based on R&D work intensity in the European Union countries in the period of 2008-2010, was the subject of diversification and transformations assessment. Shift-share analysis enabled the decomposition of occurring changes into regional, structural and global effects as well as the identification of the, so called, allocation effect resulting in the classification of the studied countries with regard to combinations of local specialization and competitive advantages. The performed research also allowed for the identification different kinds of workforce structure characterized by smart specialization (significant share of workforce in high-tech manufacturing sector or high-tech services sector) and the assessment of generated structural and competitive effects.

scholarly journals Towards the Goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy: Convergence or Divergence of the European Union Countries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Szymańska ◽  
Elżbieta Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article is to investigate the similarities between the EU countries in terms of achieving the Europe 2020 Strategy goals. Due to the latest data availability, the analysis is based on the year 2014. The study uses grouping methods, including the k-means algorithm. The results indicate the existence of a division between the “old” and “new” European Union Member States. However, as is shown, some of the Strategy’s targets have already been achieved and some indicators have been nearly achieved, whereas among others, such as implementation of the headline indicator for investment in the R&D sector as a % of GDP is uncertain. The average performance of headline indicators for the EU–15 and EU–13 countries seems to be similar and exhibits the same trend of changes.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in the European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Börke Tunalı ◽  
Naci Tolga Saruç
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries over the period 1995-2014. By using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Test (Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012) which is developed to test Granger causality in panel datasets (Lopez and Weber, 2017), it is found that there is a unidirectional relationship between these variables and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Granger causes health expenditure per capita. After determining the direction of the relationship between health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita we estimate the short run and the long run effects of GDP per capita on health expenditure per capita by using Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators which are developed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) and Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1999) respectively. According to the estimation results, GDP per capita has a positive effect on health expenditure per capita both in the short run and the long run.

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