scholarly journals The effect of mangroves amendments to soil on root rot and root knot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Tariq ◽  
Shahnaz Dawar ◽  
Fatima S. Mehdi ◽  
Muhammad J. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Weight

Leaves, stem and pneumatophore of <i>Avicennia marina</i> and leaves and stem of <i>Rhizophora mucronata</i> were used as the organic amendments at 0.1, 1 and 5% concentrations in the control of root rot fungi like (<i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Macrophomina phasoelina</i>) and root knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> on potato. In pot experiments, germination of seeds, shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and number of knots were significantly increased when plant parts like leaves, stem and pneumatophore of <i>A. marina</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i> were used at 1 and 5% concentrations. There was a complete suppression in infection of <i>R. solani</i> and <i>M. phaseolina</i> when <i>A. marina</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i> were used at 5% concentration on potato. Maximum inhibition of knots of <i>M. javanica</i> was observed when powder made from mangrove plant parts was used at 1 and 5% concentrations. Powder from all plant parts, like leaves, stem and pneumatophore, was effective in suppression of root infecting fungi and root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic Amendments against Rice Root-KnotNematode at Seedling Stage of Rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Kumar Dangal ◽  
D. Sharma Poudyal ◽  
S. M. Shrestha ◽  
C. Adhikari ◽  
J. M. Duxbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Lesion Severity

Pot experiment was conducted during July-September 2006 to evaluate some organic amendments such as sesame (Sesamum indicum) biomass, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) biomass, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, chinaberry (Melia azedarch) leaves and chicken manure @ 1, 2 and 3 t ha-1 each against the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield) in direct seeded rice. The treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The number of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. graminicola was significantly low in chicken manure @ 3 t ha-1. The root knot severity index was significantly low in sesame @ 3 t ha-1, chinaberry @ 3, 2 or 1 t ha-1, neem @ 3 t ha-1 and chicken manure @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 amended soil but root lesion severity index was lower only in chicken manure @ 2 t ha-1 treated plots. The fresh shoot weight and length were significantly high in chicken manure amendment @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 at 45th day after seeding. However, the fresh root weight, length, number of leaves and number of J2 recovered from the roots were non-significant. Key words: biomass; juveniles; Meloidogyne graminicola; root-knot severity index; root lesion severity index DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3160 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 21-27

scholarly journals Gamma Radiation (60Co) Exposure and Application of Antagonists for the Suppression of Root Rot Diseases in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek)

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dawar ◽  
M.J. Zaki ◽  
N. Ikram ◽  
M. Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Helianthus Annus

An experiment was carried out for the control of root rot fungi such as Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Seeds were treated with gamma radiation (60Co) for 0, 2, 8 and 16 minutes intervals and soil was drenched with different antagonists such as Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula and Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard. All the antagonists significantly increased germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot weight, root weight, leaf area and showed complete suppression of M. phaseolina and R. solani observed in mung bean and sunflower. In both crops, mostly growth parameters increased as the exposure of gamma rays increased whereas in some cases it decreased. P. aeruginosa and R. meliloti were observed to be satisfactory biocontrol agents followed by T. harzianum whereas all exposure time of irradiation of gamma rays (60Co) to seeds of mung bean and sunflower were found to be best.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4309

scholarly journals Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and soil organic amendments for the management of root diseases complex of uridbean

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Siddiqui ◽  
S. S.. Shaukat ◽  
S. Ehteshamul-Haque
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Efficacy of two strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (Pa-5 and IE-2) and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> isolate alone or in conjunction with neem cake or <i>Datura fastuosa</i> was tested for the management of three soilbrne root-infecting fungi including <i>Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and the root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> on uridbean. Biocontrol bacteria used in combination with either neem cake or <i>D.fastuosa</i> gave better control of the root-rot and root-knot infection with the enhancement of growth of uridbean compared to the use ofeither component alone. Neem cake l% w/w mixed with <i>P.aeruginosa</i> strain IE-2 caused greatest inhibition of the root-knot development due to <i>M.javanica, P.aeruginosa</i> and <i>B.subtilis</i> used with organic amendment also increased <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>-nodules in the root system.

