scholarly journals Involuntary Youth Transport (IYT) to Treatment Programs: Best Practices, Research, Ethics, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gass ◽  
Clinton Hardy ◽  
Christine Norton ◽  
Simon Priest
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Research Based Practices

AbstractInvoluntary youth transport (IYT) is a controversial practice used to admit adolescents into residential care. Critics point out that IYT is in need of regulation and is best used as a last resort. This article examines the risks and benefits of IYT, especially the longterm effects on the client, in order to ensure that all facets of a client’s treatment are trauma-informed and guided by research-based practices and ethical principles. Practices that re-traumatize youth need to be replaced with informed practices that facilitate positive outcomes. This article utilizes an ethical decision-making framework developed for behavioral health professionals to assess and improve the ethical use of IYT. Based on this ethical framework, a more effective and collaborative model is presented that results in less restrictive approaches, greater levels of willingness by the adolescent to enter treatment, and trauma-informed management of difficult emotional or physical behaviors. This model also guides professionals and caregivers on how to proceed when IYT services are deemed necessary. The article presents past research and addresses ethical guidelines and best practices for IYT. Steps for practitioners and future directions are discussed.

Hindrances to achieve professional confidence: The nurse’s participation in ethical decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Storaker ◽  
Dagfinn Nåden ◽  
Berit Sæteren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Written Information

Background: Research suggests that nurses generally do not participate in ethical decision-making in accordance with ethical guidelines for nurses. In addition to completing their training, nurses need to reflect on and use ethically grounded arguments and defined ethical values such as patient’s dignity in their clinical work. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of how nurses deal with ethical decision-making in daily practice. The chosen research question is “How do nurses participate in ethical decision-making for the patient?” Design and method: We use Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics as well as Kvale and Brinkmann’s three levels of understanding in interpreting the data material. Nine registered nurses were interviewed. Ethical considerations: The Ombudsman of Norwegian Social Science Data and the head of the hospital approved the investigation. The participants received both oral and written information about the study and they gave their consent. We informed the participants that the participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw at any point in the course of the study. The requirement of anonymity and proper data storage was in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (1964). The participants were assured that privacy, and confidentiality would be duly protected. Results: Four key themes emerged: (1) confusion in relation to professional and operational expectations of role, (2) ideal somnolence, (3) inadequate argumentation skills, and (4) compound pressure. Conclusion: Ethical ideals appear to be latent in the mindset of the participants; however, the main finding of this investigation is that nurses need to activate the ideals and apply them into practice. Furthermore, management needs to initiate professional reasoning and interdisciplinary discussions leading to common goals for patients.

Ethics and Evaluative Consultations with Children in Small to Mid-Sized Australian Non-Government Organisations

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Program Improvement ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Children’S Voices

The value of listening to children's voices is well acknowledged. The vast body of literature surrounding this topic discusses children's voices in pedagogy, theory, methodology, and through empirical research. While some of this literature has focused on ethical considerations surrounding evaluative consultations with children in applied practice settings, there is a shortage of literature specifically relevant to small and medium-sized nongovernment organisations (NGOs). These organisations typically conduct consultations on a smaller scale and with fewer resources than their larger counterparts. This paper refers to Australian ethical guidelines using a practice example from a mid-sized NGO to examine ethics in child consultation from a practice-based program improvement perspective. The paper examines whether consultations with children always require formal ethics approval and discusses terminology and considerations surrounding ethical decision making processes.

Ethical Decision-Making in Biomedical Engineering Research

2008 ◽  
pp. 534-540
Author(s):  
Monique Frize ◽  
Irena Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Clinical Engineering ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Engineering Research

To be ethical and professional are terms that are synonymous with being an engineer. The work of engineers frequently affects public safety and health, and can influence business, and even politics. Professional Engineering Associations provide ethical guidelines so that engineers will know how to avoid misconduct, negligence, incompetence, and corruption, which could lead to formal complaints and discipline. Knowledge about ethical decision-making guides engineers facing complex and difficult moral dilemmas (Andrews, 2005, pp. 46). Biomedical engineers doing research and development will undoubtedly be involved in projects that impact humans and/or animals, and thus must be informed on all aspects of ethics that guide such research. They should be particularly aware of the specific guidelines of the institution where the work is to be carried-out and be familiar with the application process to obtain a certificate, allowing the research to proceed. There is clearly a need to guide biomedical engineering students and practitioners in performing a balanced analysis of difficult questions and issues, while respecting societal values that may differ greatly from their own (Frize, 1996; Frize, 2005; Saha & Saha, 1997; Wueste, 1997). There exists a number of articles discussing biomedical engineering and ethics specifically aimed at clinical engineers (Goodman, 1989; Saha & Saha, 1986). These are helpful readings for anyone involved in biomedical research or clinical engineering.

