scholarly journals One Instructional Sequence Fits all? A Conceptual Analysis of the Applicability of Concreteness Fading in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Kokkonen ◽  
Lennart Schalk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Multiple External Representations ◽  
Instructional Goals ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Concrete Representations ◽  
Concreteness Fading ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Abstract To help students acquire mathematics and science knowledge and competencies, educators typically use multiple external representations (MERs). There has been considerable interest in examining ways to present, sequence, and combine MERs. One prominent approach is the concreteness fading sequence, which posits that instruction should start with concrete representations and progress stepwise to representations that are more idealized. Various researchers have suggested that concreteness fading is a broadly applicable instructional approach. In this theoretical paper, we conceptually analyze examples of concreteness fading in the domains of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology and discuss its generalizability. We frame the analysis by defining and describing MERs and their use in educational settings. Then, we draw from theories of analogical and relational reasoning to scrutinize the possible cognitive processes related to learning with MERs. Our analysis suggests that concreteness fading may not be as generalizable as has been suggested. Two main reasons for this are discussed: (1) the types of representations and the relations between them differ across different domains, and (2) the instructional goals between domains and subsequent roles of the representations vary.

scholarly journals Prosodic organization of English folk riddles and the mechanism of their decoding

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Larysa Taranenko
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Auditory Analysis ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
Phonetic Study ◽  
Methodological Ground

The paper advances a cognitive model representing a creative mechanism of riddle decoding by its recipient, which serves as a theoretical and methodological ground for the experimental phonetic study of prosodic means that organize the text of a riddle. Within the process of cognitive model formation the author performs a conceptual analysis of the riddle compositional structure, presented as a systemic algorithmic scheme. It is confirmed that a characteristic feature of a folk riddle is its division into two elements: the first one is the description of an object, further differentiated into “topic” and “commentary”, while the second one is the riddle answer, or solution, generated directly in the recipient’s mind as a result of his/her mental activities. The carried out auditory analysis proves that such a limitation of the riddle’s structure is compensated by a set of prosodic means and their specific interaction, which trigger creative and cognitive processes in the recipient’s mind aimed at searching for the riddle solution.

Implications for neurobiological research of cognitive models of psychosis: a theoretical paper

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPPA A. GARETY ◽  
PAUL BEBBINGTON ◽  
DAVID FOWLER ◽  
DANIEL FREEMAN ◽  
ELIZABETH KUIPERS
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Neurobiological Research

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive models of the positive symptoms of psychosis specify the cognitive, social and emotional processes hypothesized to contribute to their occurrence and persistence, and propose that vulnerable individuals make characteristic appraisals that result in specific positive symptoms.MethodWe describe cognitive models of positive psychotic symptoms and use this as the basis of discussing recent relevant empirical investigations and reviews that integrate cognitive approaches into neurobiological frameworks.ResultsEvidence increasingly supports a number of the hypotheses proposed by cognitive models. These are that: psychosis is on a continuum; specific cognitive processes are risk factors for the transition from subclinical experiences to clinical disorder; social adversity and trauma are associated with psychosis and with negative emotional processes; and these emotional processes contribute to the occurrence and persistence of psychotic symptoms. There is also evidence that reasoning biases contribute to the occurrence of delusions.ConclusionsThe benefits of incorporating cognitive processes into neurobiological research include more sophisticated, bidirectional and interactive causal models, the amplification of phenotypes in neurobiological investigations by including emotional processes, and the adoption of more specific clinical phenotypes. For example, there is potential value in studying gene×environment×cognition/emotion interactions. Cognitive models and their derived phenotypes constitute the missing link in the chain between genetic or acquired biological vulnerability, the social environment and the expression of individual positive symptoms.

Applications of Cognitive Developmental Theory and Data to Educational Psychology

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Graeme S. Halford
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Intellectual Activities ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Recent developments in Cognitive Psychology and in the new discipline of Cognitive Science (an integration of Cognitive Psychology, Computer Science, Linguistics, Philosophy of Mind, and Cognitive Neuroscience) have made it appropriate to consider new ways in which Cognitive Development and Educational Psychology can benefit each other. Cognitive Development can contribute to Educational Psychology by specifying cognitive processes entailed in educationally relevant tasks, by analysing processing loads, and by indicating more efficient ways of using available capacity. Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science have now produced some penetrating theories of the cognitive processes that underlie a wide variety of intellectual activities. Although there is still much work remaining to be done, these developments can be used to analyse the strategies children and adults use in solving problems in areas such as mathematics and science. This can result in benefits in both learning and remediation. Educational Psychology can benefit Cognitive Development by offering alternativeconcepts, by providing realistic problems for analysis, and by providing a testing ground for its theories. I will illustrate these ideas in the area of mathematics.

scholarly journals Carnivore Concepts: Categorization in Carnivores “Bears” Further Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vonk ◽  
Jessica A. Leete
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Natural Categories ◽  
Conceptual Ability ◽  
Future Work

