scholarly journals Ontological Categorizations and Selection Biases in Cosmology: The Case of Extra Galactic Objects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Valore ◽  
M. G. Dainotti ◽  
Oskar Kopczyński
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Philosophical Ontology ◽  
Innovative Approaches

AbstractOne of the innovative approaches in contemporary philosophical ontology consists in the assumption of a plurality of ontologies based on different metaphysical presuppositions. Such presuppositions involve, among others, the identification of relevant properties for the objects of our domain as a guiding principle in uncovering what it is to be considered intrinsic and what could be the mere effect of selection preferences based on objective or subjective criteria. A remarkable example of the application of a background metaphysical theory in astrophysics is the problem of selection biases in detecting cosmological objects, such as supernovae, galaxies and gamma-ray bursts. We will show that it is valuable to be aware of the importance of uncovering this type of background theory to better understand selection effects and to promote a novel approach in scientific research.

scholarly journals Selection effects in the BeppoSAX gamma-ray bursts sample

1999 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Feroci ◽  
B. Preger ◽  
E. Costa ◽  
L. Piro ◽  
P. Soffitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Selection Effects

Gamma-ray bursts spectral correlations and their cosmological use

2007 ◽  
Vol 365 (1854) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Ghirlanda
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Emission Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Prompt Emission ◽  
Open Issues

The correlations involving the long-gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) prompt emission energy represent a new key to understand the GRB physics. These correlations have been proved to be the tool that makes long-GRBs a new class of standard candles. Gamma Ray Bursts, being very powerful cosmological sources detected in the hard X-ray band, represent a new tool to investigate the Universe in a redshift range, which is complementary to that covered by other cosmological probes (SNIa and CMB). A review of the , , and correlations is presented. Open issues related to these correlations (e.g. presence of outliers and selection effects) and to their use for cosmographic purposes (e.g. dependence on model assumptions) are discussed. Finally, the relevance of thermal components in GRB spectra is discussed in the light of some of the models recently proposed for the interpretation of the spectral-energy correlations.

scholarly journals The Epeak–Eisoplane of long gamma-ray bursts and selection effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 387 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ghirlanda ◽  
L. Nava ◽  
G. Ghisellini ◽  
C. Firmani ◽  
J. I. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Selection Effects

scholarly journals Are there radio-loud and radio-quiet Gamma-Ray Bursts?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A Osborne ◽  
Fatemeh Bagheri ◽  
Amir Shahmoradi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
First Time

Abstract The potential existence of two separate classes of Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with and without radio afterglow emission, corresponding to radio-bright/loud and radio-dark/quiet populations, has been recently argued and favored in the GRB literature. The radio-quiet LGRBs have been found to have, on average, lower total isotropic gamma-ray emissions (Eiso) and shorter intrinsic prompt gamma-ray durations (e.g., T90z). In addition, a redshift −T90z anti-correlation has been discovered among the radio-loud LGRBs, which is reportedly missing in the radio-quiet class. Here we discuss the significance of the differences between the energetics and temporal properties of the two proposed classes of radio-loud and radio-quiet LGRBs. We show that much of the proposed evidence in support of the two distinct radio populations of LGRBs can be explained away in terms of selection effects and sample incompleteness. Our arguments are based on the recent discovery of the relatively-strong highly-significant positive correlation between the total isotropic emission (Eiso) and the intrinsic prompt duration (T90z) that is present in both populations of short-hard and long-soft GRBs, predicted, quantified, and reported for the first time by Shahmoradi (2013) and Shahmoradi & Nemiroff (2015).

scholarly journals Accounting for Selection Bias and Redshift Evolution in GRB Radio Afterglow Data

Galaxies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Maria Dainotti ◽  
Delina Levine ◽  
Nissim Fraija ◽  
Poonam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Rest Frame ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Isotropic Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Observational Bias

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are highly energetic events that can be observed at extremely high redshift. However, inherent bias in GRB data due to selection effects and redshift evolution can significantly skew any subsequent analysis. We correct for important variables related to the GRB emission, such as the burst duration, T90*, the prompt isotropic energy, Eiso, the rest-frame end time of the plateau emission, Ta,radio*, and its correspondent luminosity La,radio, for radio afterglow. In particular, we use the Efron–Petrosian method presented in 1992 for the correction of our variables of interest. Specifically, we correct Eiso and T90* for 80 GRBs, and La,radio and Ta,radio* for a subsample of 18 GRBs that present a plateau-like flattening in their light curve. Upon application of this method, we find strong evolution with redshift in most variables, particularly in La,radio, with values similar to those found in past and current literature in radio, X-ray and optical wavelengths, indicating that these variables are susceptible to observational bias. This analysis emphasizes the necessity of correcting observational data for evolutionary effects to obtain the intrinsic behavior of correlations to use them as discriminators among the most plausible theoretical models and as reliable cosmological tools.

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