Spatial distribution and health risk of exposure to BTEX in urban area: a comparison study of different land-use types and traffic volumes

This study attempts to discuss the relationship between land use spatial distribution structure and energy-related carbon emission intensity in Guangdong during 1996–2008. We quantized the spatial distribution structure of five land use types including agricultural land, industrial land, residential and commercial land, traffic land, and other land through applying spatial Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. Then the corresponding energy-related carbon emissions in each type of land were calculated in the study period. Through building the reasonable regression models, we found that the concentration degree of industrial land is negatively correlated with carbon emission intensity in the long term, whereas the concentration degree is positively correlated with carbon emission intensity in agricultural land, residential and commercial land, traffic land, and other land. The results also indicate that land use spatial distribution structure affects carbon emission intensity more intensively than energy efficiency and production efficiency do. These conclusions provide valuable reference to develop comprehensive policies for energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in a new perspective.

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Effects of Differential Heating by Land-Use types on flow and air temperature in an urban area

Korean Journal of Remote Sensing ◽

10.7780/kjrs.2016.32.6.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 603-616

Author(s):

Soo-Jin Park ◽

So-Hee Choi ◽

Jung-Eun Kang ◽

Dong-Ju Kim ◽

Da-Som Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Area ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Differential Heating ◽

Land Use Types

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Why a landscape view is important: nearby urban and agricultural land affects bird abundances in protected areas

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10719

Author(s):

Gregory Duncan Duckworth ◽

Res Altwegg

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Urban Area ◽

Protected Area ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Bird Species ◽

Grid Cell ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Bird Abundance ◽

Land Use Types

Protected areas are one of the primary conservation tools used worldwide. However, they are often embedded in a landscape that is intensely used by people, such as for agriculture or urban development. The proximity of these land-use types to protected areas can potentially affect the ecological effectiveness (or conservation effectiveness) of protected areas. In this article, we examine to what degree adjacent agricultural and urban land uses affect the ecological effectiveness of protected areas over the greater Gauteng region of South Africa. We selected 198 common, resident bird species, and analysed detection/non-detection data for these species collected over regular grid cells (approximately 61 km2 in area). For each species, we estimated abundance per grid cell with the Royle-Nichols model in relation to the proportion of protected area as a covariate. Our study focused on how this relationship between proportion of protected area and abundance (which we term the ‘protection–abundance relationship’) changed as a function of other land-use types in the grid cell. Specifically, we examined the interaction effects between protected area and both urban and agricultural land-use type per grid cell on bird abundance. We assigned each species to one of seven guilds, namely: frugivores, gleaners, granivores, ground-feeders, hawkers, predators and vegivores, and examined how the protection–abundance relationship varied across guilds in relation to agriculture and urban area. As urban area within a grid cell increased, the protection–abundance relationship became more positive for 58% of all species. At the level of guilds, the protection–abundance relationship became more positive for two guilds (granivores and ground-feeders), more negative for frugivores, and remained unchanged for the other four guilds (gleaners, hawkers, predators and vegivores). As agricultural area within a grid cell increased, the protection–abundance relationship became more positive for 49% of all species. At the guild level, the protection–abundance relationship became more positive for six guilds (frugivores, gleaners, ground-feeders, hawkers, predators and vegivores) and remained unchanged for the granivores. Our results show land-use type near protected areas modified the effect protected areas had on bird abundances, and hence the ecological effectiveness of protected areas. Our results suggest that protected areas should be viewed as constituents within the landscape, rather than islands of protection.

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Spatial Distribution, Chemical Speciation and Health Risk of Heavy Metals from Settled Dust in Qingdao Urban Area

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10020073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hongxia Xu ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Ruhai Liu ◽

Mingyu Wang ◽

Yanyan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Health Risk ◽

Urban Area ◽

Chemical Speciation ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Principal Component ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Settled Dust ◽

Old City

Settled dust samples were collected from Qingdao urban area to analyze the spatial distribution, chemical speciation and sources of metals, and to evaluate the health risk of metals from atmospheric dust. The average contents of Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the atmospheric settled dust of Qingdao were 0.17, 0.75, 153.1, 456.7, 60.9, 176.0 and 708.3 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than soil background values. The mean exchangeable metal and carbonated-associated fraction proportions of Cd, Zn and Pb were 43.6%, 26.1% and 15%, which implies that they have high mobility and bioavailability. Higher contents of heavy metals appeared in old city areas because of the historical accumulation of metals. Principal component analysis showed that combustion sources partially contributed to Pb, Zn and other trace metals. Hg, Pb and Zn mainly originated from business, human activities and municipal construction. Cd and Cu from settled dust of the old city originated from the erosion and ageing of construction materials. The non-carcinogenic risk rankings for the seven determined heavy metals were ingestion > dermal > inhalation. Cd, Cr and Ni from settled dust showed a low carcinogenic risk. The health risks of Cr, Cu and Pb were higher in old city areas and, therefore, need special attention.

