scholarly journals Exploring the diversity and distribution of crop wild relatives of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2071-2085
Author(s):  
Carlos E. González-Orozco ◽  
Angela A. Sánchez Galán ◽  
Pablo E. Ramos ◽  
Roxana Yockteng
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Occurrences

Abstract Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture because they contain high levels of genetic diversity and grow in a wide range of habitats and environments. Colombia has the largest number of cacao crop wild relatives in the world, including different species of the genus Theobroma and its sister genus Herrania. This paper investigates diversity and distribution of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia using species occurrences extracted from museum and herbarium archives, fieldwork collections gathered on recently conducted expeditions and species distribution modelling. A total of 211 botanical collections comprising 174 samples of Theobroma species, and 37 samples of Herrania species were collected on expeditions to Caguán–Caquetá in the upper Amazon basin and La Victoria, in the Pacific region of central Choco. These collections represent 22 taxa of cacao crop wild relatives. On the Chocó expedition, we reported the highest richness and endemism, where seven taxa of Theobroma and three of Herrania were found within a radius of 10 km, which has never been recorded before. On the Amazon expedition, we found an abundance of wild populations of Theobroma cacao on the river banks. We estimated that 95% of the most suitable environments for wild cacao in Colombia are in unprotected areas. Our study reveals that species diversity and endemism of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia is under sampled and distributional patterns are incomplete. Based on the findings of our study, we propose a conservation strategy that consists of further expeditions to collect herbarium and germplasm samples, and habitat protection of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia.

scholarly journals In situ and ex situ conservation gap analyses of crop wild relatives from Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolipher Khaki Mponya ◽  
Tembo Chanyenga ◽  
Joana Magos Brehm ◽  
Nigel Maxted
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Minimum Number

Abstract The study analysed the conservation gaps of the priority crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa for Malawi in order to contribute to the development of a harmonized conservation strategy that helps secure the priority CWR under in situ and ex situ. We used taxa distribution modelling, complementarity analysis and ecogeographic land characterization map to analyse spatial diversity and distribution of 123 priority taxa across different adaptive scenarios. We identified areas of observed and predicted richness, the minimum number of protected areas (PAs) that conserve the broadest ecogeographic diversity in situ and the minimum number of grid cells that capture highest diversity outside PAs to recommend the establishment of genetic reserves. We then analysed the representativeness of the conserved ecogeographic diversity of target taxa in ex situ collections to identify ex situ conservation gaps and advise for priority areas for ex situ collections. For the 123 taxa, 70.7% of the total diversity occurs in 36 PAs with 66.8% of the diversity captured in only 10 complementary PAs. Outside PAs, the broadest diversity was conserved in three grid cells of size 5 × 5 km. Fifty-three of 123 taxa have ex situ collections with only three taxa having ex situ collections at the Malawi Plant Genetic Resources Centre. The findings of this study will guide formulation of conservation actions for the priority taxa as well as lobbying for active conservation of the same under in situ and ex situ.

Diversity and conservation priorities of crop wild relatives in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo ◽  
Moisés Cortés-Cruz ◽  
Denise E. Costich ◽  
Ma. de Lourdes Rico-Arce ◽  
Joana Magos Brehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Conservation Priorities

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable resources for crop breeding due to their close genetic relationship to the cultivated plants and their wide genetic variation, allowing the introgression of desirable traits into the crops, such as resistance to plant pests and diseases or adaptability to climate change. Mexico is a centre of agrobiodiversity, including CWR, but climate change, and other factors, are contributing to the loss of important Mexican CWR genetic diversity. The in situ and ex situ conservation status of Mexican priority CWR were assessed through a gap analysis as part of a national CWR conservation strategy for Mexico, to ensure the long-term preservation and improve the availability of these genetic resources. A set of 310 priority CWR taxa, previously identified as part of the national CWR inventory for Mexico, were analysed. Species distribution modelling and ecogeographic diversity analyses were used to detect gaps in in situ and ex situ conservation at taxon and ecogeographic levels. Priority target sites were identified throughout the country for complementary in situ and ex situ conservation of these taxa. The results obtained allow us to make recommendations for immediate conservation actions, thus helping to mitigate the threats to Mexican agrobiodiversity and enhance both national and global food security.

scholarly journals Challenges and perspectives for species distribution modelling in the neotropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana H. Y. Kamino ◽  
João Renato Stehmann ◽  
Silvana Amaral ◽  
Paulo De Marco ◽  
Thiago F. Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Species Occurrences

