scholarly journals Base metal fluxes from fig trees to soil on Barro Colorado Island, Panama: potential contribution of the common frugivorous bat Artibeus jamaicensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Tobias Messmer ◽  
Matthias Wiggenhauser ◽  
Hilario Espinosa Ortega ◽  
Larissa Albrecht ◽  
Marco Tschapka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Metal ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fig Trees

scholarly journals No Evidence for Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection and Antibody-Mediated Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obdulio García-Nicolás ◽  
Philip V’kovski ◽  
Ferdinand Zettl ◽  
Gert Zimmer ◽  
Volker Thiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

Vaccines are essential to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to protect the vulnerable population. However, one safety concern of vaccination is the possible development of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential infection of Fc receptor bearing cells such as macrophages, would support continued virus replication and inflammatory responses, and thereby potentially worsen the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV neither infect human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) nor induce inflammatory cytokines in these cells, in sharp contrast to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and the common cold human coronavirus 229E. Furthermore, serum from convalescent COVID-19 patients neither induced enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor innate immune response in hMDM. Although, hMDM expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, no or very low levels of transmembrane protease serine 2 were found. These results support the view that ADE may not be involved in the immunopathological processes associated with COVID-19, however, more studies are necessary to understand the potential contribution of antibodies-virus complexes with other cells expressing FcR receptors.

scholarly journals No evidence for human monocyte-derived macrophage infection and antibody-mediated enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O García-Nicolás ◽  
P V’kovski ◽  
F Zettl ◽  
G Zimmer ◽  
V Thiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

AbstractVaccines are essential to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to protect the vulnerable population. However, one safety concern of vaccination is the possible development of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential infection of Fc receptor bearing cells such as macrophages, would support continued virus replication and inflammatory responses, and thereby potentially worsen the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 neither infect human monocyte-derived macrophages nor induce inflammatory cytokines in these cells, in sharp contrast to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and the common cold human coronavirus 229E. Furthermore, serum from convalescent COVID-19 patients neither induced enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor innate immune response in human macrophages. These results support the view that ADE may not be involved in the immunopathological processes associated with COVID-19, however, more studies are necessary to understand the potential contribution of antibodies-virus complexes with other cells expressing FcR receptors.

Teaching AAC in the Online Environment: Methods and Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Carole Zangari
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
Clinical Educators ◽  
The Face ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The Common

Abstract The evolution of online education has some parallels with the development of the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). It has taken some time for professionals in the broader fields of education, higher education, and speech-language pathology to seriously consider its potential contribution. Like AAC, online education was initially viewed with skepticism, but is now almost commonplace. In the face of data that affirm the effectiveness of online instruction, clinical educators are increasingly turning their attention to identifying and employing best practices to improve the learning outcomes of their students. The purpose of this article is to explore some of the common features of online education that hold promise for the AAC field. We also will discuss challenges faced by online instructors and strategies for addressing them.

On the ‘Common Core of European Administrative Laws’ Methodology (and European Tort Laws)

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Mauro Bussani
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common

The present chapter focuses on the methodology underlying the ‘Common Core of European Administrative Laws’ project in general, and its first research output on public authorities’ liability in particular. From this perspective, the chapter first introduces the current state of European tort law and the scholarly initiatives focusing on it, before presenting the basic outlines and distinctive features of the ‘Common Core’ approach and the rationale behind the three-level responses, which is one of the distinctive features of the whole project. The chapter thus sheds light on its potential contribution to European debates on public liability and comparative tort law.

Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. COTTONTAIL ◽  
N. WELLINGHAUSEN ◽  
E. K. V. KALKO
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Tropical Lowland Forest ◽  
The Common

SUMMARYAnthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatùn, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.

scholarly journals THE OCCURRENCE OF A RARE GENUS OE TICKS ON BATS IN PUERTO RICO (ACARINA: SPELAEORHYNCHIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Irving Fox
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
The Common

Since bats are the only living native land mammals of Puerto Rico, the author attempted a survey of their ectoparasites in hopes of finding new, indigenous species of mites, ticks, and fleas. During the course of this work it was discovered that the common fruit eating bat, Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis Leach, is parasitized by a tick in the unusual genus Spelaeorhynchus, not previously known to occur in Puerto Rico. No tick has heretofore been reported from bats in Puerto Rico, although previous efforts had been made to find them.

Catalogue reduction techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Astrometric Data

AbstractReduction techniques as applied to astrometric data material tend to split up traditionally into at least two different classes according to the observational technique used, namely transit circle observations and photographic observations. Although it is not realized fully in practice at present, the application of a blockadjustment technique for all kind of catalogue reductions is suggested. The term blockadjustment shall denote in this context the common adjustment of the principal unknowns which are the positions, proper motions and certain reduction parameters modelling the systematic properties of the observational process. Especially for old epoch catalogue data we frequently meet the situation that no independent detailed information on the telescope properties and other instrumental parameters, describing for example the measuring process, is available from special calibration observations or measurements; therefore the adjustment process should be highly self-calibrating, that means: all necessary information has to be extracted from the catalogue data themselves. Successful applications of this concept have been made already in the field of aerial photogrammetry.

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