Although categorization abilities may serve as the foundation for most other complex cognitive processes, this topic has been grossly understudied in the order Carnivora. However, there are a growing number of studies examining the abilities of bears, felines, and canines to discriminate among stimuli that could represent conceptual categories. These studies are few in number compared to the extensive work conducted on non-human primates, but, thus far, results suggest that carnivores show comparable abilities to, for example; form natural categories, discriminate quantities, recognize cues of human emotion, and to discriminate kin. There is little existing work exploring concepts of sameness and relational reasoning in carnivores, and work on social concepts, such as representations of mental states, exist only in canines. Future studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms underlying carnivores’ categorization abilities and conceptual representations. Furthermore, future work should focus on differences in conceptual ability as a function of social lifestyle and dietary preferences within carnivores. Such studies will be helpful in understanding the evolutionary pressures responsible for conceptual processes in a variety of species, including humans.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN PESISIR HOLTEKAMP KOTA JAYAPURA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Leonardo Elisa Aisoi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Plankton Diversity ◽  
Mathematics And Science

The research on abundance and diversity of phytoplankton has been conducted in the coastal waters of PLTU Holtekamp, Muara Tami district, Jayapura City, Papua Province. The background of this research is environmental was changed and it caused by human activities, PLTU activities, both of derived from organic and inorganic contamination. The purpose of research was to determine the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in these waters. This research was observation research, namely by taking samples from 3 stations. Sampling was use planktonnet, observe was use microscope, identified, counted, and analyzed plankton diversity index. Identification was carried out at the Zoology Laboratory of the Biology Education Study Program, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Teacher and Education Faculty, Cenderawasih University. Plankton abundance was calculated using Lackey Drop Micro Transect Counting Method and Plankton diversity was calculated using formulas Shannon-Weaner. The result shows that there were 17 genera of phytoplankton which were dominated by  diatoms and dinoflagellates. The highest abundance found in the station 3 is 2655 ind/l. Diversity index (H') ranged from 1.73 to 1.90 which indicates that there is unstable ecological conditions and dominance index (C) ranging from 0.24 to 0.28 which indicating there no dominant species.

scholarly journals How sustainable are different levels of consciousness?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Johan Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Global Workspace ◽  
Incoming Information ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Global Workspace Theory

The human brain processes a wide variety of inputs and does so either consciously or subconsciously. According to the Global Workspace theory, conscious processing involves broadcasting of information to several regions of the brain and subconscious processing involves more localized processing. This theoretical paper aims to expand on some of the aspects of the Global Workspace theory: how the properties of incoming information result in it being processed subconsciously or consciously; why processing can be either be sustained or short-lived; how the Global Workspace theory may apply both to real-time sensory input as well as to internally retained information. This paper proposes that: familiar input which does not elicit intense emotions becomes processed subconsciously and such processing can be continuous and sustained; input that elicits relatively intense emotions is subjected to highly sustainable conscious processing; input can also undergo meta-conscious processing. Such processing is not very sustainable but can exert control over other cognitive processes. This paper also discusses possible benefits of regulating cognitive processes this way.

Concreteness Fading in Mathematics and Science Instruction: a Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Fyfe ◽  
Nicole M. McNeil ◽  
Ji Y. Son ◽  
Robert L. Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Concreteness Fading ◽  
Mathematics And Science

scholarly journals Preface: International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (ICMScE 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2098 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Mathematics And Science Education ◽  
Virtual Conference ◽  
The University ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Abstract ICMScE is one of the conferences held by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. This year, ICMScE was conducted on 12 June 2021 with the theme “Sustainable-Thinking Competences Awareness toward Society 5.0 in the Light of COVID-19”. This theme is considered to represent the needs of mathematics and science education in the present and beyond to meet a smart and sustainable society. Due to growing concerns about COVID-19, ICMScE 2021 cancelled its physical conference this year instead of shifting to a virtual conference. The ICMScE participants came from various universities in Indonesia and abroad; therefore, it became an opportunity for the participant to share knowledge, exchange ideas, and have the opportunity to collaborate. This conference presents five Keynote Speakers: Prof. Charles Hopkins from UNESCO Chair in reorienting teacher education towards sustainability, York University, Toronto, Canada; Dr. Ida Kaniawati, M.Si, from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia; Prof. Benö Csapó from the University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Prof. Muammer Çalik from Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey and Prof. Ts. Dr. Faaizah Binti Shahbodin from University Teknikal Malaysia. In addition to the keynote, there were also invited speakers from Indonesia who contributed to ICMScE: Prof. Dr. Nahadi, M.Pd., M.Si (Chemistry Education), Prof. Topik Hidayat, M.Si., Ph.D (Biology Education), Dr. Eko Hariyono, M.Pd (Science Education), Prof. Turmudi, M.Ed., M.Sc., Ph.D (Mathematics Education) and Prof. Dr. Wawan Setiawan, M.Kom (Computer Education). A total of 540 participants participated in ICMScE 2021, 451 of whom were presenters. After reviewing and selecting 144 selected articles to be published to the present proceeding List of Committee List is available in this pdf.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

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