Toxicological effects of major environmental pollutants: an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 2585-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Wasi ◽  
Shams Tabrez ◽  
Masood Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Toxicological Effects

scholarly journals Industrial emerging chemicals in the environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Vojinovic-Miloradov ◽  
Maja Turk-Sekulic ◽  
Jelena Radonic ◽  
Natasa Milic ◽  
Nevena Grujic-Letic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Sampling Campaign

In the recent time, considerable interest has grown concerning the presence of the emerging industrial chemicals, EmIC. They are contaminants that have possible pathway to enter to the environment and they are dominantly released by industrial and anthropogenic activities. EmIC are applied in different fields using as industrial chemicals (new and recently recognized), global organic contaminants (flame retardant chemicals), pharmaceuticals (for both human and animal uses), endocrine-modulating compounds, biological metabolites, personal care products, household chemicals, nanomaterial (energy storage products, lubricants), anticorrosive and agriculture chemicals and others that are applied to a wide variety of everyday items such as clothing, upholstery, electronics and automobile interiors. NORMAN (Network of reference laboratories for monitoring of emerging environmental pollutants) has established an open, dynamic, list of emerging substances and pollutants. EmIC have been recently detected in the environment due to their long-term presence, pseudo-persistence and increased use. Improvements in sophisticated analytical methods and time integrative passive sampling have enabled the identification and quantification of EmIC, in very low concentrations (ppb, ppt and lower), which likely have been present in all environmental mediums for decades. Passive technology is an innovative technique for the time-integrated measurement of emerging contaminants in water, sediment, soil and air. Passive samplers are simple handling cost-effective tool that could be used in environmental monitoring programmes. These devices are now being considered as a part of an emerging strategy for monitoring a range of emerging industrial chemicals and priority pollutants in the aquatic environment. EmIC are substances that are not included in the routine monitoring programmes and whose fate, behaviour and (eco)toxicological effects are still not well understood. Emerging pollutants have no regulatory standards based on peer-reviewed science. EmIC might jeopardize aquatic environment. The first screening analyses of emerging industrial and priority organic contaminants in the Danube surface water, in the vicinity of Novi Sad, have been done and approximately more than 140 compounds have been registered. The new sampling campaign, screening and target analyses are in progress.

scholarly journals Interaction of Environmental Pollutants with Microplastics: A Critical Review of Sorption Factors, Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicological Effects

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Menéndez-Pedriza ◽  
Joaquim Jaumot
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Persistent Organic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
New Generation

Microplastics have become one of the leading environmental threats due to their persistence, ubiquity and intrinsic toxic potential. The potential harm that microplastics impose on ecosystems varies from direct effects (i.e., entanglement and ingestion) to their ability to sorb a diversity of environmental pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic compounds or pharmaceuticals). Therefore, the toxicological assessment of the combined effects of microplastics and sorbed pollutants can produce in biota is one of the hottest topics on the environmental toxicology field. This review aims to clarify the main impacts that this interaction could have on ecosystems by (1) highlighting the principal factors that influence the microplastics sorption capacities; (2) discussing the potential scenarios in which microplastics may have an essential role on the bioaccumulation and transfer of chemicals; and (3) reviewing the recently published studies describing toxicological effects caused by the combination of microplastics and their sorbed chemicals. Finally, a discussion regarding the need for a new generation of toxicological studies is presented.

scholarly journals How do pesticides affect bats? – A brief review of recent publications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Oliveira ◽  
A. L. F. Destro ◽  
M. B. Freitas ◽  
L. L. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Pesticides Exposure

Abstract Increased agricultural production has been increased use of pesticides worldwide, which poses a threat to both human and environmental health. Recent studies suggest that several non-target organisms, from bees to mammals, show a wide variety of toxic effects of pesticides exposure, including impaired behavior, development and reproduction. Among mammals, bats are usually a neglected taxon among ecotoxicological studies, although they play important ecological and economical roles in forest ecosystems and agriculture through to seed dispersal and insect population control. Considering their wide variety of food habits, bats are exposed to environmental pollutants through food or water contamination, or through direct skin contact in their roosting areas. In order to better understand the risk posed by pesticides to bats populations, we compiled studies that investigated the main toxicological effects of pesticides in bats, aiming at contributing to discussion about the environmental risks associated with the use of pesticides.

scholarly journals Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of Danio rerio Adults

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Manuela Mauro ◽  
Valentina Lazzara ◽  
Vincenzo Arizza ◽  
Claudio Luparello ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Hormonal Levels

To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and Danio rerio is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of D. rerio adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

Computers and Iatrocomplexities

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Faer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Lung Malignancies ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Multiple Etiology ◽  
Great Advance

Developments of disease hypotheses and conceptions of disease as philosophic entities have shown bursts of great advance. One just concluded includes emergence of bacteriology and virology culminating in Koch’s Postulates, which in the twentieth century were primary bases for disease study and colored all approaches to medicine.With recent extraordinary advances in technology, medicine faces great new obligations demanding fresh approaches and untrammeled thinking for solution of problems posed. It is clear that any approach to diseases and disabilities induced by exposures to environmental pollutants must take multiple etiology into account. For example, contributing to causation of lung malignancies one must list usual dusts, radioactivity, smog, auto exhausts, cigarette smoke and genetic composition. Consideration of plural factors in genesis of environmentally associated disease leads to the hypothesis of the incremental insult, a complex and difficult conception in which must be included provision for multiple causative agents, each contributing but a fraction toward total etiology^ Computers developed to their present refinement provide necessary tools for whatever complexity required to spawn and fructify hypotheses of inter-relating associations of incremental insults leading to pathology.

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