scholarly journals Post-traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Silwal ◽  
Roshan Chudal ◽  
Ragnhild Dybdahl ◽  
Lauri Sillanmäki ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractFew longitudinal studies have focused on mental health problems among adolescents after earthquakes. We investigated changes in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal and explored potential risk factors associated with the change in psychiatric symptoms. This study comprised of 515 adolescents, aged 11–17 years from two earthquake-affected areas, one severely affected than the other. The psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the standardized Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. No significant change was observed in the prevalence of PTSS and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the earthquake. Living in severely affected area and exposure to trauma after the earthquake were associated with adolescents who developed chronic or delayed PTSS and depressive symptoms. The study findings highlight the need for disaster preparedness and early interventions that strengthen support at various levels.

scholarly journals A network analysis of post-traumatic stress and psychosis symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Amy Hardy ◽  
Ciaran O'Driscoll ◽  
Craig Steel ◽  
Mark van der Gaag ◽  
David van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Understanding the interplay between trauma-related psychological mechanisms and psychotic symptoms may improve the effectiveness of interventions for post-traumatic stress reactions in psychosis. Network theory assumes that mental health problems persist not because of a common latent variable, but from dynamic feedback loops between symptoms, thereby addressing the heterogeneous and overlapping nature of traumagenic and psychotic diagnoses. This is a proof-of-concept study examining interactions between post-traumatic stress symptoms, which were hypothesized to reflect trauma-related psychological mechanisms, and auditory hallucinations and delusions. Method Baseline data from two randomised controlled trials (N = 216) of trauma-focused therapy in people with post-traumatic stress symptoms (87.5% met diagnostic criteria for PTSD) and psychotic disorder were analysed. Reexperiencing, hyperarousal, avoidance, trauma-related beliefs, auditory hallucinations and delusional beliefs were used to estimate a Gaussian graphical model along with expected node influence and predictability (proportion of explained variance). Results Trauma-related beliefs had the largest direct influence on the network and, together with hypervigilance, were implicated in the shortest paths from flashbacks to delusions and auditory hallucinations. Conclusions These findings are in contrast to previous research suggesting a central role for re-experiencing, emotional numbing and interpersonal avoidance in psychosis. Trauma-related beliefs were the psychological mechanism most associated with psychotic symptoms, although not all relevant mechanisms were measured. This work demonstrates that investigating multiple putative mediators may clarify which processes are most relevant to trauma-related psychosis. Further research should use network modelling to investigate how the spectrum of traumatic stress reactions play a role in psychotic symptoms.

scholarly journals Deployment experiences and mental health problems as predictors of post-deployment unemployment length: a prospective, register-based study among Danish soldiers

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040625
Author(s):  
Andreas Friis Elrond ◽  
Paul Maurice Conway ◽  
Søren Bo Andersen ◽  
Karen-Inge Karstoft ◽  
Mia Sadowa Vedtofte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Screening Questionnaire ◽  
Post Traumatic

ObjectivesTo test responses of formerly deployed soldiers (FDS) to a questionnaire on deployment experiences in combination with screening levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression approximately 6 months after homecoming as predictors of the subsequent probability of gaining employment when unemployed within 5 years post-deployment.Design, setting and participantsDanish FDS responders (n=3935) and non-responders (n=3046) to a 6-month post-deployment screening questionnaire after returning from a first-ever deployment to Kosovo, Iraq or Afghanistan (2002 to 2012) were included in the study and followed in public registers from 6 months to 5 years post-deployment.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe tested Cox regression models including deployment experiences (1a), screening levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms (1b), and their combination (2) for FDS responders. For all FDS, a secondary model included a measure on whether they responded to the questionnaire (3).ResultsNeither the deployment experiences (1a) of exposure to danger and combat (HR=1.00, 95% CI=0.97 to 1.03) and witnessing consequences of war (HR=1.01, 95% CI=0.96 to 1.06), or the screening levels (1b) of PTSD (HR=1.06, 95% CI=0.84 to 1.33) and depressive symptoms (HR=0.82, 95% CI=0.64 to 1.06) were significant predictors of transitioning from unemployment to employment. Similar results were found for the combined model (2). A tendency among non-respondents (3) to have a lower probability of transitioning from unemployment to employment was found (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.81 to 1.00).ConclusionDeployment experiences, PTSD and depressive symptoms, as measured at 6-month screening questionnaire, did not predict differences in the probability of gaining employment when unemployed within 5 years post-deployment. However, the findings suggest that those with the least probability of transitioning from unemployment to employment can be found among the non-responders to the post-deployment screening questionnaire.

scholarly journals Psychological distress in the Greek general population during the first COVID-19 lockdown

