Molecular determination of RSD and the Bru1 gene in commonly used sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) breeding parents in China

The isotope ratios of water, organic matter and micronutrients from food are dependent on the circumstances and sites of their origin and production. Analytical methods, based on mass spectrometry, are established for routine determination of isotopes. Differentiation between metabolic pathways of C3 and C4 plants is realizable by determination 13C/12C ratios which can distinguish and identify sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum). Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O vary systematically, the variations give information about geographical origin. The exemplarily determination of authenticity is demonstrated by using mass spectrometric isotope ratio evaluation for identification of plant source and geographical origin with the help of selected sugar samples with known origin.

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Authenticity of speciality sugars – Determination of carbohydrate source and geographical origin of invert sugar syrup and burnt sugar syrup

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si18169 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 87-91

Author(s):

Andreas G. Degenhardt ◽

Elke Jansen ◽

Timo, J. Koch

Keyword(s):

Geographical Origin ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Invert Sugar ◽

C4 Plants ◽

Yeast Fermentation ◽

Carbohydrate Source ◽

Sugar Syrup

Modern instrumental analytical methods for the determination of 13C/12C ratios are established to differentiate between metabolic products of C3 and C4 plants. Differentiation and identification of sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum) are possible without doubt. Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the determination of the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O as well as their variations provide information about geographical origin. Using samples of selected crystal cane sugar (CCS) with known origin, invert sugar syrups (ISS) as well as burnt sugar syrups (BSS) produced therefrom, the authenticity was determined. The speciality sugars ISS and BSS which were made from CCS could be identified as carbohydrates of C4 plants by using 13C/12C Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). In combination with yeast fermentation of ISS and sugar separation from BSS and fermentation into ethanol as well as knowledge about production water, the C2-H/O isotope ratios of ethanol can theoretically determine the geographical origin of the sugars.

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Molecular determination of the origin of acephalic cysticercus

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182004006262 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 239-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J.-Y. CHUNG ◽

W.-G. KHO ◽

S.-Y. HWANG ◽

E.-Y. JE ◽

Y.-T. CHUNG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽

Subarachnoidal Space ◽

Species Specific ◽

Molecular Determination

Acephalic cysticercus (Ac), a rarely developed multilobulated and nonencysted form of larval Taenia, causes hydrocephalus or adhesive arachnoiditis in the ventricles and subarachnoidal space that often lead to fatal outcome in affected patients. Ac has been proposed to originate from T. solium on the basis of morphological features, while no molecular data supporting the presumption have been available. In the present study, we investigated the immunological properties as well as molecular characteristics of Ac that was obtained surgically from 6 patients. Immunoblotting of the cyst fluid from Ac samples demonstrated the constitutive expression of a T. solium metacestode (TsM) 10 kDa protein. Specific antibodies against the truncated 10 kDa protein, which appears to be species specific for TsM cysticercosis, were detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of Ac patients. Nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes of Ac were almost identical to those of T. solium but differed substantially from those of the other Taenia species. In phylogenetic analysis, Ac clustered with T. solium in a well-supported clade. Our results strongly suggest that Ac may have originated from T. solium.

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W. T. Astbury and Ross G. Harrison: the search for the molecular determination of form in the developing embryo

Notes and Records the Royal Society journal of the history of science ◽

10.1098/rsnr.1980.0017 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 195-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Royal Society ◽

Limb Bud ◽

Amphibian Embryo ◽

X Ray ◽

Biological Phenomena ◽

Biology I ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

Molecular Determination

Amongst the Fellows elected to the Royal Society in 1941 were W. T. Astbury for his studies using X-ray analysis to study the structures of natural fibres, and amongst the Foreign Members elected that year was Ross G. Harrison for his contributions to embryology. Astbury and Harrison were very different in temperament, and worked in very different fields on either side of the Atlantic, yet they were united in their approach to the study of biological phenomena. Both Astbury and Harrison believed that the organization and form of biological materials whether wool fibres or the limb-bud in an amphibian embryo depended on molecular structure and pattern. Moreover both were concerned with dynamic aspects of form; Astbury’s greatest achievement was to demonstrate the dynamic, reversible folding and stretching of proteins in the k-m-e-f group, and Harrison looked to changing molecular patterns to account for changing symmetries in the developing embryo. It was this common approach that brought them together and led to Harrison spending a brief month in Leeds where they and K. M. Rudall performed what have been described as ‘truly progressive experiments in molecular biology’. I believe this short series of experiments illuminates the character and work of both Harrison and Astbury and illustrates the difficulties, practical and conceptual, in carrying out ‘progressive experiments’. I shall begin by reviewing briefly the embryological background of the time before going on to discuss in detail the approaches of Harrison and Astbury to their work and the outcome of their collaboration.

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