Genetic diversity patterns in ex situ collections of Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt revealed by morphological and microsatellite markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Boncodin Naredo ◽  
Sheila Mae Quilloy Mercado ◽  
Maria Celeste Naynes Banaticla-Hilario ◽  
Myrricar Loren Berdos ◽  
Mario Alcantara Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Oryza Officinalis ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Ex Situ Collections

Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Paula Bramel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Market Preference ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in market preference, and the impact of climate change. Efforts have been made to secure plant genetic resources ex situ for future use but there are significant issues related to cost effective, efficient, secure, rational, and sustainable long-term ex situ conservation. It begins by addressing issues for the composition of ex situ collections and moves on to discuss issues for routine operations for conservation. The chapter also highlights issues for the use of conserved genetic resources, before concluding with a summary of why the development of sustainable genebank systems is so important.

Assessment of genetic diversity patterns in Chilean quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasm using multiplex fluorescent microsatellite markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Fuentes ◽  
E. A. Martinez ◽  
P. V. Hinrichsen ◽  
E. N. Jellen ◽  
P. J. Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Estimation of Genetic Diversity Among Teressa Goat Population of A and N Islands by using Microsatellite Markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Sunder ◽  
S. Jeyakumar ◽  
S. P. Yadav ◽  
A. K. De ◽  
A. Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Indigenous Goat ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Sparse Population

Background: Teressa goat is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These goats are mainly distributed in the Nicobar group of islands, however, sparse population is also available in the Andaman Islands. In order to understand the genetic diversity and variation among the population of Teressa goat, the studies on the molecular characterization was done by using microsatellite molecular markers. Methods: Randomly a total of 48 blood samples were collected different areas of the Nicobar Islands representing the breeding tract of the Teressa goat. Based on the guidelines of ISAG and FAO, a total of 15 recommended microsatellite markers were selected for the microsatellite analysis study. The data were analysed to study the diversity analysis at each locus by using GENETIX software package. Bottleneck hypothesis was also studied by using BOTTLENECK 1.2.01 and FIS, FIT and FIT values were calculated and heterozygosity deficiency at each locus using FSTAT software. Result: A total of 50 genotypes were observed across the 15 loci. The number of genotype varied between (MAF70; SRCRSP3) 1 and 6 (SRCRSP15). The effective number of alleles (Ne) varied from 2 to 6.98 in Teressa goat. Shannon’s Information Index (I) value was found to be high (1.1856±0.4369), it indicated that the level of diversity among the population of the Teressa goat is high. All the values of FIS obtained were negative which is suggestive of no inbreeding within the populations and the animals were outbred. The mode-shift test indicated the genetic bottleneck in Teressa and needs greater attention towards in situ/ex situ conservation. The present study provides the valuable information about the genetic makeup of the Teressa goat, however, detail study is required to carry out to study the important traits linked with production for further utilization of this breed.

scholarly journals A Framework for Maximising the Capture of Genetic Diversity in Sampling for ex situ Conservation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Neaves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ex Situ Collections

The rapid and extensive loss of biodiversity globally has resulted in an increased urgency to capture and conserve the diversity which is present, including genetic diversity within species. However, for many species there is currently no detailed genetic data available to inform the collection and use of material held in ex situ collections and this can hamper the consideration of genetic issues and reduce the likelihood collection represent the diversity present. Even in the absence of direct genetic data, however, it is possible to consider genetic issues using the existing theoretical and empirical evidence-based and biological, ecological and demographic data for a given species. Here a framework to facilitate the consideration of genetic diversity and genetic issues, even where genetic data is lacking, is presented.

Genotyping of Albania olive (Olea europaea) germplasm by SSR molecular marker

2018 ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocenzo Muzzalupo ◽  
Antonella Muto, Giuliana Badolati ◽  
Aulona Veizi ◽  
Adriana Chiappetta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Olive Varieties

The increasing interest in olive varieties with high productivity and quality is the basis of modern olive growing. The molecular characterization of olive varieties is essential to maximize the genetic diversity in the in situ and ex situ collections of the olive germplasm. The importance of studies aimed at identification and selection of genotypes that meet the requirements for plant nursery certification, for oils traceability and to preserve genotypes that are not widespread from risks of extinction, is evident. In this context, DNA fingerprinting represents a valid tool because the productivity and quality of olive oil are intrinsic characteristics of the original varieties. To date, the Albanian olive-growing heritage has been little studied and the number of varieties has not yet been well defined. As a consequence, it doesn’t a precise characterization of the Albanian genetic entities. The aim of this work was to contribute in clarifying the identity of the Albanian olive cultivars, using the SSR molecular markers. We have genotyped olive trees at the level of nine nuclear microsatellite loci or SSR, pre-selected among those present in the literature and we have identified 38 unique genotypes. It has not been possible to establish a clear correlation between clustering of plants, depending on molecular profiles, and the geographical distribution of origin or maturation period or the intended use of drupes. However, our results show a high genetic diversity and a high discrimination capacity of the tested SSR markers.  

