ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGY: CATEGORIAL ANALYSIS

The article reveals the ontological essence of technology on the basis of identifying categories that reflect the meaning of technology at various stages of the development of society. Categories: copying, serving, overcoming, production, progress, process, revolution, science, technogenic environment, technosphere, noosphere, alienation force, pollution factor, collective intelligence, technical reality, technotronic civilization, transformation - they consistently reveal the ontology of technology. The significance of the Kappa concept of technology, which defines technology as an extension of a human being, is shown. The influence of the historical context in the formation of categories describing the essence of technology is revealed. Much attention is paid to the inconsistency, multidimensionality of the phenomenon of technology. The article defines the specifics of using the categories of technogenic environment and technosphere. The significance of the natural scientific concept of the noosphere is shown. The analysis of the features of the fifth technological revolution is given, the prospects for the formation of a technotronic society are shown. It has been established that the most important ontological basis of the phenomenon of technology is the anthropological component, which does not remain constant. The question is raised about the possibility of self-sufficiency of technology in the ontological sense, the formation of its independence from a person and the likelihood of such a scenario. The technotronic civilization is just being formed and the prospects for its development are not unambiguous, technology can acquire new, completely unexpected qualities, which requires further research.

Source Identification and Pollution Factors of Elements in PM2.5 Samples obtained in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Air quality is a big concern all over the world. It affects both humans and animals in a variety of ways. Air must be quantified to monitor the impact, and the consistency of the air must be determined. Both stakeholders will use the knowledge collected to take effective action. To that end, we've taken measures in Nigeria to measure PM2.5, elements, and meteorological parameters, as well as assess their enrichment, contamination, and emission levels. For a total of ten months, samples were collected at three locations in Ondo State, Nigeria: the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Oba Ile, and Museum (January to October). The pollution factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI), as well as Principal Component Analysis, were used to measure the PM and components (PCA). The average PM concentrations (101 g m3 (FUTA); 120 g m3 (Oba Ile); and 176 g m3 (Museum) were found to be higher than the WHO (35 g m3) and USEPA (15 g m3) normal limits. The macro elements (K > Na > Ca > P > Al) were ordered in this order, while the trace elements were ordered in this order: Cu > Fe, > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn > Pb. PCA listed elements from vehicular activities, biomass burning, dust, and soil as contributing elements. The findings are useful for identifying sources of PM2.5, primary, and trace elements, enrichment, contamination assessment, and air pollution index, as well as contributing to regional monitoring programs.

System analysis of a polluted dynamic system of natural waters taking into account risks

The purpose of the study. A systematic study of the urgent problem of pollution of the natural water system and the evolution of water protection zones (boundaries), taking into account their dynamism and risks. A systematic approach is important not only because of the complex consideration of problems, but also to ensure the task of making systemic environmental decisions. Methods. The article uses the methods of systems analysis, statistical analysis, modeling, decision-making, optimization, classification (taxonomy) and risk management systems. Results. A system analysis has been carried out, on the basis of which procedures (algorithms) for modeling the system, algorithmic evaluation of the effectiveness of monitoring of water protection zones, dynamic water systems have been developed. The identification of the linear form from the nonlinear basic functions of the contribution of each pollution factor is used, taking into account the weight coefficients. An approach to the classification of water protection zones according to “tension” (taxonomic analysis) is also proposed. Conclusion. The performed system analysis takes into account the behavior of key (control) factors. This is necessary for the study of all subsystems - organizational and legal, socio-economic, environmental, technological, methodological support (education, consulting, training), etc. The results of the analysis and algorithms will make it possible to evaluate the parameters of water protection works, to solve various practical problems (for example, identification of the contribution to total pollution of each pollutant).

ZONING OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY THE LEVEL OF SOIL POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FORMATION OF RISKS TO PUBLIC HEALTH

The priority pollutants of urban soils are oil products, nitrates, cadmium, and zinc. The total non-carcinogenic risk was higher in the Kirovsky and Vakhitovsky districts of the city, and the dermal path was the most significant among the chemical penetration pathways. The distribution of risk factors for adolescent health along the path of inhalation was determined for the various critical target organs such as kidneys, hormones, blood, and respiratory systems. Analysis of the content of total metals in the soils of different districts showed that copper, zinc, lead made the major contribution to pollution in the calculation according to MAC (Zc) in all districts. Nitrates remain an important contaminant in every city under study. The values of total pollution factor, both for total and mobile forms of metals, did not exceed 16 units allowing placing the samples under study into a category with allowable contamination. The content of mobile forms of metals (apart from cadmium) did not exceed regulations in all selected zones. However, according to the results of our research, the concentrations of mobile forms of metals exceeded the concentrations of total forms of the same metals by approximately two times (but stayed within the limits of MAC).

Technical performance analysis of a 40 kW photovoltaic installation

To reduce the consumption of classically produced electric energy, which is an important green gas pollution factor, various renewable energy sources are now implemented on larger and larger scale. Both industrial and household consumers make use of such renewable energy sources. This work presents the characteristics and performance of a 40 kW photovoltaic installation mounted on the roof of an industrial production hall. The design and the implementation of the photovoltaic installation allows it to function while connected to the local power grid. On-site measurements have shown that the installation ensures symmetric voltages and currents, functioning at the planned parameters

Environmental Assessment of Trace Metals in San Simon Bay Sediments (NW Iberian Peninsula)

A gravity core (220 cm depth) was collected to investigate the geochemistry, enrichment, and pollution of trace metals in anoxic sediments from San Simon Bay, an ecosystem of high biological productivity in the northwest of Spain. A five-step sequential extraction procedure was used. The Cu, Pb, and Zn contents decreased with depth, with maximum values in the top layers. Ni and Zn were bound to pyrite fractions, while Cd and Pb were associated with the most mobile fractions. The analyzed metals were associated with the fractions bound to organic matter, mainly with the strongly bound to organic matter fraction. High Cd and Cu values were observed. The fractionation showed a high mobility for Cd (28.3–100%) and Pb (54.0–70.2%). Moreover, the pollution factor and the geoaccumulation index reflected a high contamination for Pb and a moderate contamination for Cu and Zn in the superficial layers, pointing to a possible ecotoxicological risk to organisms in San Simon Bay.

An Innovative Fuzzy Based Power Quality Assessment Considering Short Circuit Level

power quality evaluation is highly essential for modern power system to maintain proper accuracy for responsive equipment. There are various power quality indices which evaluates the power quality but it is highly crucial for combining all the indices into a single value which can evaluates the power quality successfully. Considering representative quality factor(RQPF), detailed pollution factor(DPF),total harmonic distortion(THD) and short circuit level(SCL)an untraditional power quality index can be evaluated. Fuzzy inference system has been implemented for doing the incorporation of different power quality indices. In this paper THD module is formed by the union of total harmonic distortion voltage(THDV) and total harmonic distortion current(THDI ) and THDSCL module is formed by the fusion of THD and SCL. The innovative THDSCL has better significance for measuring power quality Index

Effects of an active pockmark field on the distribution of heavy metals of surficial sediments in the Gulf of Patras, Greece

Factor analysis carried out in thirteen sediment cores, collected from an active pockmark field area in the eastern part of the Gulf of Patras, discriminated a domestic sewage pollution factor, the Mn/Fe oxides and the carbonate sedimentation. The increased content in sand, the low C content as well as the lack of C /heavy org org" J metals association follow a specific NW-SE transect in the centre of the surveyed pockmark field, suggesting pockmarks activity. This seems to control sedimentation and heavy metals distributions.