Preparation of Nanoemulsion

Nanoemulsion is a versatile emulsion-based delivery system that can be structured or prepared with different compositions, methods, or processing variables. Although single nanoemulsion has been a promising delivery carrier in numerous industries, the innovation of double nanoemulsion is introduced to provide different benefits. However, the nanoemulsion must be optimized in terms of the composition and emulsification methods to maintain the integrity of the delivery system. Therefore, the optimization of nanoemulsion can range from deciding the type and concentration of compositions (aqueous, lipid, surfactants) to the processing conditions during emulsification. The current options of emulsification methods, processing parameters, and optimization process of nanoemulsion are highlighted and elaborated in this chapter. This allows readers to understand the fundamental principles of nanoemulsion preparation and encourage future studies and applications in the related field.

The Effect of Teleworking on Anxiety During COVID-19

Turkey is among the countries that the pandemic has affected most profoundly. Many people have been infected, and the pandemic has given way to both physiological and psychological problems. In this study, the effect of teleworking, which has been embraced durng the pandemic, has been tested on the anxiety levels of Turkish participants. The research has been carried out on white-collar employees working in the service sector. The related data has been collected through online surveys. In the related field study, 2,892 online questionnaires have been sent, and 385 usable questionnaires were obtained. Analysis of the study has been carried out with SPSS 20.0 statistics tool. The results of the study revealed that teleworking has a negative effect on anxiety levels of individuals, as predicted in the study.

Safety Assessment and a Parametric Study of Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist Based on Real-World Crash Simulations

In this study, we selected four real-world rear-end crash scenarios with different crash characteristics. The vehicles involved in those crashes were not equipped with any crash avoidance systems. We then used the accident reconstruction method to build those crash scenarios in PC-Crash software. Then, different FCW/AEB safety algorithms have been defined for a subject vehicle model in each crash scenario and each scenario was simulated for a set of input parameters such as vehicle speed, brake intensity, and driver reaction time. The range and distribution of input parameters were extracted from the related field crash data and available literature. A total number of 16000 simulations have been conducted which produced input-output datasets for further investigations. Finally, the effects of input parameters on simulation outcomes including crash occurrence, AEB activation, injury risk, and vehicle damage have been quantified using the Boruta algorithm. The results indicated that the overall effectiveness of the AEB system was a 57% reduction of rear-end crashes, a 52% reduction of injury severity (striking vehicle’s passengers), and a 47% reduction of damages for striking vehicles. The results also showed that the available AEB algorithms were more effective for the average speed equal to or less than 80 kmph. The speed of the subject vehicle, type of AEB algorithm, sensor detection range, and driver reaction time were the most important parameters on crash outcomes. In addition, the results indicated that the performance of FCW had a direct impact on the effectiveness of the AEB system for the integrated FCW + AEB system.

Deep Learning on Histopathology Images for Breast Cancer Classification: A Bibliometric Analysis

Medical imaging is gaining significant attention in healthcare, including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer-related death among women worldwide. Currently, histopathology image analysis is the clinical gold standard in cancer diagnosis. However, the manual process of microscopic examination involves laborious work and can be misleading due to human error. Therefore, this study explored the research status and development trends of deep learning on breast cancer image classification using bibliometric analysis. Relevant works of literature were obtained from the Scopus database between 2014 and 2021. The VOSviewer and Bibliometrix tools were used for analysis through various visualization forms. This study is concerned with the annual publication trends, co-authorship networks among countries, authors, and scientific journals. The co-occurrence network of the authors’ keywords was analyzed for potential future directions of the field. Authors started to contribute to publications in 2016, and the research domain has maintained its growth rate since. The United States and China have strong research collaboration strengths. Only a few studies use bibliometric analysis in this research area. This study provides a recent review on this fast-growing field to highlight status and trends using scientific visualization. It is hoped that the findings will assist researchers in identifying and exploring the potential emerging areas in the related field.

Partial recovery of amblyopia following fellow eye ischemic optic neuropathy

Background: Recovery from amblyopia in adulthood following fellow eye (FE) vision loss is a well-known phenomenon. Incidence of recovery varies widely following different FE pathologies and rate of recovery following FE ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) has not been examined. We aimed to determine frequency and degree of improvement in amblyopic eye (AE) visual function following ION in the FE. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients between 2007-2021 confirmed to have amblyopia and ischemic optic neuropathy in different eyes. Patients with unstable ocular pathology potentially limiting vision were excluded. We compared best-corrected visual acuity (VA) in each eye before and after FE ION over time. For patients with available data, we examined change in perimetric performance over time. Results: Among the 12 patients who met inclusion criteria (mean age 67+/-8 years), 9 (75%) improved ≥1 line and 2 (17%) improved ≥3 lines. Median time from ION symptom onset to maximal improvement was 6 months (range: 2-101 months). Reliable perimetric data were available for 6 patients. Mean sensitivity improved in the amblyopic eye for all patients, with a mean improvement of 1.9+/-1.1 dB. There was no correspondence between foci of ION-related field loss and gains in field sensitivity in the AE. Conclusion: A high proportion of patients with amblyopia and contralateral ION experience improvement in their amblyopic eye. Modest gains in perimetric sensitivity in the AE may accompany FE ION. These findings support the view that residual plasticity in the adult visual cortex can be tapped to support functional improvement in amblyopia.

