The Influence of English Ability and Educational Methods on the Military Vehicles Operationalization for Cadets in the Army and Military Academy at Cavalry Educational Center, Padalarang, Indonesia

English skills are needed in the military field which always faces dynamic conditions. This research was intended to determine the relationship between English ability and educational methods used by military cadets at the Pusat Pendidikan Kavaleri on their ability to operate military vehicles. The method used is a quantitative method with population were all Army Secapa cadets and the Indonesian Army Military Academy who were currently studying at the Cavalry Education Center (Pusdik Kav) in Padalarang, West Java Province, Indonesia. Data collection technique used was observational technique, which was to examine directly by using a questionnaire and interview. The result of this research is that there is a significant relationship between the English Ability and the Educational method on military vehicles operationalization. In other words, if the English Ability and the Educational method is increased, the military vehicles operationalization for the Indonesian Army will be greater. In addition, the findings of this research are useful for military cadets and institution itself.

Diel streamflow cycles suggest more sensitive snowmelt-driven streamflow to climate change than land surface modeling

Climate warming may cause mountain snowpacks to melt earlier, reducing summer streamflow and threatening water supplies and ecosystems. Few observations allow separating rain and snowmelt contributions to streamflow, so physically based models are needed for hydrological predictions and analyses. We develop an observational technique for detecting streamflow responses to snowmelt using incoming solar radiation and diel (daily) cycles of streamflow. We measure the 20th percentile of snowmelt days (DOS20), across 31 watersheds in the western US, as a proxy for the beginning of snowmelt-initiated streamflow. Historic DOS20 varies from mid-January to late May, with warmer sites having earlier and more intermittent snowmelt-mediated streamflow. Mean annual DOS20 strongly correlates with the dates of 25 % and 50 % annual streamflow volume (DOQ25 and DOQ50, both R2 = 0.85), suggesting that a one-day earlier DOS20 corresponds with a one-day earlier DOQ25 and 0.7-day earlier DOQ50. Empirical projections of future DOS20 (RCP8.5, late 21st century), using space-for-time substitution, show that DOS20 will occur 11 ± 4 days earlier per 1 °C of warming, and that colder places (mean November–February air temperature, TNDJF <−8 °C) are 70 % more sensitive to climate change on average than warmer places (TNDJF > 0 °C). Moreover, empirical space-for-time based projections of DOQ25 and DOQ50 are about four and two times more sensitive to earlier streamflow than those from NoahMP-WRF. Given the importance of changing streamflow timing for headwater resources, snowmelt detection methods such as DOS20 based on diel streamflow cycles may constrain hydrological models and improve hydrological predictions.

High Resolution 3-D Imaging of Mesospheric Sodium (Na) Layer Utilizing a Novel Multilayer ICCD Imager and a Na Lidar

Equipped with a 1-meter Cassegrain telescope with 6.2 meter focal length and an electronically gated Intensified Charge-Coupled Device (ICCD), a multilayer Na imager is designed and developed at Wuhan in China. This novel instrument has successfully achieved the first preliminary 3-D image of the mesospheric Sodium (Na) layer when running alongside a Na lidar. The vertical Na layer profile is measured by the lidar, while the horizontal structure of the layer at different altitudes is measured by the ICCD imaging with a horizontal resolution of ~3.7 urad. In this experiment, controlled by the delay and width of the ICCD gating signal, the images of the layer are taken with three-second temporal resolution for every 5 km. The results show highly variable structures in both the vertical and horizontal directions within the Na layer. Horizontal images of the Na layer at different altitudes near both the permanent layer (80–100 km) and a sporadic Na layer at 117.5 km are obtained simultaneously for the first time. The Na number density profiles measured by the lidar and those derived from this imaging technique show excellent agreement, demonstrating the success of this observational technique and the first 3-D imaging of the mesospheric Na layer.

EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE STATUSES OF THE FACEBOOK USERS

<p>This research is conducted based on two purposes; they are to identify the types of expressive speech act found in the statuses of the Facebook users, and to explain the modes of expressive utterance used in the statuses. Therefore, the data source is the social network that is Facebook and the data are the statuses of the Facebook users. The data are collected by using observational method, followed by non-participant observational technique and taking-note technique. The data analysis is based on pragmatic identity method proposed by Sudaryanto (2015) which is also supported by the theory of the types of expressive speech act by Ronan (2015), and theory about the modes of utterance from Alwi, et al (2000). The analysis result shows that there are fourteen types of expressive speech act in the statuses. They are the expression of agreement, disagreement, apology, gratitude, sorrow (sadness), exclamation (complaint), volition (hope), anger, disappointment, encouragement, satire, annoyance, pride, and congratulation. Meanwhile, the modes of expressive speech act that are used consist of declarative mode, interrogative mode, and exclamative mode. The importance of this research is to reveal or show that there is something else the Facebook users want to say behind their statuses. Sometimes, they do not really state what they mean in their statuses. They use indirect way and there lies the use of expressive speech act which can be stated in different way.</p>

Pengaruh Status Gizi Terhadap Kecerdasan Balita Usia 4-5 Tahun Peserta PMT-P Diwilayah Puskesmas Bandaran Kabupaten Pamekasan

Nutrition is a major requirement for toddlers. At the age of toddlers is one of the special target groups 1000 the first day of life, during this period there is a rapid growth and development and prone to nutritional deficiencies research approach by means of observational technique Sampling in this study using simple random sampling technique with a large sample is done with the method of sampling the probability of calculation result test of significance (sig.) result of 0.186 greater than 0.05 So that the balance there is no influence between the status of nutrition to the intelligence of children aged 4-5 years for participants PMT-P Keywords : Nutritional status, intelligence level, additional food recovery Program (PMT-P)

Cross-Comparison and Methodological Improvement in GPS Tomography

GPS tomography has been investigated since 2000 as an attractive tool for retrieving the 3D field of water vapour and wet refractivity. However, this observational technique still remains a challenging task that requires improvement of its methodology. This was the purpose of this study, and for this, GPS data from the Australian Continuously Operating Research Station (CORS) network during a severe weather event were used. Sensitivity tests and statistical cross-comparisons of tomography retrievals with independent observations from radiosonde and radio-occultation profiles showed improved results using the presented methodology. The initial conditions, which were associated with different time-convergence of tomography inversion, play a critical role in GPS tomography. The best strategy can reduce the normalised root mean square (RMS) of the tomography solution by more than 3 with respect to radiosonde estimates. Data stacking and pseudo-slant observations can also significantly improve tomography retrievals with respect to non-stacked solutions. A normalised RMS improvement up to 17% in the 0–8 km layer was found by using 30 min data stacking, and RMS values were divided by 5 for all the layers by using pseudo-observations. This result was due to a better geometrical distribution of mid- and low-tropospheric parts (a 30% coverage improvement). Our study of the impact of the uncertainty of GPS observations shows that there is an interest in evaluating tomography retrievals in comparison to independent external measurements and in estimating simultaneously the quality of weather forecasts. Finally, a comparison of multi-model tomography with numerical weather prediction shows the relevant use of tomography retrievals to improving the understanding of such severe weather conditions.

A study on relevance of second hand clothing retailing in Ethiopia

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the relevance of second-hand clothing (SHC) in the Ethiopian textile and apparel value chain by investigating its potential and establishing a connect to sustainability from a consumption point of view. Design/methodology/approach Primary and secondary methods of research were used in this research. Structured observational technique was used to identify the retailers in the city. In total, 70 retailers of SHC were identified and 15 big size retailers were interviewed with open end questions through judgment sampling method. Findings From the analysis of the field research and scientific literature, the authors strongly believe that SHC has an important space in the consumer retail segment of the country. This trade remains in the shadow but is sustaining livelihoods of citizens. The SHC trade provides an automatic balance to the future excessive consumption which is a result of mass production and hence should be encouraged further on various dimensions. Originality/value Existing literature exhibits statistics of the trade and impact in East African Community (EAC) missing out on Ethiopia as it is not a member of the EAC. Moreover a connection of SHC to sustainability established has never been established in the past for under-developing countries, and it is one of the critical factors in the success of used clothing and future of textile and apparel business. This research also provides channelized solutions to the business for smooth implementation of SHC in Ethiopia and other under-developing countries.

MODERN DRIFTING ROBOTIZED DEVICES FOR CONTACT MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARCTIC BASIN

A description of all available automatic devices that have constructed to carry out contact measurements of ice and ocean characteristics from drifting sea ice at low air temperatures is given. All the devices under consideration work according to the programmed schedules, transmit the results of measurements to the coastal centers in real time, have GPS navigation. The devices are manufactured individually or in limited batches and are not prototypes or operating models. In addition, all these types of devices have already made successful measurements in the Arctic for a year or more. The description of the devices is given not only according to information from the specialized literature, but also on the basis of the author’s many years of personal experience in working with this observational technique in the Arctic basin.