scholarly journals Biased Maintenance of Attention on Sad Faces in Clinically Depressed Youth: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Buhl ◽  
Anca Sfärlea ◽  
Johanna Loechner ◽  
Kornelija Starman-Wöhrle ◽  
Elske Salemink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Clinically Depressed

AbstractThe role of negative attention biases (AB), central to cognitive models of adult depression, is yet unclear in youth depression. We investigated negative AB in depressed compared to healthy youth and tested whether AB are more pronounced in depressed than at-risk youth. Negative AB was assessed for sad and angry faces with an eye-tracking paradigm [Passive Viewing Task (PVT)] and a behavioural task [Visual Search Task (VST)], comparing three groups of 9–14-year-olds: youth with major depression (MD; n = 32), youth with depressed parents (high-risk; HR; n = 49) and youth with healthy parents (low-risk; LR; n = 42). The PVT revealed MD participants to maintain attention longer on sad faces compared to HR, but not LR participants. This AB correlated positively with depressive symptoms. The VST revealed no group differences. Our results provide preliminary evidence for a negative AB in maintenance of attention on disorder-specific emotional information in depressed compared to at-risk youth.

The role of resilience in assisting the educational connectedness of at-risk youth: A study of service users and non-users

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Dorothy Bottrell ◽  
Derrick Armstrong ◽  
Marianne Mansour ◽  
Michael Ungar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Service Users

scholarly journals Prevention of bipolar disorder in at-risk children: Theoretical assumptions and empirical foundations

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Miklowitz ◽  
Kiki D. Chang
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Mood Lability

AbstractThis article examines how bipolar symptoms emerge during development, and the potential role of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions in the prevention of the onset of the disorder. Early signs of bipolarity can be observed among children of bipolar parents and often take the form of subsyndromal presentations (e.g., mood lability, episodic elation or irritability, depression, inattention, and psychosocial impairment). However, many of these early presentations are diagnostically nonspecific. The few studies that have followed at-risk youth into adulthood find developmental discontinuities from childhood to adulthood. Biological markers (e.g., amygdalar volume) may ultimately increase our accuracy in identifying children who later develop bipolar I disorder, but few such markers have been identified. Stress, in the form of childhood adversity or highly conflictual families, is not a diagnostically specific causal agent but does place genetically and biologically vulnerable individuals at risk for a more pernicious course of illness. A preventative family-focused treatment for children with (a) at least one first-degree relative with bipolar disorder and (b) subsyndromal signs of bipolar disorder is described. This model attempts to address the multiple interactions of psychosocial and biological risk factors in the onset and course of bipolar disorder.

The Prevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents: Current and Future Directions

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy R. G. Gladstone ◽  
William R. Beardslee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
At Risk Adolescents ◽  
Initial Results

Beardslee’s (1990) innovative research on preventive intervention for youth depression will be introduced. Beardslee and colleagues have focused their work on families with parental affective disorder, with the goal of preventing the onset of disorder in nonsymptomatic early adolescents aged 8 to 15 years. In a longitudinal study of 100 families, Beardslee and colleagues have developed, implemented, and evaluated two preventive intervention protocols (clinician-facilitated and lecture) designed to promote resilient traits and to modify the risk factors associated with parental affective illness. These protocols are outlined, initial results are reported, and implications for the prevention of disorder in at-risk youth will be discussed. In addition, research directions we are currently pursuing, and future directions for research, are introduced.

scholarly journals Relational Psychotherapy Mothers' Group: A developmentally informed intervention for at-risk mothers

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIYA S. LUTHAR ◽  
NANCY E. SUCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Relational Psychotherapy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Optimal Parenting

The Relational Psychotherapy Mothers' Group (RPMG), a developmentally informed, supportive psychotherapy designed to serve heroin-addicted mothers with children up to 16 years of age, aims at addressing psychosocial vulnerabilities, and facilitating optimal parenting, among at-risk mothers. We present preliminary evidence on the efficacy of RPMG as an “add on” treatment in comparison with standard methadone counseling alone. At the end of the 24-week treatment period, mothers receiving RPMG plus standard methadone counseling demonstrated lower levels of risk for child maltreatment, greater involvement with their children, and more positive psychosocial adjustment than women who received methadone counseling alone. Children of RPMG participants also reflected fewer problems in multiple areas. At 6 months posttreatment, RPMG recipients continued to be at a relative advantage, although the magnitude of group differences was often attenuated. Notably, urinalyses indicated that RPMG mothers showed greater improvements in levels of opioid use over time than comparison mothers.

The Peace and Power Conceptual Model: An Assessment Guide for School Nurses Regarding Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Fraley ◽  
Teri Aronowitz
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Commercial Sexual Exploitation ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Theoretical Paper

Human trafficking is a global problem; more than half of all victims are children. In the United States (US), at-risk youth continue to attend school. School nurses are on the frontlines, presenting a window of opportunity to identify and prevent exploitation. Available papers targeting school nurses report that school nurses may lack awareness of commercial sexual exploitation and may have attitudes and misperceptions about behaviors of school children at risk. This is a theoretical paper applying the Peace and Power Conceptual Model to understand the role of school nurses in commercial sexual exploitation of children.

scholarly journals Impact of Mentoring on At-Risk Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Shazia Mirza
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Social Emotional Learning ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Emotional Learning ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Educational Leader

This study is a Qualitative case study which highlights the important role of an educational leader using mentoring and socio emotional techniques to save her student from extremist activities in name of religion. Educational leaders should be committed not only toward their students' academic enrichment but also focus on developing their student's socio emotional wellbeing. The educational leader plays a profound role toward promoting students wellbeing, giving them a message that yes we are here for you and by building in them confidence when they need it the most. Whenever at-risk youth is mentioned, it is assumed that they hide destructive layers under their body and mind.  They need someone who knows how to read these signs and the educational leader plays a key role in this regard. This study will help educational leaders and managers to understand the aspects, importance and applicability of social emotional learning (cognitive affective) on student's behavior. Furthermore the study also shows how using some techniques of care, the teacher not only saved her students' life but also the lives of many students. This research accentuates the importance of creating a strong bonding with students. For curriculum developers, it is of key importance to inculcate religious content that emphasizes more on aspects related to care through animal rights in Islam and humanity on whole. Furthermore this research provides imperative guidelines to inculcate social emotional learning in Islamiat curriculum and shares the result on student's behavior towards general people. It also emphasizes the leaders' role of managing students on the basis of socio emotional learning.

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