Culture and Ethics: a Tool for Analysing the Effects of Biases on the Nurse-Patient Relationship

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Greipp
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Care Community

For most nurses world-wide, activities are centred around working directly with patients and so the nurse-patient relationship is of the greatest importance. Ethnocentrism on the part of the health care community has led to misdiagnosis, mistreatment and undertreatment of culturally diverse individuals world-wide. This author discusses a tool, Greipp's Model of Ethical Decision-Making, which can be used to assist nurses in analysing the effects of culture, beliefs and diversity upon the caregiver and care recipient within an ethical framework.

scholarly journals SCAFFOLDING OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ali Farhad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Belmont Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Nuremberg Code ◽  
Helsinki Declaration

Ethical guidelines for safeguarding the Human subject were published in 1979 to provide the idealistic groundwork for existing laws prevailing research for human subjects. The guidance and rule in this regards had already been set forth by “Nuremberg Code” and “Helsinki Declaration” but the Belmont Report has done a yeoman service in developing the three basic fundamental ethical rules which are: respect for person, beneficence and justice. Indeed there are many other principles applied in ethical decision making during research but these rules are providing inclusive scaffolding for ethical decision making in research concerning human subjects.

scholarly journals Official Policies and Teachers’ Tendency to Act: Exploring the Discrepancies in Teachers’ Perceptions

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Orly Shapira – Lishchinsky ◽  
Israel Zvi Gilat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Teachers Training

The aim of the study is to investigate whether there are discrepancies between teachers’ perceptions of the ‘official policies’ and their ‘tendency to act,’ based on their ethical decision-making. A qualitative analysis of 60 Israeli teachers’ questionnaires consisting of critical ethical incidents revealed multifaceted ethical dilemmas nested in categories of ‘discrepancies between official policies and teachers’ tendency to act: ‘Harm (to people, property),’ ‘parental involvement/ interference’ and ‘academic process.’ The discrepancies noted between official policy and teachers’ tendency to act may encourage educational policy to design teachers’ training and professional development programs that include dealing with critical ethical incidents, through team-based simulations and formulating ethical guidelines based on their ethical decision-making process.

School Counselors’ Experiences With Ethical Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110186
Author(s):  
Glenda S. Johnson ◽  
Lucy L. Purgason
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Counselor Preparation ◽  
School Counselor Preparation

Using a purposeful, convenience sampling method, we explored six school counselors’ experiences of ethical decision making. We used a transcendental phenomenology research method and identified the themes of consulting, referring to ethical guidelines, documenting, contributing factors, and engaging in professional development. This article discusses implications for school counselor preparation programs and practicing school counselors.

scholarly journals The Ethics of Innovation: Ethical Decision-Making and Review for Field Studies and Projects Targeting Dogs and Cats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3579
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Benka
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Review Process ◽  
Ethical Oversight

To date, independent ethical oversight of many companion animal welfare initiatives has been limited and, in some instances, inadequate. Beyond a blurred line between “innovation” and “research,” the nature of the work conducted in animal welfare projects is often poorly aligned with established institutional ethical review structures, which are designed for research involving humans or research involving animals and are also focused on industry and academic institutions. This commentary details the struggle of one United States-based nonprofit organization to find ethical guidelines and support for conducting non-traditional field-based animal welfare studies, and subsequent experience establishing an Ethical Review Board to evaluate organizational initiatives. The commentary discusses member selection, materials and processes, and lessons and learnings from the creation and use of an Ethical Review Board. Sharing content of the ethical review process, as well as challenges and learnings from it, is intended to support other organizations and individuals seeking to ensure that innovation for animal welfare consistently meets high ethical standards.

scholarly journals Ethical decision-making: the doctrine of sin and grace

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Freedom Of The Will ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
The Will

Ethical decision-making presupposes the possession of a free will. Central to a discussion on reformed ethics is the question of the bounds of freedom of the will. The reformed tradition, along with the wider Christian tradition, affirms that the will is not free in the Pelagian sense of being absolutely free, but is constrained by the effects of humanity’s fall from original righteousness. This ariticle considers the nature and extent to which the will is considered free, or no longer free at all. The question posed here, within the reformed theoretic ethical framework, is whether the will is so vitiated that a person is in- capable of any effective choice of action or inaction in the face of any moral dilemma, or does fallen humanity still possess some ability to make a free choice, albeit under conditions of impaired freedom of the will?

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