First record of a large-scale bloom-causing species Nannochloropsis granulata (Monodopsidaceae, Eustigmatophyceae) in China Sea waters

AbstractTopographic Rossby waves (TRWs) in the abyssal South China Sea (SCS) are investigated using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations. These energetic waves can account for over 40% of the kinetic energy (KE) variability in the deep western boundary current and seamount region in the central SCS. This proportion can even reach 70% over slopes in the northern and southern SCS. The TRW-induced currents exhibit columnar (i.e., in-phase) structure in which the speed increases downward. Wave properties such as the period (5–60 days), wavelength (100–500 km), and vertical trapping scale (102–103 m) vary significantly depending on environmental parameters of the SCS. The TRW energy propagates along steep topography with phase propagation offshore. TRWs with high frequencies exhibit a stronger climbing effect than low-frequency ones and hence can move further upslope. For TRWs with a certain frequency, the wavelength and trapping scale are dominated by the topographic beta, whereas the group velocity is more sensitive to the internal Rossby deformation radius. Background circulation with horizontal shear can change the wavelength and direction of TRWs if the flow velocity is comparable to the group velocity, particularly in the central, southern, and eastern SCS. A case study suggests two possible energy sources for TRWs: mesoscale perturbation in the upper layer and large-scale background circulation in the deep layer. The former provides KE by pressure work, whereas the latter transfers the available potential energy (APE) through baroclinic instability.

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Two species of Hyalinoecia Malmgren, 1867 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) from the South China Sea, with the first record of Hyalinoecia papillata from China

Acta Oceanologica Sinica ◽

10.1007/s13131-018-1315-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 140-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuwen Wu ◽

Kuidong Xu

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

First Record ◽

The South China Sea ◽

The South ◽

China Sea

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First record of the rare stenopodidean shrimp Odontozona spongicola (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) (Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae) from Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4915.4.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4915 (4) ◽

pp. 575-584

Author(s):

CHIEN-LIN CHEN ◽

TIN-YAM CHAN

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Rare Species ◽

Deep Sea ◽

New Record ◽

First Record ◽

The South China Sea ◽

The South ◽

China Sea

The stenopodidean shrimp Odontozona spongicola (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) collected by the South Java Deep-Sea Biodiversity Expedition 2018 (SJADES 2018) is a new record from Indonesia. The specimen of O. spongicola recently listed from the South China Sea is also formally reported here in. The characteristcs and coloration of this rare species are described and illustrated.

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A new species of Stygiopontius (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Dirivultidae) from a deep-sea cold seep in the South China Sea

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-bja10023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1535-1546

Author(s):

L. Ma ◽

M.-X. Wang ◽

X.-Z. Li

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

First Record ◽

Plumose Seta ◽

Endopodal Segment ◽

Cold Seep ◽

China Sea ◽

Stout Spine ◽

A New Species

Abstract A new species of the copepod genus Stygiopontius is described based on samples from a cold seep in northeastern South China Sea southwest to Taiwan, which were collected by the ROV Faxian with its mother vessel R/V Kexue in September 2017. The copepods were obtained by washing Shinkaia crosnieri Baba & Williams, 1998 (Decapoda: Munidopsidae) caught at a depth of 1124 m. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characteristics: caudal rami about 3.5 times as long as wide; basis of maxilliped with plumose seta, endopodal claw of maxilliped stout, with a row of fine spinules on inner margin; coxa of leg 1 with one inner seta; basis of leg 1 with stout spine exceeding to end of first endopodal segment; second endopodal segment of female leg 4 with pointed process; third exopodal segment of leg 4 with three outer spines. This is the first record of a Stygiopontius species from a cold seep.