Usage of green manure plants as cover-crops in controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) on tomato, Lyco-persicon esculentum (Mill.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
L. D. Amarasinghe ◽  
N. W. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Plant Parts

This study was conducted to determine the nematicidal effect of aqueous extractions of dry plant materials, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium and Tagetes erecta on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) and to determine the effect of dry leaves of wild sunflower, dry leaves of Gliri-cidia, and dry plant parts of marigold as cover crops on the growth of potted tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) infested with M. incognita. Nemati-cidal effect of aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia, G. sepium and T. erecta (20 g/ 100 mL w/v) were evaluated at 0.05 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL and 0.2 g/mL concentrations in the laboratory bioassay. Results revealed that 0.1 g/ mL and 0.2 g/ mL concentration of T. erecta and 0.2 g/mL concentration of T. diversifolia were very effective in juvenile mortality by over 50% within 48 hours com-pared to other treatments. T. erecta plant parts were the most effective causing above 70% juvenile mortality in 48 hours. M. incognita infested potted tomato plants supplement with dry plant parts of Marigold (2% w/w) showed; significantly higher number of green leaves (P=0.000, F=10.95); significantly lower number of yellow leaves (P=0.001, F=6.78); significantly high-er plant height (P=0.000, F=8.90), stem diameter (P=0.000, F=11.83), root length (P=0.000, F=14.71) and root weight (P=0.000, F=15.08); significantly lower number of root galls (P=0.000, F=116.74), gall index (P=0.000, F=95.80) and significantly lower population of M. incognita in soil (P=0.000, F=24.78) compared to other treatments. This study concludes that addition of botani-cals as cover crops enhanced plant growth and significantly reduced root-knot infestation in tomato plants.

Effect of Some Bacterial and Fungal Bioagents for Management of Root-knot Nematode and Soil Born Fungus in Cucumber under Protected Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydeep Ashok Patil ◽  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Sewak Ram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Shoot Weight

Abstract Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the most destructive disease under polyhouse conditions. The study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber.Results: All bioagents were taken @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, Chemical checks as well as untreated check were also maintained. The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length, root length, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran followed by higher dose of liquid formulation of bioagents. Among bioagents, liquid formulation of bioagents was significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (147.3), fresh shoot weight (55.6), dry shoot weight (22.51) and dry root weight (4.50) and most effective in suppressing root knot nematode galling (43) and final population in soil (131) and fungus wilt incidence (25 %) at 30th day of after germination followed by P. lilacinum T. viride and P. fluorescence. Conclusion: The results suggest that the liquid formulation of bioagents was more effective in suppression of root-knot nematode and fungus complex disease than the powder formulations of bioagents. More studies should be needed in future to evaluate the efficacy of bioagents as seed treatments and soil applications under field conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leaf Extract of Pawpaw (Carica papaya (L.)) in the Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in Garden Egg (Solanum melongena (L.))

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
I. Umar ◽  
M. B. Aji ◽  
A. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Shoot Weight

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most important soil borne pathogen affecting Garden eggplant in Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Screen house of Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology in 2013 to evaluate the effect of (Pawpaw) Carica papaya leaf powder for the control of root-knot nematode M. javanica on Garden egg. The experiment consisted of five treatments replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design in the screen house. C. papaya powder at different levels 50 g, 40 g, 30 g, 20 g and control which received no treatment were incorporated into fifteen  (15) separate pots of 20cm diameter containing 4 kg sterilized soil. Data collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves, fresh shoot weight (g), fresh root weight, dry root weight (g), gall index and final nematode population. The result indicated that Garden eggplant amended with 50 g C. papaya recorded higher growth parameters, plant height (33.75 cm), number of leaves (29.00), fresh shoot weight (145.40 g), gall index (1.33) and the least final nematode population (160.50), whereas the control recorded the least growth parameters, plant height (10.20cm), number of leaves (9.33), fresh shoot weight (9.76 g) and highest gall index (5.0) and final nematode population (1063.87). It can then concluded that Carica papaya powder when used as an amendment was effective in controlling M. javanica in garden egg under screenhouse and has the potential for use as a nematicide in the future. This study recommends that C. papaya leaf powder should be put to field trials to ascertain its efficacy in controlling M. javanica on garden egg.

scholarly journals Resistance to Phytophthora citrophthora and P. parasitica and Nursery Characteristics of Several Citrus Rootstocks

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Matheron ◽  
G. C. Wright ◽  
M. Porchas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Phytophthora Citrophthora ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Citrus Macrophylla ◽  
Stem Lesions

