Broadening the genetic base of Brassica napus canola by interspecific crosses with different variants of B. oleracea

Euphytica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Iftikhar ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
H. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Genetic Base

Study of the genetic structure of a Brassica napus canola population derived from six interspecific crosses of B. napus × B. oleracea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Nikzad ◽  
Berisso Kebede ◽  
Jani Bhavikkumar ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Exotic Alleles

Broadening the genetic base of the C genome of Brassica napus canola is needed for continued improvement of this crop. For this, we developed few hundred canola lines from B. napus × B. oleracea interspecific crosses involving a B. napus canola line and six B. oleracea accessions belonging to four varieties, viz. vars. alboglabra, botrytis, capitata and italica, and following two breeding methods (F2- and BC1 (F1 × B. napus)-derived lines). The objective of this study was to understand the genetic structure of this population regarding the alleles introgressed from B. oleracea by using SSR markers, and to investigate the inheritance of B. oleracea alleles in these re-constituted canola lines. Marker analysis showed that the four B. oleracea varieties were genetically quite distinct. Several canola lines derived from these six crosses tended to group together with their B. oleracea parent demonstrating that the wide diversity of the B. oleracea gene pool can be exploited for broadening the genetic base of the C genome of B. napus canola. Loss of several B. oleracea alleles occurred during the development of these inbred lines. While comparing the two breeding methods for introgression of B. oleracea alleles, significantly greater loss of alleles occurred in the F2-derived population as compared to the BC1-derived population. Thus, the knowledge from this study can be used for efficient introgression of exotic alleles from B. oleracea into B. napus for broadening the genetic base of this crop.

A STUDY OF ERUCIC ACID ALLELES IN DIGENOMIC RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. ANAND ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Brassica Crops

Five genes have been identified in Brassica crops which control the level of synthesis of the fatty acid, erucic, in their seed oils. These genes, designated e, Ea, Eb, Ec, and Ed, act in an additive manner and result in erucic acid levels of < 1, 10, 15, 30 and 3.5, respectively. No direct evidence has yet been obtained to show that these genes are true alleles. Selected plants of the amphidiploid species Brassica napus L. with erucic acid contents of 7–8% and a genotype of EdEdee were reciprocally crossed with selected plants with erucic acid levels of [Formula: see text] and a genotype of Eaeee. Fatty acid analysis of F1 and backcross seed demonstrated that the genes Ed and Ea in the parents used were in the same genome and were truly allelic. Interspecific crosses were made between these B. napus parents and selected zero erucic acid plants of Brassica campestris L. (genotype "ee") to determine whether the genes Ed and Ea resided in the oleracea or the campestris genome of B. napus parents. Fatty acid analysis of F1 and backcross seed from these interspecific crosses suggest that the alleles of Ed and Ea are located on chromosomes of the oleracea genome.

Trigenomic hybrids from interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and B. nigra

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeta Pradhan ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Matthew N. Nelson ◽  
Wallace A. Cowling ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

Interspecific hybridisation was carried out between five cultivars of Brassica napus and five accessions of B. nigra in all possible cross combinations including reciprocals. Crossing success was higher when B. napus genotypes were used as female parents. Pollination of 799 B. napus flowers with B. nigra pollen resulted in 433 pods set and 2063 putative hybrid seeds. In the reciprocal direction, pollination of 877 B. nigra flowers with B. napus pollen resulted in 281 pods set and 113 putative hybrid seeds. Pod and seed set varied with genotype and only 19 out of 25 combinations of B. napus × B. nigra and 14 out of 25 combinations of B. nigra × B. napus yielded seeds. Hybridity of 2176 putative hybrid seeds (2063 from B. napus × B. nigra and 113 from B. nigra × B. napus) was tested. Microsatellite markers with known locations for the A, B and C genomes indicated that six plants were true hybrids and one more plant remained unconfirmed for hybrid status. All other plants from putative hybrid seeds had the same DNA banding patterns and similar morphological characters as the female parent. However, the true hybrids had DNA bands from both parents and an intermediate morphology for colour and hairiness of leaf, stem and petiole. Anthers were shrunken and thin with a very limited number of sterile pollen grains. Cytological examination confirmed the triploid status of the hybrid with 27 chromosomes. The unconfirmed hybrid had 9% pollen viability and chromosome count was 27 as with the true hybrid; however, there was no clear B-genome marker from B. nigra.