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Eddy characteristics in the northern South China Sea as inferred from Lagrangian drifter data

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-7-661-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 661-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Large Scale ◽

Northern South China Sea ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Height Anomaly ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

China Sea ◽

Eddy Characteristics ◽

Anticyclonic Eddies

Abstract. Cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies from large scale to submesoscale in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) have been statistically characterized based on the satellite-tracked Lagrangian drifters using our developed geometric eddy identification method. There are in total 2208 eddies identified, 70% of which are anticyclonic eddies. If the submesoscale eddies are eliminated, the other eddies in the NSCS will show a 1.2:1 ratio of the number of anticyclones (210) to the number of cyclones (171). The spatial distribution of the eddies is regional: in southwest of Taiwan, the number of anticyclones dominates the number of cyclones, and most of them are the submesoscale anticyclones with small radii; in contrast, the large and medium cyclonic eddies are a little more than the same scale anticyclonic eddies in northwest of Luzon. The temporal distribution of eddy number in the NSCS has a close relation with the Asian monsoon. The number of the large and medium eddies peaks during the winter monsoon, while the submesoscale eddies are apt to generate in the summer monsoon. The spatial and temporal patterns have a good agreement with the results of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA). The maximum and mean tangential velocities of anticyclones (cyclones) are 40 (30) cm s−1 and 25 (15) cm s−1, respectively. The calculated normalized vorticities from drifters suggest that although the mesoscale eddies may be considered in geostrophic balance, ageostrophic dynamics and centrifugal effects may play an important role for the growth and decay of the mesoscale cores.

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First record of a rare copepod Lucicutia hulsemannae Markhaseva & Ferrari, 2005 (Calanoida, Lucicutiidae) for the South China Sea

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003943 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 1249-1256

Author(s):

Y. Z. Feng ◽

Z. S. Liu

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

First Record ◽

Lateral View ◽

The South China Sea ◽

The South ◽

China Sea ◽

Chinese Waters ◽

Marginal Seta

Abstract The calanoid copepod Lucicutia hulsemannae Markhaseva & Ferrari, 2005 has, until now, only been recorded from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, i.e., in its description as a new species. The present study now reports L. hulsemannae for the first time from the southern basin of the South China Sea (7°59.57′N 113°0.1′E), at depths of 500-800 m. The main morphological characteristics of females of this species are: (i) Cephalosome with a pair of strong, triangular, lateral protrusions; (ii) plug of genital double-somite conical in lateral view, with swollen base; (iii) second urosomal somite significantly wider and shorter than third; (iv) inner marginal seta of second exopodal segment of fifth pereiopod (P5) thin towards its tip. This finding considerably expands the reported global distribution of L. hulsemannae, at the same time updating the checklist of copepods for Chinese waters.

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Analysis of Severe Droughts in Taiwan and its Related Atmospheric and Oceanic Environments

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10030159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chih-wen Hung ◽

Ming-Fu Shih

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Large Scale ◽

Drought Index ◽

The South China Sea ◽

Severe Drought ◽

The South ◽

China Sea ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Oceanic Environments

Drought is one of the important issues in climate studies. A drought index, Taiwan Meteorological Drought index (TMD index), was previously proposed and is applied here to identify historical severe droughts in Taiwan in order to clarify the corresponding large-scale backgrounds as a potential alert to the society in future. Through the TMD index, several historical severe drought cases in Taiwan are detected and characterized by significant seasonal variability in the annual cycle. Composites for large-scale atmospheric and oceanic environments over different periods within the dry season are conducted. From October to December, the colder sea surface temperature (SST) pattern of Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) and the PMM-induced local anomalous anticyclones over the South China Sea are both in charge of the extremely dry conditions in Taiwan. From January to February, cold SST in the South China Sea and its adjacent oceans dominates local atmospheric conditions above these regions and creates an unfavorable environment for convection systems. From March to May, a massive anomalous anticyclonic circulation centering beside Alaska and extending its properties to East Asia and Taiwan generates a descending environment and in turn suppresses convection systems to develop. Therefore, the extremely dry conditions under this system are expected.

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A Preliminary Study of the Microbial Resources and Their Biological Activities of the East China Sea

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/806485 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaoling Lu ◽

