scholarly journals Impact of climate change on the water resources of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region: Modeled 21st century changes and implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chenoweth ◽  
Panos Hadjinicolaou ◽  
Adriana Bruggeman ◽  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Zev Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of recent and future climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 4425-4444
Author(s):  
E. Kostopoulou ◽  
C. Giannakopoulos ◽  
M. Hatzaki ◽  
A. Karali ◽  
P. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Abstract. Recent and future changes in temperature and precipitation climate extremes are estimated using the Hadley Centre PRECIS climate model for the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region. The area of interest is considered vulnerable to extreme climate events as there is evidence for a temperature rise while precipitation tends to decline, suggesting likely effects on vital socioeconomic sectors in the region. Observations have been obtained for the recent period (1961–1990) and used to evaluate the model output. The spatial distribution of recent temporal trends in temperature indicates strong increasing in minimum temperature over the eastern Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. The rate of warming reaches 0.4–0.5 °C decade−1 in a large part of the domain, while warming is expected to be strongest in summer (0.6–0.7 °C decade−1) in the E-Balkans and W-Turkey. The trends in annual and summer maximum temperature are estimated at approximately 0.5 and 0.6 °C decade−1. Recent estimates do not indicate statistically significant trends in precipitation except for individual sub-regions. Results indicate a future warming trend for the study area over the last 30 yr of the 21st century. Trends are estimated to be positive and statistically significant in nearly the entire region. The annual trend patterns for both minimum and maximum temperature show warming rates of approximately 0.4–0.6 °C decade−1, with pronounced warming over the Middle Eastern countries. Summer temperatures reveal a gradual warming (0.5–0.9 °C decade−1) over much of the region. The model projects drying trends by 5–30% in annual precipitation towards the end of the 21st century, with the number of wet days decreasing at the rate of 10–30 days yr−1, while heavy precipitation is likely to decrease in the high-elevation areas by 15 days yr−1.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of recent and future climate extremes in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kostopoulou ◽  
C. Giannakopoulos ◽  
M. Hatzaki ◽  
A. Karali ◽  
P. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Abstract. Recent and future changes in temperature and precipitation climate extremes are estimated using the Hadley Centre PRECIS ("Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies") climate model for the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region. The area of interest is considered vulnerable to extreme climate events as there is evidence for a temperature rise while precipitation tends to decline, suggesting likely effects on vital socioeconomic sectors in the region. Observations have been obtained for the recent period (1961–1990) and used to evaluate the model output. The spatial distribution of recent temporal trends in temperature indicates strong increasing in minimum temperature over the eastern Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. The rate of warming reaches 0.4–0.5 °C decade−1 in a large part of the domain, while warming is expected to be strongest in summer (0.6–0.7 °C decade−1) in the eastern Balkans and western Turkey. The trends in annual and summer maximum temperature are estimated at approximately 0.5 and 0.6 °C decade−1 respectively. Recent estimates do not indicate statistically significant trends in precipitation except for individual sub-regions. Results indicate a future warming trend for the study area over the last 30 years of the 21st century. Trends are estimated to be positive and statistically significant in nearly the entire region. The annual trend patterns for both minimum and maximum temperature show warming rates of approximately 0.4–0.6 °C decade−1, with pronounced warming over the Middle Eastern countries. Summer temperatures reveal a gradual warming (0.5–0.9 °C decade−1) over much of the region. The model projects drying trends by 5–30% in annual precipitation towards the end of the 21st century, with the number of wet days decreasing at the rate of 10–30 days year−1, while heavy precipitation is likely to decrease in the high-elevation areas by 15 days year−1.

Evaluation of water shortage crisis in the Middle East and possible remedies

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Babak Zolghadr-Asli ◽  
Parisa Sarzaeim ◽  
Mahyar Aboutalebi ◽  
Xuefeng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Water resources in the Middle East region are becoming scarce, while millions of people already do not have access to adequate water for drinking and sanitary purposes. Water resources depletion has become a significant problem in this region that is likely to worsen. Current research by remote sensing analysis indicates a descending trend of water storage in the Middle East region, where agriculture plays a crucial role in socio-economic life. This study introduces an approach quantifying water depletion in the Middle Eastern countries, which are being challenged in the management of their water resources. Furthermore, this paper presents results of a survey assessing the status of water use and supply in Middle Eastern countries and outlines some potential remedies. Specifically, Iran's water use is evaluated and compared with its neighbors'. The water equivalent anomaly (WEA) and total water storage (TWS) depletion are two indexes of water scarcity calculated for Middle Eastern countries surveyed herein. Our analysis reveals that Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran are countries with very negative water scarcity indexes. These estimates prove that international cooperation is needed to manage available regional water resources and reverse depletion of natural water sources. It is demonstrated herein that virtual water trade can help remediate regional water shortage in Middle Eastern countries.

Middle East

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Raymond Bar-On
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
East Region ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The World ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Middle East Region

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) reported 14.8 million international tourist arrivals (excluding day-visits) in its Middle East region in 1997, 4.9% above 1996, and 36.0 million in its ‘Expanded Middle East’ region (including Eastern Mediterranean and Northern Africa). Receipts reported from international tourism in the Middle East region totalled US$10 billion, 13% above 1996 (in current US$, including receipts from day-visitors, excluding International Fares) and US$24 billion in the ‘Expanded Middle East’ region. Tourist arrivals, receipts and hotel capacity are presented for 13 countries of the Middle East region and 9 related countries.

scholarly journals An evaluation of Climate Change and Water Scarcity as a causative factor of Political Instability in the Middle East Region: The Case of Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Lubem, Abado ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
East Region ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Middle East Region

The Middle East region has been thrown into a theatre of conflicts in recent decades, with almost all the countries in the region been affected by one conflict or the other. Notable among them conflicts is the Arab spring, which saw the toppling of most dictatorial regimes in the region, others include the conflicts in Yemen, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Palestine, among others. The true causative factors of these conflicts and political upheavals in the Middle East region have still been debated. It is predicating on this background that this paper seeks to; trace the root(s) of the conflicts in the Middle East Region. The paper links the exacerbating effects of climate change, and water scarcity to the political instability in Syria, and the Middle East in general. The paper traces the genesis of the conflict to the worst global faming in 100 years, which drove food crises, especially bread to an all-time high. The situation is identified to have resulted to a water scarcity, as well as forced both crop and animals’ farmers out of their source of living in Syria.

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