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Karaivazoglou ◽  
Georgia Konstantopoulou ◽  
Maria Kalogeropoulou ◽  
Theodoros Iliou ◽  
Theofanis Vorvolakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide, threatening public health and financial and social life. Aims The current study's aim was to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the Greek population during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and to detect potential correlates. Method An anonymous online survey was conducted between 10 April and 4 May 2020, to collect information regarding people's psychological functioning and COVID-19-related perceptions. Results A total of 1443 individuals completed the survey; 293 (20%) reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms, 188 (12.9%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and 506 (36.4%) suffered from definite post-traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety symptoms were independently associated with female gender (β = 1.281, 95% CI 0.808–1.755, P < 0.001), educational level (β = −1.570, 95% CI −2.546 to −0.595, P = 0.002), perceived severity (β = −1.745, 95% CI −3.146 to −0.344, P = 0.015) and COVID-19-related worry (β = 7.633, 95% CI 6.206–9.060, P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were strongly correlated with educational level (β = −1.298, 95% CI −2.220 to −0.377, P = 0.006), perceived severity (β = −1.331, 95% CI −2.579 to −0.082, P = 0.037) and COVID-19-related worry (β = 4.102, 95% CI 2.769–5.436, P < 0.001). Finally, post-traumatic stress symptoms were linked to female gender (β = 6.451, 95% CI 4.602–8.299, P < 0.001), educational level (β = −5.737, 95% CI −9.479 to −1.996, P = 0.003), psychiatric history (β = −4.028, 95% CI −6.274 to −1.782, P < 0.001) and COVID-19-related worry (β = 23.865, 95% CI 18.201–29.530, P < 0.001). Conclusions A significant percentage of the population reported clinically important anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Women, less-educated individuals and people with a psychiatric history appeared more vulnerable to the pandemic's psychological impact.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms and Its Associations With Quality of Life, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in COVID-19 Survivors During the Post-COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Zi-Han Liu ◽  
Yan-Jie Zhao ◽  
Qinge Zhang ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: The prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in COVID-19 survivors is unclear. This study examined the prevalence of PTSS and its association with quality of life (QOL) among COVID-19 survivors during the post-COVID-19 era in China.Methods: This was a comparative, cross-sectional study. PTSS, depressive symptoms, and QOL were assessed with standardized instruments.Results: A total of 134 COVID-19 survivors and 214 non-infected controls (healthy controls hereafter) were recruited. Among COVID-19 survivors, the PTSS prevalence was 18.66% (95%CI: 11.98–25.34%), which was significantly higher than that (5.61%, 95%CI: 2.50–8.71%) of healthy controls (P &lt; 0.001). After controlling for covariates, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that COVID-19 survivors had a higher PTSS total score than did healthy controls [F(1,348) = 4.664, P = 0.032]. A separate ANCOVA revealed there were no significant differences in overall QOL between COVID-19 survivors with and without PTSS [F(1,348) = 1.067, P = 0.304]. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that more severe depressive symptoms were significantly associated with PTSS in COVID-19 survivors (OR = 1.425, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: PTSS were more severe in COVID-19 survivors compared to healthy controls in the post-COVID-19 era. Considering their negative impact on daily life and functional outcomes, regular assessment and appropriate treatments of PTSS should be conducted in COVID-19 survivors.

The interaction of post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms in predicting depressive symptoms and quality of life

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Forrest Morrill ◽  
Noel T. Brewer ◽  
Suzanne C. O'Neill ◽  
Sarah E. Lillie ◽  
E. Claire Dees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals The Combined Impact of Gender and Age on Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms, Depression, and Insomnia During COVID-19 Outbreak in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengbin Liu ◽  
Danxia Liu ◽  
Ning Huang ◽  
Mingqi Fu ◽  
Jam Farooq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Cohen's D

The mental health problems might have been increased owing to the COVID-19 pandemic with the commencement of the year 2020, therefore, an epidemiological survey appraising the burden of mental health issues among the general population is imperative. This cross-sectional study attempts to reveal the underlying mental health conditions, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, and insomnia, relating to the pandemic situation, and to further examine the combined effects of gender and age on the COVID-19 related mental health consequences. An online survey was conducted among 2,992 adults in China from February 1st 2020 to February 10th 2020. The study uses binary logistic regression to analyze the potential factors associated with PTSD, depression, and insomnia. The results indicate that the prevalence of PTSS, depression, and insomnia are 19.5, 26.9, and 19.6% respectively during the COVID-19. Men and women show different rates of PTSS and depression, whereas no insomnia is found in both males and females. The females above 50 years of age have a lower level of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.448, 95%CI: 0.220–0.911, Cohen's d = −0.443) as compared with females aged 18–25; while the highest effect sizes for PTSS (OR = 2.846, 95%CI: 1.725–4.695, Cohen's d = 0.537) and the depression (OR = 2.024, 95%CI: 1.317–3.111, Cohen's d = 0.314) are seen in males aged 26 to 30. Besides gender, education, living conditions, direct exposure to COVID-19, the post mental and the physical health condition is related to PTSS, depression, and insomnia. Our study suggests that high-risk groups, especially those having two or more related factors and young men, should be the focus of mental health intervention.

Mental health consequences for survivors of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster: a systematic review. Part 1: psychological consequences

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shigemura ◽  
Takero Terayama ◽  
Mie Kurosawa ◽  
Yuki Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

Abstract To integrate scholastic literature regarding the prevalence and characteristics of the psychological consequences faced by survivors of the 2011 Fukushima earthquake/tsunami/nuclear disaster, we conducted a systematic review of survivor studies concerning the Fukushima disaster. In August 2019, four literature databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ICHUSHI) were used in the literature search. Peer-reviewed manuscripts reporting psychological consequences, either in English or Japanese, were selected. A total of 79 studies were selected for the review. Twenty-four studies (30.4%) were conducted as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey—large-scale cohort study recruiting the residents of the entire Fukushima prefecture. Study outcomes were primarily nonspecific psychological distress, depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The rates of high-risk individuals determined by the studies varied significantly owing to methodological differences. Nevertheless, these rates were mostly high (nonspecific psychological distress, 8.3%-65.1%; depressive symptoms, 12%-52.0%; and post-traumatic stress symptoms, 10.5%-62.6%). Many studies focused on vulnerable populations such as children, mothers of young children, evacuees, and nuclear power plant workers. However, few studies reported on the intervention methods used or their effect on the survivors. As a conclusion, high rates of individuals with psychological conditions, as well as a wide range of mental conditions, were reported among the Fukushima nuclear disaster survivors in the first 8 years after the disaster. These findings demonstrate the substantial impact of this compound disaster, especially in the context of a nuclear catastrophe.

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