scholarly journals Breathing space: deoxygenation of aquatic environments can drive differential ecological impacts across biological invasion stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. E. Dickey ◽  
Neil E. Coughlan ◽  
Jaimie T. A. Dick ◽  
Vincent Médoc ◽  
Monica McCard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prey Populations

AbstractThe influence of climate change on the ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) remains understudied, with deoxygenation of aquatic environments often-overlooked as a consequence of climate change. Here, we therefore assessed how oxygen saturation affects the ecological impact of a predatory invasive fish, the Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), relative to a co-occurring endangered European native analogue, the bullhead (Cottus gobio) experiencing decline in the presence of the IAS. In individual trials and mesocosms, we assessed the effect of high, medium and low (90%, 60% and 30%) oxygen saturation on: (1) functional responses (FRs) of the IAS and native, i.e. per capita feeding rates; (2) the impact on prey populations exerted; and (3) how combined impacts of both fishes change over invasion stages (Pre-invasion, Arrival, Replacement, Proliferation). Both species showed Type II potentially destabilising FRs, but at low oxygen saturation, the invader had a significantly higher feeding rate than the native. Relative Impact Potential, combining fish per capita effects and population abundances, revealed that low oxygen saturation exacerbates the high relative impact of the invader. The Relative Total Impact Potential (RTIP), modelling both consumer species’ impacts on prey populations in a system, was consistently higher at low oxygen saturation and especially high during invader Proliferation. In the mesocosm experiment, low oxygen lowered RTIP where both species were present, but again the IAS retained high relative impact during Replacement and Proliferation stages at low oxygen. We also found evidence of multiple predator effects, principally antagonism. We highlight the threat posed to native communities by IAS alongside climate-related stressors, but note that solutions may be available to remedy hypoxia and potentially mitigate impacts across invasion stages.

scholarly journals Effects of global climate change on chlorophyll-a concentrations in a tropical aquatic system during a cyanobacterial bloom: a microcosm study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meirielle Euripa Pádua de Moura ◽  
Lorraine Dos Santos Rocha ◽  
João Carlos Nabout
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have investigated the impact of climate change on aquatic environments, and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is a quick and reliable variable for monitoring such changes. This study evaluated the impact of rainfall frequency as a diluting agent and the effect of increased temperature on Chl-a concentrations in eutrophic environments during a bloom of cyanobacteria. This was based on the hypothesis that the concentration of Chl-a will be higher in treatments in which the rainfall frequency is not homogeneous and that warmer temperatures predicted due to climate change should favor higher concentrations of Chl-a. The experiment was designed to investigate three factors: temperature, precipitation and time. Temperature was tested with two treatment levels (22°C and the future temperature of 25°C). Precipitation was tested with four treatments (no precipitation, a homogeneous precipitation pattern, and two types of concentrated precipitation patterns). Experiments were run for 15 days, and Chl-a concentration was measured every five days in each of the temperature and precipitation treatments. The water used in the microcosms was collected from a eutrophic lake located in Central Brazil during a bloom of filamentous cyanobacteria (Geilterinema amphibium). Chl-a levels were high in all treatments. The higher temperature treatment showed increased Chl-a concentration (F=10.343; P=0.002); however, the extreme precipitation events did not significantly influence Chl-a concentrations (F=1.198; P=0.326). Therefore, the study demonstrates that future climatic conditions (projected to 2100), such as elevated temperatures, may affect the primary productivity of aquatic environments in tropical aquatic systems.

The distributional impact of climate change on rich and poor countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN ◽  
ARIEL DINAR ◽  
LARRY WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Market Impacts ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Distributional Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

This paper examines the impact of climate change on rich and poor countries across the world. We measure two indices of the relative impact of climate across countries, impact per capita, and impact per GDP. These measures sum market impacts across the climate-sensitive economic sectors of each country. Both indices reveal that climate change will have serious distributional impact across countries, grouped by income per capita. We predict that poor countries will suffer the bulk of the damages from climate change. Although adaptation, wealth, and technology may influence distributional consequences across countries, we argue that the primary reason that poor countries are so vulnerable is their location. Countries in the low latitudes start with very high temperatures. Further warming pushes these countries ever further away from optimal temperatures for climate-sensitive economic sectors.

scholarly journals Does Climate Change Have Real Negative Impact on Economic Growth in Poor Countries? Evidence from Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Felix Fofana N’Zué ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of climate change on Cote d’Ivoire’s economic performance via per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth, change in agricultural value added, and change in the country’s cereal yield. The data ranged from 1960 to 2016. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to investigate the long run dynamics between climate variables (precipitation and temperature) and the country’s per capita GDP, agricultural value added as % of GDP, and cereal yield. We found that climate change has not significantly impacted the economic performance of the country. However, precipitation has been found to have positively and significantly influenced the country’s cereal yield and agricultural value added contribution to GDP at large, and thus there is no need to worry more than it is necessary.