Studies were conducted to compare existing and potential citrus rootstocks with respect to resistance to root rot and gummosis caused by Phytophthora citrophthora and P. parasitica in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments and horticultural performance under simulated nursery conditions. Depending upon rootstock and experiment, mean root weights resulting from inoculation with P. citrophthora were 27 to 96% lower than the comparable controls. In similar experiments with the same rootstocks, inoculation with P. parasitica resulted in root weights that were 38 to 95% less than weights of the noninoculated controls. During 1994 or 1995, mean root weight reduction compared with noninoculated plants among Citrus macrophylla, rough lemon, C. volkameriana, and Sunki mandarin × Flying Dragon trifoliate (62-109-19) attributable to P. citrophthora and mean root weight reduction among C. macrophylla, C. volkameriana, rough lemon, Sacaton citrumelo, Sunki mandarin × Flying Dragon trifoliate (62-109-19), African shaddock × Rubidoux trifoliate, and Shekwasha mandarin × English trifoliate attributable to P. parasitica were significantly less than those recorded for all other tested rootstocks. Rootstocks that sustained a low percentage of root weight reduction generally experienced a low percentage of shoot weight reduction and survived longer as well. In evaluation of resistance to gummosis, depending on rootstock and experiment, the mean length of stem lesions caused by P. citrophthora on rootstocks ranged from 0.2 to 25.0 mm, whereas values for P. parasitica ranged from 0.2 to 18.5 mm. Stem lesions smaller than 5 mm in length were recorded for 21 and 14 of 36 different rootstocks inoculated with P. citrophthora and P. parasitica, respectively. On the other hand, P. citrophthora and P. parasitica caused stem lesions of at least 10 mm in length on 8 and 16 citrus rootstocks, respectively. Desirable nursery characteristics, including vigorous growth, minimal branching, and high leaf chlorophyll content, were demonstrated most prominently by Gomiri rough lemon, C. volkameriana, and Benton citrange, and to a lesser degree by some other rootstocks. Possible factors that could account for inconsistent classification of some citrus rootstocks as susceptible or resistant to Phytophthora root rot and gummosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Interaction Effect of Soilless Media and Organic Amendments for Eco-Friendly Root-Knot Nematode Management in Brinjal and Tomato Nursery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambuj Bhardwaj ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
B.K. Goswami ◽  
Vijay Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Soilless Media ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Brinjal and tomato are the most important transplanted vegetable crops of the Solanaceae family. The successful cultivation of these crops is vital for meeting the nutritional dietary requirement of India’s population and earning foreign exchange for the country by exporting vegetables to foreign countries. However, there are several abiotic and biotic impediments in the cultivation of these crops. Among biotic impediments , plant-parasitic nematodes have become one of the critical factor adversely affecting the cultivation of these vegetables. In general, Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode) is the most common, widespread and economically damaging plant parasitic nematode species in tomato and brinjal crop. In addition to the damage caused by root – knot nematode, it stimulates the entry of soil-borne pathogens leading to development of the disease complex. The present study was undertaken to study the interaction effect of soil & soilless growing media viz. cocopeat and vermicompost along with organic amendments i.e., Trichoderma, AM fungus, and Cabbage residue incorporated individually as well as in different combinations for eco-friendly root-knot nematode management in brinjal and tomato nursery. The results indicated that treatment C-8 (Cocopeat + Trichoderma + AM fungus + Cabbage residues) recorded the superior germination count, germination percentage, days to 50% germination, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, root weight, shoot weight and root: shoot ratio. It is pertinent to mention that the soilless media, along with various organic amendments, were found to be superior for all the root and shoot attributes as compared to the conventional soil media for growing healthy nursery of tomato and brinjal in root knot nematode infested geographies. Our findings provide an effective and sustainable method of growing healthy plant nursery in nematode infested regions.

Yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are not injured by increasing root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) population density

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Stephen H. Thomas ◽  
Leigh W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse studies in 1995 and 1996 examined the response of yellow and purple nutsedge to inoculation with increasing densities of southern root-knot nematodes. Yellow and purple nutsedge root and shoot weight, numbers of leaves and tubers produced, and tuber weight were unaffected across 17 nematode inoculum densities that ranged from 0 to 20,000 eggs per 15-cm pot, four times the maximum nematode density recorded under field conditions in New Mexico. Hence, yellow and purple nutsedge do not exhibit a classic threshold response to root-knot nematodes. Moreover, the results suggest that the relationship between these nematodes and perennial nutsedges is an example of a positive biological interaction. The relationship between root-knot nematodes and purple nutsedge appears to be one of commensalism, because while the nematodes reproduced effectively, purple nutsedge reproduction was not related to final nematode populations. The relationship between yellow nutsedge and root-knot nematodes appears to be a mutually beneficial one, because yellow nutsedge tuber number and weight and root weight increased as final nematode populations increased. However, while both nutsedges were unaffected in the absence of the association, root-knot nematodes cannot survive without a host plant.

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