Salt tolerance and exclusion in the mangrove plant Avicennia marina in relation to root apoplastic barriers

Abstract Respiration and related aspects of metabolism were investigated in the roots and leaves of 2-year-old trees of the mangrove plant, Avicennia marina in the presence of 100, 250 and 500 mᴍ NaCl. The rate of respiration of leaves increased with increasing concentrations of NaCl in the incubation medium, but respiration of roots was not similarly affected. In order to examine the relative rates of catabolism of glucose by the glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PP pathway), we determined the rates of release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose and from [ 6 -14C]glucose in segments of roots and leaves. The ratios of rates (C6/C1) in roots varied from 0.30 to 0.44, while ratios of 0.85 to 0.99 were obtained when leaves were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of NaCl. It appeared that the PP pathway was more involved in sugar catabolism in the roots than in the leaves of A. marina. Uniformaly 14C-labelled sucrose, incubated with segments of roots and leaves for 18 h, was converted to CO2, amino acids (mainly glutamine), organic acids (mainly malic acid), sugars and ethanol-insoluble macromolecules. The incorporation of radioactivity into most of these components was not significantly affected by NaCl. However, in leaves (but not in roots) the release of 14CO2 from [ U -14C]sucrose was en hanced by NaCl at 250 mᴍ and 500 mᴍ, while the rate of incorporation of radioactivity into macromolecules was reduced by high concentrations of NaCl. Incorporation of radioactivity from [ U -14C]sucrose into malic acid was enhanced in both roots and leaves by an increase in the concentration of NaCl from 100 mᴍ to 500 mᴍ (this concentrations is similar to that in sea water). Independent of the concentration of NaCl, more than half of the radioactivity in the neutral fraction from leaves was incorporated into an unidentified sugar, while in the same fraction from roots, the radioactivity was associated with glucose, fructose and sucrose. On the basis of these results, a discussion is presented of the characteristics of catabolism of sugars in A. marina in relation to salt resistance.

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Compatible Solutes and Inorganic Ions in the Mangrove Plant Avicennia marina and Their Effects on the Activities of Enzymes

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1997-7-804 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 52 (7-8) ◽

pp. 433-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Hiroshi Ashihara ◽

Kyoko Adachi ◽

Miho Otawa ◽

Eri Yasumoto ◽

Yuko Fukushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compatible Solutes ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Nmr Studies ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Young Leaves ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Naturally grown two-month-old seedlings of Avicennia marina contain high concentrations of Na+ and Cl-.+ Our NMR studies revealed an accumulation of glycinebetaine, asparagine and stachyose in A. marina. The highest concentration of glycinebetaine was observed in young leaves, while the distribution of stachyose was restricted in stems and roots. A sparagine comprised more than 96% of total free amino acids in roots and 84% in leaves from two-year-old plants. Little or no accumulation of proline or polyols, which are proposed as compatible solutes in other plants, could be detected in A. marina. The activities of phosphofructokinase, pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD:malate dehydrogenase from young leaves of A. marina were inhibited by NaCl, while the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase was activated by 50-200 m M NaCl. There was little or no effect of high concentrations (up to 500 mᴍ ) of glycinebetaine on the activities of any of these enzymes. No significant protection by glycinebetaine was detected against NaCl inhibition of these enzymatic activities. Based on these results, possible mechanisms for the salt-resistance of A. marina cells are discussed.

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Identification of salt tolerance genes from the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorhiza using Agrobacterium functional screening

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.11.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 176 (2) ◽

pp. 272-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Shota Ezawa ◽

Yuichi Tada

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Functional Screening ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorhiza

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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of a mangrove plant Avicennia marina (Forsk.)

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine ◽

10.12980/jclm.3.2015j5-58 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 713-717 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pooja Moteriya ◽

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

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The Chemical Investigations of the Mangrove Plant Avicennia marina and its Endophytes!

The Open Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/1874848100902010024 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Feng Zhu ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Yihua Yuan ◽

Meizhen Huang ◽

Huili Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avicennia Marina ◽

Mangrove Plant

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Expression of some salt tolerance genes isolated from Egyptian gray mangrove (Avicennia marina)

SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.54910/sabrao2021.53.4.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 685-696

Author(s):

A.A. El-Atawy ◽

M.S. Rizk ◽

E.S. El-Demerdash ◽

M.Z.S. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

High Light Intensity ◽

Abiotic Factor ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

South Sinai ◽

Cultivable Land ◽

Ferritin Gene

Mangroves are well-adapted halophytes that thrive in coastal saline environments. They live under difficult environmental conditions, such as high light intensity and external salt concentrations, as well as low-oxygen environments, such as water-logged muck, that are typically inappropriate for the survival of other plants. Salinity is a major abiotic factor that affects plant growth, productivity, and dispersal in tropical and semitropical intertidal areas. Furthermore, it affects approximately 20% of all cultivable land and 50% of all irrigated land on the planet. Mangroves have developed a sophisticated salt filtration mechanism and a complicated root structure to withstand salty water exposure and tidal movement. The expression patterns of five salt tolerance genes (amFer1, amDhna, amSod1, amCat1, and amUbc2) in the Egyptian gray mangrove (Avicennia marina Forssk.) grown under different environmental conditions in South Sinai protectorates (Nabq, Ras Mohamed, Safaga, and Wadi El-Gemal), Egypt, were investigated in this study. This study aimed to assess and examine the genetic behavior of mangroves in response to salinity by using quantitative real-time PCR. Findings revealed differences in the expression patterns of the investigated genes under various conditions, showing that salinity influences plant genetic response. Ferritin gene expression was high in all locations, indicating that ferritin represents an essential component of the mangrove response mechanisms.

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The effect of mangroves amendments to soil on root rot and root knot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2008.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 115-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marium Tariq ◽

Shahnaz Dawar ◽

Fatima S. Mehdi ◽

Muhammad J. Zaki

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Root Weight ◽

Complete Suppression ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Shoot Weight

Leaves, stem and pneumatophore of Avicennia marina and leaves and stem of Rhizophora mucronata were used as the organic amendments at 0.1, 1 and 5% concentrations in the control of root rot fungi like (Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phasoelina) and root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on potato. In pot experiments, germination of seeds, shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and number of knots were significantly increased when plant parts like leaves, stem and pneumatophore of A. marina and R. mucronata were used at 1 and 5% concentrations. There was a complete suppression in infection of R. solani and M. phaseolina when A. marina and R. mucronata were used at 5% concentration on potato. Maximum inhibition of knots of M. javanica was observed when powder made from mangrove plant parts was used at 1 and 5% concentrations. Powder from all plant parts, like leaves, stem and pneumatophore, was effective in suppression of root infecting fungi and root knot nematode.

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