Does green taxation drive countries towards the carbon efficiency frontier?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-509
Author(s):  
Tobias Böhmelt ◽  
Farzad Vaziri ◽  
Hugh Ward
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Efficiency Frontier ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA country is on thecarbon efficiency frontierif its per-capita emissions of CO2are at least as low as any state that was at least as economically developed at a period when technology was no more advanced. Building on earlier work employing Data Envelopment Analysis to benchmark performance, we argue that a useful measure of whether a state adopts “good practice” in relation to climate change is how near it is to this frontier. We calculate efficiency scores for a sample of developed countries between 1994 and 2011, and model the impact of green taxation, next to a series of political and economic controls, on performance. We find that higher levels of environmental tax revenue are positively and significantly associated with higher carbon efficiency. The central contributions of this research are the introduction of an innovative measure for environmental quality and assessing how this is driven by green taxation.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change in West Africa on Cereal Production Per Capita in 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7585
Author(s):  
Dimitri Defrance ◽  
Benjamin Sultan ◽  
Mathieu Castets ◽  
Adjoua Moise Famien ◽  
Christian Baron
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Food security is a crucial issue in the Sahel and could be endangered by climate change and demographic pressure during the 21st century. Higher temperatures and changes in rainfall induced by global warming are threatening rainfed agriculture in this region while the population is expected to increase approximately three-fold until 2050. Our study quantifies the impact of climate change on food security by combining climate modelling (16 models from CMIP5), crop yield (simulated by agronomic model, SARRA-O) and demographic evolution (provided by UN projection) under two future climatic scenarios. We simulate yield for the main crops in five countries in West Africa and estimate the population pressure on crop production to assess the number of available cereal production per capita. We found that, although uncertain, the African monsoon evolution leads to an increase of rainfall in Eastern Sahel and a decrease in Western Sahel under the RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario from IPCC, leading to the higher temperature increase by the end of the 21st century. With regard to the abundance of food for the inhabitants, all the scenarios in each country show that in 2050, local agricultural production will be below 50 kg per capita. This situation can have impact on crop import and regional migration.

scholarly journals The sensory impacts of climate change: bathymetric shifts and visually mediated interactions in aquatic species

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1949) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Caves ◽  
Sönke Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Ambient Illumination ◽  
Visual Interactions ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Visual perception is, in part, a function of the ambient illumination spectrum. In aquatic environments, illumination depends upon the water's optical properties and depth, both of which can change due to anthropogenic impacts: turbidity is increasing in many aquatic habitats, and many species have shifted deeper in response to warming surface waters (known as bathymetric shifts). Although increasing turbidity and bathymetric shifts can result in similarly large changes to a species' optical environment, no studies have yet examined the impact of the latter on visually mediated interactions. Here, we examine a potential link between climate change and visual perception, with a focus on colour. We discuss (i) what is known about bathymetric shifts; (ii) how the impacts of bathymetric shifts on visual interactions may be distributed across species; (iii) which interactions might be affected; and (iv) the ways that animals have to respond to these changes. As warming continues and temperature fluctuations grow more extreme, many species may move into even deeper waters. There is thus a need for studies that examine how such shifts can affect an organism's visual world, interfere with behaviour, and impact fitness, population dynamics, and community structure.

scholarly journals Análisis del impacto medioambiental derivado de las actividades económicas. Aplicación a una economía regional