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Core Collection of Olive Germplasm from Albania Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Aida Dervishi ◽  
Jernej Jakše ◽  
Hairi Ismaili ◽  
Branka Javornik ◽  
Nataša Štajner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Olive is considered one of the oldest and the most important cultivated fruit trees in Albania. In the present study, the genetic diversity and structure of Albanian olive germplasm is represented by a set of 194 olive genotypes collected in-situ in their natural ecosystems and in the ex-situ collection. The study was conducted using 26 microsatellite markers (14 genomic SSR and 12 Expressed Sequence Tag microsatellites). The identity analysis revealed 183 unique genotypes. Genetic distance-based and model-based Bayesian analyses were used to investigate the genetic diversity, relatedness, and the partitioning of the genetic variability among the Albanian olive germplasm. The genetic distance-based analysis grouped olives into 12 clusters, with an average similarity of 50.9%. Albanian native olives clustered in one main group separated from introduced foreign cultivars, which was also supported by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and model-based methods. A core collection of 57 genotypes representing all allelic richness found in Albanian germplasm was developed for the first time. Herein, we report the first extended genetic characterization and structure of olive germplasm in Albania. The findings suggest that Albanian olive germplasm is a unique gene pool and provides an interesting genetic basis for breeding programs.

Modeling Demographics and Genetic Diversity in Ex Situ Collections during Seed Storage and Regeneration

Crop Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Richards ◽  
Dale R. Lockwood ◽  
Gayle M. Volk ◽  
Christina Walters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ex Situ Collections

scholarly journals How the Cultivation of Wild Plants in Botanic Gardens can Change their Genetic and Phenotypic Status and What This Means for their Conservation Value

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Andreas Ensslin ◽  
Sandrine Godefroid
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Ex Situ Collections

The discipline of horticulture, growing and propagating plants under artificial conditions, has a centuries-long tradition and has developed into a vital industry of breeding, propagating and trading ornamental and wild plants around the globe. Botanic gardens have always been at the centre of horticultural training and have provided excellence and advancements in the field. In recent decades, botanic gardens have also become an active part of ex situ conservation activities by storing seeds of endangered wild plants, growing living collections for conservation purposes, or propagating plants for direct reintroduction measures. While this shift in focus has been necessary and very important, ex situ collections of wild plants have been criticised for beinggenetically impoverished, potentially hybridised with congeners, or adapted to the artificial garden conditions and potentially having lost specific adaptations to their original wild habitat. In this review, we provide an overview of these potential threats to wild plants in ex situ living collections and outline examples of how ex situ cultivation can affect genetic diversity, trait expression and adaptive responses of the plants. We evaluate what these changes could mean for the conservation value of the collections, and discuss how they could be avoided by refining horticultural practices. 

scholarly journals Transferability of Microsatellite Markers across Eleven Species of Magnolia L.

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra S. Thammina ◽  
Christopher von Kohn ◽  
Margaret R. Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Expected Size Range ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
Nonspecific Amplification ◽  
Ornamental Traits

The genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) comprises more than 130 species distributed predominantly in temperate and tropical regions in Southeast Asia and is valued worldwide for its ornamental traits as well as for timber and medicinal products, and in trade. Despite their favored status, many species of Magnolia are faced with threats from logging, agricultural land use, development, and collection, and are at risk of extinction. Conservation of these species through habitat preservation and in ex situ collections is needed to prevent extinction. To provide a tool for conservation of Magnolia species, microsatellite markers developed previously for Magnolia ashei were tested in 10 other species of Magnolia to determine their transferability across species. Of the 64 primer pairs tested, 21 amplified alleles in the expected size range in all samples; 11 primer pairs amplified clean products in most, but not all, species; 18 primer pairs consistently amplified a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product in most species, but had either low peak height or other amplification issues; and 14 primers showed excessive stutter, nonspecific amplification, or no amplification. Cluster analysis using the 129 alleles amplified by these 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs generated groups that corresponded to the known taxonomic relationships in this genus.

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