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Spatial Distribution of Land-Use Types

Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover in Mountain Region ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-7580-4_4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 67-80

Author(s):

Duo Chu

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Land Use Types

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Quantifying the Speed, Landscape Pattern Changes and Its Driving Factors of Shenzhen China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130802004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 308 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Qinxue He ◽

Yuhong Chen ◽

Yunlei Su

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Urban Land ◽

Driving Factors ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Land Use Types ◽

University Enrolment ◽

Main Factors

Urban expansion has always been a topic of great concern. The purpose of this study is to explore land use change and the types of urban expansion in Shenzhen from 1995 to 2015, and to indicate the driving factors of this change, so as to provide a paradigm for other similar studies. By analysing the landscape expansion index and the correlation coefficient between urban area and various factors in Shenzhen, the following conclusions are obtained: 1) The main changes of land use types are the decrease of cultivated land and the increase of urban land. The land cover type changed most dramatically from 2000 to 2005, and the urban land transformed from cultivated land and grassland occupied most of the area. 2) Analysis shows that during the 20 years from 1995 to 2015, the main expansion type is edge-expansion. In detail, during the period from 1995 to 2010, the proportion of infilling has been increasing, while that of the outlying has been decreasing. After 2010, the urban area of Shenzhen increased slightly. Besides, according to the landscape expansion index, Shenzhen experienced dramatic urban expansion from 2000 to 2005. 3) Education and population growth are the main factors of urban growth in Shenzhen, which is reflected in the strongest correlation between university enrolment rate and urban area.

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СТРУКТУРА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ПАРТИЗАНСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА И ПАРТИЗАНСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОКРУГА

10.35735/tig.2019.37.24.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

T.K. Muzychenko

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Software Package ◽

Transport Network ◽

Agricultural Lands ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Land Type ◽

Land Use Structure ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Total Forest Area

В данной статье была рассмотрена структура землепользования в Партизанском муниципальном районе и Партизанском городском округе за сентябрь 2017 г. Было выполнено картографирование типов земель на основе спутниковых снимков Sentinel2 за сентябрь 2017 г. посредством использования программного пакета ArcMap 10.5. Приведены площади и доли от общей площади субъектов различных типов земель, а также карта землепользования юговосточной части Партизанского городского округа. Проанализированы закономерности в пространственном распределении различных типов земель и сопоставление площадей типов использования земель между Партизанским муниципальным районом и Партизанским городским округом. Было установлено, что с большим отрывом доминирующими типами земель в данных субъектах являются лесные угодья и редколесья. Преобладание лесных угодий характерно для менее освоенных в хозяйственном плане территорий, которые располагаются в восточной и крайней северной части Партизанского муниципального района. Они также отличаются разреженной транспортнодорожной сетью, а земли населенных пунктов и сельскохозяйственные угодья либо расположены в виде небольших ареалов на большом отдалении друг от друга, либо отсутствуют вовсе. В освоенных в хозяйственном плане районах изучаемых субъектов ареалы лесных угодий вытесняются редколесьями и лугами. Транспортнодорожная сеть отличается относительной развитостью. Размеры ареалов земель населенных пунктов и сельскохозяйственных угодий увеличиваются и располагаются на меньших друг от друга расстояниях. Наиболее высокой хозяйственной освоенностью отличается долина р. Партизанской, южная часть Партизанского городского округа, а также южная часть Партизанского муниципального района, примыкающая к Находкинскому городскому округу. В целом, Партизанский муниципальный район отличается большей концентрацией сельскохозяйственных угодий и более равномерной хозяйственной освоенностью, чем Партизанский городской округ. В силу орографических особенностей территории Партизанский район также захватывает больше земель с горнотундровой и подгольцовой растительностью, а Партизанский городской округ за счет г. Партизанск имеет более солидную долю земель населенных пунктов.In the following paper September 2017 land use structure of Partizansky district and Partizansky Urban Okrug was reviewed. Patterns in spatial distribution of certain land use types were identified and interregional differences were assessed, using 1:350 000 scale land use map composed using Sentinel2 satellite imagery and ArcMap 10.5 software package. Gross areas and its percentages of total region area were calculated for each type of land. A fragment of land use map has been presented in the paper, exhibiting the prevailing types of land use in the southeastern part of Partizansky Urban Okrug. The prevailing land type in the region is forests, taking up a little over half of the researched area, and woodlands along with shrubs. Forests are concentrated in the eastern and far northern parts of Partizansky district, which are the least economically developed parts of the researched area. They have a sparse transport network and little to no settlements and agricultural lands. Still, the regions specialize primarily in agriculture and logging, which can cause a decrease in total forest area. Woodlands and shrubs, second to forests in footprint, are prevalent in the more economically developed parts of the region, which are Partizanskaya river valley, southern part of Partizansky Urban Okrug and southern part of Partizansky district adjacent to Nakhodka Urban Okrug. These areas are characterized by forest areas being much less prevalent than the average settlements, agricultural lands and meadows occurring much more densely and having larger than average footprints. These areas also tend to have a more developed and diverse transport network. Generally, Partizansky Urban Okrug is less evenly developed than Partizansky district, although Partizansky Urban Okrug has a significantly larger share of settlements lands. However, Partizansky district overall has a larger share of agricultural lands, meadows, woodlands with shrubs, which tend to occur in more economically developed areas.

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