Climate change impacts on infectious diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (EMME)—risks and recommendations

Purpose. As the climate change impacts freshwater and marine ecosystems, and rising ocean temperatures and acidification continue to this moment, our aim was to analyze the literature and summarize information on the development of fish infectious diseases in the light of global warming. Findings. Even a slight increase in temperature affects the life cycle, physiology, behavior, distribution and structure of populations of aquatic bioresources, especially fish. Recent studies show that some infectious diseases of fish spread much faster with increasing temperature. Climate change contributes to pathogens spread in both marine and freshwater areas. In particular, rising water temperatures can expand the range of diseases. Aquatic bioresources have high cumulative mortality from infectious diseases, and pathogens are rapidly progressing, and these phenomena may be powered by climate change, leading to the geographical spread of virulent pathogens to fisheries and aquaculture facilities, threatening much of global production and food security. The article presents data on the impact of climate change and global warming on aquaculture and fisheries. The list of the main pathogens of fish of various etiology in Ukraine, including viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases is presented. The impact of infectious agents on modern aquaculture is described and the main ideas about the possible long-term consequences of climate change for fish farms are given. Practical Value. The review may be useful for specialists in veterinary medicine, epizootology and ichthyopathology. Key words: climate change, infectious diseases of fish, pathogenesis.

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Climate Change Risk Evaluation of Tsunami Hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2881

Author(s):

Cuneyt Yavuz ◽

Elcin Kentel ◽

Mustafa M. Aral

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

City Center ◽

Climate Change Risk ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽

Social Risks ◽

Coastal Risk ◽

Economic Assets

Climate change impacts on social and economic assets and activities are expected to be devastating. What is as important as the analysis of climate change triggered events is the analysis of a combination of climate change related events and other natural hazards not related to climate change. Given this observation, the purpose of this study is to present a coastal risk analysis for potential earthquake triggered tsunamis (ETTs) coupled with the sea level rise (SLR) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, extensive stochastic analysis of ETTs, which are not related to climate change, are conducted considering the effects of climate change related SLR projections for this century. For the combined analysis, economic and social risks are evaluated for two regions in the Eastern Mediterranean Coastline, namely the Fethiye City Center at the Turkish Coastline and the Cairo Agricultural Area near Egypt. It is observed that ignoring SLR will hinder realistic evaluation of ETT risks in the region. Moreover, spatial evaluations of economic and social risks are necessary since topography and proximity to the earthquake zones affect inundation levels due to ETTs in the presence of SLR.

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Impacts of Climate Change on the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East and North Africa Region and the Water–Energy Nexus

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10080455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 455 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manfred A. Lange

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Middle East ◽

North Africa ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Mena Region ◽

Large Variability ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Water Energy Nexus ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

The present paper aims to elucidate impacts of climate change on the availability and security of water and energy in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA region; including the Eastern Mediterranean) in the context of the water–energy nexus. It largely builds on existing knowledge and understanding and aims to present a review of existing information on this topic. The region is particularly challenged by a number of factors, including the large variability of bio-geographical characteristics, extreme population growth over the last few decades, and substantial societal and economical transitions, as well as armed conflicts in some of the countries in the region. Anticipated changes in climate conditions will exacerbate the challenges regarding water and energy security in the region. Major impacts of climate change include a significant increase in summer temperatures, which will lead to a growing number of heat waves, primarily in urban structures. A general decrease in precipitation in many of the MENA countries is foreseen, resulting in enhanced droughts and a growing number of dry spells. In addressing energy and water scarcities and their mutual interrelationships, an integrated water–energy nexus concept offers promising prospects to improve environmental, climate, human, and political security. However, only very few countries in the MENA region have presently implemented such a concept. Mitigation and adaptation strategies addressing water and energy scarcity include enhanced efficiency of resource use, integrated technology assessments regarding electricity generation, and a stronger reliance on renewable/solar technologies. While looking at the MENA region as a whole, some emphasis will be given to Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Climate Change Impacts on Green Water Fluxes in the Eastern Mediterranean

Climate Change and the Sustainable Use of Water Resources - Climate Change Management ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-22266-5_1 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 3-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ibrahim M. Oroud

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Green Water ◽

Water Fluxes

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Climate change impacts in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region and their implications for vulnerable population groups

Regional Environmental Change ◽

10.1007/s10113-017-1144-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1623-1638 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Katharina Waha ◽

Linda Krummenauer ◽

Sophie Adams ◽

Valentin Aich ◽

Florent Baarsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Middle East ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Vulnerable Population ◽

Northern Africa ◽

Mena Region ◽

Population Groups ◽

Vulnerable Population Groups

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Variations in the Simulation of Climate Change Impact Indices due to Different Land Surface Schemes over the Mediterranean, Middle East and Northern Africa

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10010026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katiana Constantinidou ◽

George Zittis ◽

Panos Hadjinicolaou

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Middle East ◽

Land Surface ◽

Climate Change Impact ◽

Climate Model ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Relative Dispersion ◽

Change Impact

The Eastern Mediterranean (EM) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are projected to be exposed to extreme climatic conditions in the 21st century, which will likely induce adverse impacts in various sectors. Relevant climate change impact assessments utilise data from climate model projections and process-based impact models or simpler, index-based approaches. In this study, we explore the implied uncertainty from variations of climate change impact-related indices as induced by the modelled climate (WRF regional climate model) from different land surface schemes (Noah, NoahMP, CLM and RUC). The three climate change impact-related indicators examined here are the Radiative Index of Dryness (RID), the Fuel Dryness Index (Fd) and the Water-limited Yield (Yw). Our findings indicate that Noah simulates the highest values for both RID and Fd, while CLM gives the highest estimations for winter wheat Yw. The relative dispersion in the three indices derived by the different land schemes is not negligible, amounting, for the overall geographical domain of 25% for RID and Fd, and 10% for Yw. The dispersion is even larger for specific sub-regions.

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