Specific activation of PR-10 pathogenesis-related genes in apple by an incompatible race of Venturia inaequalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chevalier ◽  
L. Parisi ◽  
B. Gueye ◽  
C. Campion ◽  
P. Simoneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

scholarly journals Cutinase and Other Lipolytic Esterases Protect Bean Leaves from Infection by Rhizoctonia solani

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana M. Parker ◽  
Wolfram Köller
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Web Blight ◽  
Bean Leaves

The results describe a novel activity of fungal cutinase, the protection of bean leaves from disease. Development of web blight symptoms on bean leaves infected with Rhizoctonia solani (AG-1) was prevented in the presence of cutinase purified from Venturia inaequalis. Instead of disease, small areas of tissue necrosis became visible, and the tissue in which the pathogen was restricted displayed strong autofluorescence beneath the inoculation sites. Mechanical wounding of the leaf surface had no effect on disease development and the permeability of the cuticle was not increased by cutinase action, indicating that surface wounding was not the cause for this novel activity of cutinase. A comparative study involving cutinase and other serine hydrolases revealed that the disease prevention resided in the lipolytic esterase activity rather than the cutinase activity. The pattern of expression of four pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes provided no evidence for the modulation of known resistance responses of bean leaves in response to cutinase action. The protective mechanism of the esterase activity remains unknown.

scholarly journals Up-regulation of Pathogenesis-related Proteins in the Apoplast of Malus domestica after Application of a Non-pathogenic Bacterium

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Kürkcüoglu ◽  
Markus Piotrowski ◽  
Achim E. Gau
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Pre Treatment

The intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of Malus domestica cv. Holsteiner Cox before and after application of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3 to the leaves was investigated in a comparative manner. SDS-PAGE in combination with ESI Q-ToF mass spectrometry, and homology search in relevant data bases revealed the highly up-regulated expression of several pathogenesis-related plant proteins in the apoplast of the leaves treated with P. fluorescens. These proteins were β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein, ribonuclease-like protein, and a hevein-like protein. Moreover, a 9 kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein was significantly reduced after the application of P. fluorescens. The possible relevance of a pre-treatment of apple cultivars with the non-pathogenic bacterium P. fluorescens Bk3, as an alternative method to the treatment with fungicides, for increasing the resistance of susceptible apple cultivars against an infection with the fungus Venturia inaequalis is discussed.

Constituents from Morus root bark against Venturia inaequalis – the causal agent of apple scab

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Rollinger ◽  
R Spitaler ◽  
M Menz ◽  
P Schneider ◽  
EP Ellmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Root Bark

Working collection formation of apple-tree (Malus domestica Mill.) gene pool for priority breeding trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
T.I. Krasulia
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Distinguished Varieties ◽  
Spring Frosts

Aim. To define the priority trends of apple breeding in the southern steppe of Ukraine and to identify varieties – sources of high valuable-for-breeding indices for building up a working collection. Results and Discussion. Spring frosts and wet weather in May-June contributing to development of the scab pathogen (Venturia inaequalis), high temperature and water deficit in the 2nd half of the growing period, when fruits grow and ripen, are the major stress weather/climatic factors for apple trees in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Therefore, the priority in breeding is given to developing varieties that would be resistant to several unfavorable factors. At the same time, commercial use of new varieties is possible provided high commercial quality indicators of fruits. High resistance of buds to spring frosts was observed in varieties Vechirnia Zoria, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, and Prima. Oligogenic varieties (genes Vm and Vf), including Harant, Skifske Zoloto, and Liberty, showed no signs of scab development. Varieties with polygenic resistance to this disease were identified; they included Vechirnia Zoria, Ornament, Carola. Drought-tolerant varieties with high water-holding capacity of leaves and their turgor restoration after wilting, including Carola, Florina, and Prima, were selected by a laboratory method. Assessment of drought tolerance in the field made it possible to enrich this group with numerous varieties. Varieties giving fruits with high commercial qualities on insufficient water availability, such as Vechirnia Zoria, Harant, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, Ornament and others, were distinguished. Varieties combining resistance to several unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors with high marketability traits of fruits were singled out. Among them. Harant, Delicious Spur, Liberty, and Prima should be mentioned. Conclusions. The development of varieties with complex tolerance to spring frosts, drought, scab pathogen and high qualities of fruits is the priority trend in the breeding of apple trees in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Varieties - sources of individual valuable traits and their various combinations were identified. Varieties Vechirnia Zoria, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, Ornament, and Golden Resistant combine the maximum number of valuable-for-breeding features. It is varieties-sources of several traits that should make up a working collection of apple trees to increase the breeding efficiency.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of regulatory pathways involved in early flowering in the new leaves of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by transcriptome analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Ma ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Lingqiao Ge ◽  
Yinyin Weng ◽  
Xiaohui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Kinase Family ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Early Flowering Phenotype

Abstract Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial legume extensively planted throughout the world as a high nutritive value livestock forage. Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that contributes to the production of alfalfa hay and seeds. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation in alfalfa are not well understood. Results In this study, an early-flowering alfalfa genotype 80 and a late-flowering alfalfa genotype 195 were characterized for the flowering phenotype. Our analysis revealed that the lower jasmonate (JA) content in new leaves and the downregulation of JA biosynthetic genes (i.e. lipoxygenase, the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase-like protein, and salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase) may play essential roles in the early-flowering phenotype of genotype 80. Further research indicated that genes encode pathogenesis-related proteins [e.g. leucine rich repeat (LRR) family proteins, receptor-like proteins, and toll-interleukin-like receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-LRR class proteins] and members of the signaling receptor kinase family [LRR proteins, kinases domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26) and wheat leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase10 (LRK10)-like kinases] are related to early flowering in alfalfa. Additionally, those involved in secondary metabolism (2-oxoglutarate/Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferase) and the proteasome degradation pathway [really interesting new gene (RING)/U-box superfamily proteins and F-box family proteins] are also related to early flowering in alfalfa. Conclusions Integrated phenotypical, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, pathogenesis-related genes, signaling receptor kinase family genes, secondary metabolism genes, and proteasome degradation pathway genes are responsible for the early flowering phenotype in alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies of flowering time in alfalfa and inform genetic improvement strategies for optimizing this important trait.

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