The workshop ‘ Species distribution models: applications, challenges and perspectives ’ held at Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 29–30 August 2011, aimed to review the state-of-the-art in species distribution modelling (SDM) in the neotropical realm. It brought together researchers in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation, with different backgrounds and research interests. The application of SDM in the megadiverse neotropics—where data on species occurrences are scarce—presents several challenges, involving acknowledging the limitations imposed by data quality, including surveys as an integral part of SDM studies, and designing the analyses in accordance with the question investigated. Specific solutions were discussed, and a code of good practice in SDM studies and related field surveys was drafted.

scholarly journals Handling uncertainty through Bayesian inference for Species Distribution Modelling in the Amazon Basin region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato O. Miyaji ◽  
Pedro L. P. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Basin Region

Uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas para o monitoramento da biodiversidade é a modelagem de distribuição de espécies. Para a sua aplicação, é necessário possuir uma grande base de dados confiáveis a respeito da ocorrência de espécies. Entretanto, essa condição não é satisfeita quando existem poucos registros de ocorrência. Nesse contexto, podem ser aplicadas técnicas de tratamento de incertezas. Assim, este trabalho buscou utilizar a abordagem Bayesiana para permitir a modelagem de distribuição de espécies na região da Bacia Amazônica próxima a Manaus (AM), com base em dados coletados pelo projeto GoAmazon 2014/15. Os resultados foram comparados com os resultantes de técnicas clássicas, obtendo desempenhos semelhantes.

scholarly journals Ecological niche and species distribution modelling of sea stars along the Pacific Northwest continental shelf

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenaïg G. Hemery ◽  
Scott R. Marion ◽  
Chris G. Romsos ◽  
Alexander L. Kurapov ◽  
Sarah K. Henkel
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Metacommunity dynamics and the spurious detection of species associations in co-occurrence analyses: patch disturbance matters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Calcagno ◽  
Nik Cunniffe ◽  
Frederic M Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Spurious Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Matrix Permutation ◽  
Pairwise Independence ◽  
Metacommunity Dynamics ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Require Data

Many methods attempt to detect species associations from co-occurrence patterns. Such associations are then typically used to infer inter-specific interactions. However, correlation is not equivalent to interaction. Habitat heterogeneity and out-of-equilibrium colonization histories are acknowledged to cause species associations even when inter-specific interactions are absent. Here we show how classical metacommunity dynamics, within a homogeneous habitat at equilibrium, can also lead to statistical associations. This occurs even when species do not interact. All that is required is patch disturbance (i.e. simultaneous extinction of several species in a patch) a common phenomenon in a wide range of real systems. We compare direct tests of pairwise independence, matrix permutation approaches and joint species distribution modelling. We use mathematical analysis and example simulations to show that patch disturbance leads all these methods to produce characteristic signatures of spurious association from "null" co-occurrence matrices. Including patch age (i.e. the time since the last patch disturbance event) as a covariate is necessary to resolve this artefact. However, this would require data that very often are not available in practice for these types of analyses. We contend that patch disturbance is a key (but hitherto overlooked) factor which must be accounted for when analysing species co-occurrence.

scholarly journals A systematic conservation strategy for crop wild relatives in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel G. Taylor ◽  
Shelagh P. Kell ◽  
Vojtěch Holubec ◽  
Mauricio Parra-Quijano ◽  
Karel Chobot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Crop Adaptation: Weedy and Crop Wild Relatives as an Untapped Resource to Utilize Recent Increases in Atmospheric CO2

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Ziska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

Adaptation measures are necessary to ensure the stability and performance of the food supply relative to anthropogenic climate change. Although a wide range of measures have been proposed (e.g., planting dates, crop choices, drought resistance), there may be a ubiquitous means to increase productivity relatively quickly. Numerous studies have shown that the projected increase in atmospheric CO2 can stimulate crop growth and seed yield with noted intra-specific differences within crop cultivars, suggesting potential differences to CO2 that could be exploited to enhance seed yield in the future. However, it is worth emphasizing that atmospheric CO2 has already risen substantially (≈27% since 1970) and that, at present, no active effort by breeders has been made to select for the CO2 increase that has already occurred. In contrast, for weedy or crop wild relatives (CWR), there are indications of evolutionary adaptation to these recent increases. While additional steps are needed, the identification and introgression of these CO2-sensitive traits into modern crop cultivars may be a simple and direct means to increase crop growth and seed yield.

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