Broadening the genetic base of lentil cultivars through inter-sub-specific and interspecific crosses ofLenstaxa

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohar Singh ◽  
Mukesh K. Rana ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Ishwari S. Bisht ◽  
Manoranjan Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Genetic Base

The teleomorph of the weakly aggressive segregate ofLeptosphaeriamaculans

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Shoemaker ◽  
Hortense Brun
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Phoma Lingam ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Leptosphaeria biglobosa n.sp. is described for the weakly virulent (or non-aggressive) pathogen causing blackleg of oilseed rape and canola. The new species differs from the aggressive blackleg organism, Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not. in having a very prominent beak on the ascomata that is greatly enlarged at the apex. Ascomata of both species were produced on canola stems either by inoculation of compatible strains of the Phoma anamorph or by single ascospore isolates at a distance of 1 cm and letting them grow together. Both species exhibit bipolar heterothallism. Interspecific crosses were negative. In a study of type specimens of Leptosphaeria species with 5-septate ascospores infecting Cruciferae, none were found that matched the features of L. biglobosa. Leptosphaeria napi (Fuckel) Saccardo on Brassica napus L., and Leptosphaeria virginica (Cooke & Ellis) Saccardo on Lepidium virginica L., are synonyms of L. maculans. Leptosphaeria submaculans Holm on Sisymbrium, Berteroa, and Erysimum has distinctively enlarged ascospores. Leptosphaeria alliariae (Desm.) Ces. & De Not. on Alliaria officinalis Andrz., has much smaller ascospores. Leptosphaeria lindquistii Frezzi on Helianthus annuus L. of the Asteraceae has ascospores with only one, two, or rarely, three septa but was considered because it too has a Phoma anamorph.Key words: Phoma lingam, B group, ascomata.

Sterility and variation resulting from the transfer of polima cytoplasmic male sterility from Brassica napus into Brassica chinensis

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. HU ◽  
F. CHEN ◽  
Q. LI
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Brassica Chinensis ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Pollination Control

Male sterile combinations made from interspecific crosses between the polima CMS line of Brassica napus and varieties of B. chinensis were backcrossed to BC3. Twenty-six selfing lines from B. chinensis were tested for their ability to either maintain complete sterility or to restore fertility in crosses with the polima male sterile line. Results show that four of these hybrids were completely male sterile and two were fertile. The sterility of the B. chinensis with polima cytoplasm was much more stable than male sterile lines with B. campestris and B. chinensis cytoplasm, which were sterile before full flowering but progressively became fertile as flowering proceeded. The results suggest that polima cytoplasm could be a suitable male sterile-inducing allocytoplasm for B. chinensis, as both maintainers and restorers are available, and could supply a reliable pollination control system for hybrid seed production in this species.

Using novel variation in Brassica species to reduce agricultural inputs and improve agronomy of oilseed rape—a case study in pod shatter resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Morgan ◽  
Adrian Bavage ◽  
Ian Bancroft ◽  
David Bruce ◽  
Robin Child ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Novel Variation

AbstractOilseed rape is a very undeveloped crop with regard to efficiency of production and the agronomic practice used to maximize its potential. The genetic potential to modify oilseed rape is limited by the narrow genetic base found within the breeding gene pool, resulting in limited novel variation available for exploitation. Novel variation is, however, present in wild diploid ancestors of oilseed rape and has been made available by developing synthetic Brassica napus. This is illustrated through the use of this material to develop an understanding of pod shattering which is one of the most agronomically important characteristics of the crop. Through a variety of approaches it is shown how progress has been made to understand this trait and how this understanding is being used to improve the crop such that efficiency of production will be enhanced.

Genome discrimination in progeny of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and Raphanus raphanistrum

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Benabdelmouna ◽  
G Guéritaine ◽  
M Abirached-Darmency ◽  
H Darmency
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) applied to the F1 interspecific hybrid between oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 38) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, RrRr, 2n = 18) showed the predicted 19 chromosomes from B. napus and 9 chromosomes from R. raphanistrum. The very low female fertility of these interspecific hybrids when backcrossed to R. raphanistrum led to only two descendants. Their chromosome number varied between 45 and 48. Both of these progenies showed only 9 chromosomes from R. raphanistrum and 36–39 chromosomes from B. napus. These results indicate the efficiency and limits of GISH as a suitable tool to assess and interpret the behavior of chromosomes after such interspecific crosses. The unexpected chromosome combination is discussed.Key words: genomic in situ hybridization, interspecific hybrid, introgression, oilseed rape, wild radish.

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