Xiaoyu Liu ◽

Cong Long ◽

Guoxiang Wang ◽

Yun Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

East China Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structure Type ◽

East China ◽

Marine Microorganisms ◽

The East China Sea ◽

China Sea

East China Sea is one of the four sea areas in China, which possesses peculiar ecological environment and many kinds of living creatures, especially the microorganisms. We established the East China Sea microorganism library (during 2006–2010) for the first time, which stored about 30000 strains that covered most kinds of the species. In this paper, 395 pure strains of East China Sea microorganism library which belong to 33 different genera were mainly introduced.Sulfitobacter,Halomonas,Bacillus,Pseudoalteromonas, andIdiomarinawere the most dominant species. On the large-scale biological activity screening of the 395 strains, 100 strains possess different biological activities based on different screening models, of which 11.4% strains have antibacterial activities, 15.9% have cytotoxicity activities, and 6.1% have antioxidation activities. Besides, the secondary metabolites of 6 strains with strong biological activities were studied systematically; diketopiperazines and macrocyclic lactones are the active secondary metabolites. The species and the biological activity of microorganisms diversity, the abundant structure type of the secondary metabolites, and their bioactivities all indicate that East China Sea is a potent marine microorganisms-derived developing resource for drug discovery.

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Low-Cloud Transitions across the Kuroshio Front in the East China Sea

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-15-0589.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 4429-4443 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jing-Wu Liu ◽

Shang-Ping Xie ◽

Shuang Yang ◽

Su-Ping Zhang

Keyword(s):

East China Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

East Asian Monsoon ◽

East China ◽

The East China Sea ◽

Asian Monsoon Region ◽

China Sea ◽

Low Clouds ◽

Low Cloud ◽

Different Seasons

Abstract The East China Sea Kuroshio (ECSK) flows in the East Asian monsoon region where the background atmospheric circulation varies significantly with season. A sea surface temperature (SST) front associated with the ECSK becomes narrower and sharper from winter to spring. The present study investigates how low clouds respond to the ECSK front in different seasons by synthesizing spaceborne lidar and surface visual observations. The results reveal prominent cross-frontal transitions in low clouds, which exhibit distinct behavior between winter and spring. In winter, cloud responses are generally confined below 4 km by the strong background descending motion and feature a gradual cloud-top elevation from the cold to the warm flank of the front. The ice clouds on the cold flank of the ECSK front transform into liquid water clouds and rain on the warm flank. The springtime clouds, by contrast, are characterized by a sharp cross-frontal transition with deep clouds reaching up to 7 km over the ECSK. In both winter and spring, the low-cloud morphology exhibits a large transformation from the cold to the warm flank of the ECSK front, including increases in cloud-top height, a decline in smoothness of cloud top, and the transition from stratiform to convective clouds. All this along with the atmospheric soundings indicates that the decoupling of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is more prevalent on the warm flank of the front. Thus, long-term observations reveal prominent cross-frontal low-cloud transitions in morphology associated with MABL decoupling that resemble a large-scale cloud-regime transition over the eastern subtropical Pacific.

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Partitioning between strike-slip and orthogonal extension in the western South China Sea

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9137 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pan Luo ◽

Jianye Ren ◽

Xi He ◽

Chao Lei ◽

Junjie Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

Continental Crust ◽

South China ◽

Large Scale ◽

Strike Slip ◽

Fault System ◽

Relative Role ◽

China Sea ◽

Kinematic Evolution ◽

Mantle Exhumation

Our study focuses on the Zhongjianna (ZJN) (Phu Kham) Basin, located at the western termination of the South China Sea (SCS) and separated from the Indochina continent by the N-S striking East Vietnam Boundary Fault Zone, which is a large scale strike-slip fault system. The sedimentary infill history of the ZJN basin records the complete evolution and interaction of the Indochina-SCS system and allows the tectonic and kinematic evolution of the basin to be understood.. The discovery of hyper-extended continental crust and mantle exhumation in this basin leads to the question of what is the relative role of large-scale strike-slip and orthogonal faulting in controlling crustal thinning in the ZJN basin.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Our preliminary results confirm the existence of hyperextended continental crust flooring the ZJN basin. Two different types of structures can be identified in this area: extension related deformation in the eastern part and strike-slip related deformation in the western part. The analysis of fault geometries and kinematics linked to timing and subsidence rates suggest that the N-S-orientated strike-slip structures dominated the continental shelf and slope area on the west side of the basin. In the basin, however, most faults strike NE-SW and are parallel to the mid-ocean ridge. Thus, it appears that the ZJN basin resulted from the partitioning between strike-slip and orthogonal extension.In our presentation we show the results of our seismic interpretation, strain and subsidence analysis and discuss the interaction between strike-slip and orthogonal extension in setting up the hyper-extended ZJN basin and its implications for the large scale tectonic and geodynamic framework.

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