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Flores ◽  
Alfredo J. Mainar
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Household Demand ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Leontief Model ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this paper is to analyse the households’ environmental impact in a regional economy, including the household direct impact as well as the impact associated with the production of goods and services of the household demand. Moreover, per capita ecological impacts for each household category according to income level are obtained. We focus on water consumption, and water and atmospheric pollution. The framework is based on a regional SAMEA (Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts), and vertically integrated environmental indicators using the Leontief model. An application is carried out for the Aragon case.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Kirchman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this chapter is to introduce the field of microbial ecology and some terms used in the rest of the book. Microbial ecology, which is the study of microbes in natural environments, is important for several reasons. Although most are beneficial, some microbes cause diseases of higher plants and animals in aquatic environments and on land. Microbes are also important because they are directly or indirectly responsible for the food we eat. They degrade pesticides and other pollutants contaminating natural environments. Finally, they are important in another “pollution” problem: the increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Because microbes are crucial for many biogeochemical processes, the field of microbial ecology is crucial for understanding the effect of greenhouse gases on the biosphere and for predicting the impact of climate change on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Even if the problem of climate change were solved, microbes would be fascinating to study because of the weird and wonderful things they do. The chapter ends by pointing out the difficulties in isolating and cultivating microbes in the laboratory. In many environments, less than one percent of all bacteria and other microbes can be grown in the laboratory. The cultivation problem has many ramifications for identifying especially viruses, bacteria, and archaea in natural environments, and for connecting up taxonomic information with biogeochemical processes.

How does biochar affect soil respiration?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kubaczyński ◽  
Anna Walkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Brzezińska ◽  
Bogusław Usowicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>Agricultural soils are an important landscape element in terms of climate change and this ecosystem is considered as a one of the major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Soil may be also a sink for GHGs, from this reason so many research projects are focused on determination of factors and conditions affecting gas exchange. Biochar is produced from biomass that has been pyrolysed in a zero or low oxygen availability. It is currently widely considered as a stable addition to the soil, which not only improve its fertility, but also can mitigate climate change. Considering landscape elements, the char also prevents carbon loss from forest soils. Higher microbial activity is usually associated with higher carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) production (soil respiration). One of the most important questions is how does biochar influence production of GHGs such as CO<sub>2</sub>? Which doses have a critical meaning for CO<sub>2</sub> emission? The aim of our study was to determine the effect of wide range doses of biochar (produced from sunflower husks) (from 1 to 100 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) to Haplic Luvisol soil from fallow fields. We investigated the changes of CO<sub>2</sub> emission during laboratory incubation using gas chromatography method. In short-term incubations soil respiration was positively correlated with increasing biochar dose, while during long-term (several years) observation, the impact of biochar dose on the amount of emitted CO<sub>2</sub> was not so significant. It is worthwhile to conduct short- term and long-term field studies in this area.</p><p>Research was partially conducted under the project “Water in soil - satellite monitoring and improving the retention using biochar” no. BIOSTRATEG3/345940/7/NCBR/2017 which was financed by Polish National Centre for Research and Development in the framework of “Environment, agriculture and forestry” - BIOSTRATEG strategic R&D programme.</p>

scholarly journals Prediction of changing climatic effect and risk management by using simulation approaches for rice-wheat system in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
MK Hasan ◽  
S Akhter ◽  
MAH Chowdhury ◽  
AK Chaki ◽  
MRA Chawdhery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

A study was carried out on the impact of climate change in rice-wheat systems on farmers’ livelihood in Dinajpur region of Bangladesh to evaluate the usefulness of the implication of simulation approaches to predict climate change effect and to manage risk for this cropping system. Trade-off analysis for multidimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD) model was used in the study with a combination of simulated baseline production and future simulated yield using Decision Support Systems for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) and Agricultural Production Systems SIMulator (APSIM) in rice and wheat production system. Five different climate scenarios of Global Circulation Models (GCMs) were considered. The projections showed to have a negative economic impact between 50 and 82% for the difference in the magnitude and in the impact of different GCMs which was not possible to overcome. The survey revealed that northwest region of Bangladesh is likely to be affected by climate change and has high levels of vulnerability due to limited access to alternative livelihood activities other than farming. Simulation results showed no additional economic gain from wheat cultivation under changed climatic conditions, but increased economic profit was obtained from rice cultivation due to increased productivity trend. Therefore, study suggests an adaptation package of 50 mm additional irrigation water for wheat cultivation that could be an appropriate strategy to mitigate climate change risk in wheat cultivation. This practice had a positive impact on projected per capita income gains of about 2.05%in the study area and reduced poverty rate by about 1.99%. The study also revealed that prediction of the APSIM model for adaptation impact of climate change on economic return and per capita income of farmers was superior to DSSAT model. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 311-326, June 2019

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