Abstract
Air quality is a big concern all over the world. It affects both humans and animals in a variety of ways. Air must be quantified to monitor the impact, and the consistency of the air must be determined. Both stakeholders will use the knowledge collected to take effective action. To that end, we've taken measures in Nigeria to measure PM2.5, elements, and meteorological parameters, as well as assess their enrichment, contamination, and emission levels. For a total of ten months, samples were collected at three locations in Ondo State, Nigeria: the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Oba Ile, and Museum (January to October). The pollution factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI), as well as Principal Component Analysis, were used to measure the PM and components (PCA). The average PM concentrations (101 g m3 (FUTA); 120 g m3 (Oba Ile); and 176 g m3 (Museum) were found to be higher than the WHO (35 g m3) and USEPA (15 g m3) normal limits. The macro elements (K > Na > Ca > P > Al) were ordered in this order, while the trace elements were ordered in this order: Cu > Fe, > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn > Pb. PCA listed elements from vehicular activities, biomass burning, dust, and soil as contributing elements. The findings are useful for identifying sources of PM2.5, primary, and trace elements, enrichment, contamination assessment, and air pollution index, as well as contributing to regional monitoring programs.
Sediment core phosphorus and other human-influenced element distributions record historical land use and runoff changes in the watershed of an urban lake