Worsened Financial Situation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Was Associated With Depressive Symptomatology Among University Students in Germany: Results of the COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study

Background: Previous findings suggest that university students are at an elevated risk to experience financial hardship and to suffer from depressive symptoms. This vulnerability may have substantially increased during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic which might have affected students' socio-economic situation but possibly also their mental well-being. We examined whether the financial situation changed during the COVID-19 pandemic among German university students, and whether changes were associated with mental well-being.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in May and July 2020 at five German universities. Participants were asked, if they had sufficient financial resources to cover monthly expenses before and during the pandemic. The answer options were dichotomized into worsened and no change/better financial situation compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D 8 scale. For examining associations between sociodemographic, study-related, and financial factors and “worsened financial situation,” we ran a generalized linear mixed model. To assess associations between depressive symptoms and worsened financial situation, we performed a linear mixed model.Results: We included 7,199 participants in the analyses (69% female, 30% male, 1% diverse, mean age: 24 years, standard deviation: 4.7). Overall, 25% of the participants reported to have a worsened financial situation at the time of the survey than in the time before COVID-19. Factors associated with a worsened financial situation were migration background, parents not being academics, not being able to borrow money, and payment of tuition fee by student and loan [odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.20 to 2.35]. Factors associated with lower odds were: being single, living with others, studying a health-related field, being enrolled in a doctoral/Ph.D. or state exam program, and publicly funded tuition/tuition paid with a scholarship (OR ranging from 0.42 to 0.80). A worsened financial situation was associated with 1.02 points more on the CES-D 8 scale (95% CI: 0.80–1.24).Conclusion: Our results suggest that the pandemic put a number of students under financial strain with detrimental consequences for their mental well-being. Renewed attention must be paid to this vulnerable group to prevent the potentially damaging effects on their mental health.

Morphological and morphometric studies on the scapula and humerus of Binturong (Arctictis Binturong)

Natural Habitat of Binturong is the forest remnant of South-east Asia. Common characteristic features of a Binturong are its shout legs, thick black body coat and prehensile tail. After collecting the samples from Aizawl Zoological Park, Mizoram with permission from the Department of Environment, Forest and Climate change, Government of Mizoram, those were macerated by the combination of boiling hot water and HODifferent morphometric parameters of scapula and humerus were measured. Scapula of Binturong was a flat almost square shaped bone with similar width in both dorsal and ventral border with a wide scapular neck, average circumference of which is around 8.04 cm. Average maximum length and width of the scapula of Binturong was 8.81 cm and 6.56 cm, respectively. A small foramen was seen at the neck of the scapula perforating the ventral portion of the scapular spine. Average maximum total length of Binturong Humerus was 12.81 cm. Proximal extremity of the humerus carries a caudally present oval shaped head, average maximum width of which is about 2.05cm. Distal extremity of the Binturong humerus is consists of a supracondylar foramen, a radial fossa, a olecranon fossa, lateral and medial condyle and epicondyle. Since not much work has been done on the related field in this particular animal, therefore this present study was conducted to get the baseline data about the two bones of forelimb in Binturong, which can play a predominant role in disease diagnosis, treatments and other applied fields of veterinary biology.

A RESEARCH ON TECHNIQUES, MODELS AND METHODS PROPOSED FOR SHIP COLLISION AVOIDANCE PATH PLANNING PROBLEM

The development of soft computing techniques in recent years has encouraged researchers to study on the path planning problem in ship collision avoidance. These techniques have widely been implemented in marine industry and technology-oriented novel solutions have been introduced. Various models, methods and techniques have been proposed to solve the mentioned path planning problem with the aim of preventing reoccurrence of the problem and thus strengthening marine safety as well as providing fuel consumption efficiency. The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the models, methods and technologies proposed to settle the path planning issue in ship collision avoidance. The study also aims to provide certain bibliometric information which develops a literature map of the related field. For this purpose, a thorough literature review has been carried out. The results of the study have pointedly showed that the artificial intelligence methods, fuzzy logic and heuristic algorithms have greatly been used by the researchers who are interested in the related field.

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information: • Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) • Conference submission management system: EasyChair • Number of submissions received: 70 • Number of submissions sent for review: 64 (due to high plagiarism) • Number of submissions accepted:48 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 68.5% • Average number of reviews per paper: 3 • Total number of reviewers involved:147 • Any additional info on review process: All received submissions were subjected to double-blind peer reviews, who are expert or have been experiencing in the related field for years. The accepted papers must be revised according to the referees’ comments and suggestions, before inclusion in the conference proceedings. Manuscripts submitted should be original & unpublished and written in accordance with the standard IOP paper template. • Contact person for queries: [email protected]

Predicting Students’ Interest in Aging-Related Careers: Suggestions for Pedagogical Intervention

College students often hold negative attitudes toward elders and rank this area of practice at the bottom of their future professional life; colleges and universities have an important role to play in changing attitudes and attracting more professionals to work with older adults. This study examined factors contributing to students’ attitudes toward older adults to provide suggestions for pedagogical intervention. Data was collected from 195 undergraduates participating in an online survey with questions on the quality of relationships with a grandparent and other nonfamilial older adults, previous experience and future interest in pursuing a career in an aging-related field, and The Fabroni Scale of Ageism (Fabroni et al., 2010). Path analyses using hierarchical multiple regression revealed that high quality relationships with older adults (i.e., both grandparents and nonfamilial elders) was associated with less negative attitudes and more interest in pursuing a future career in age-related jobs/internships. Although both types of relationship quality were significant in the model (p<.05), path coefficients demonstrated that relationships with nonfamilial elders have a greater impact on participants’ attitudes (β= -.250, p=.001 versus β= -.146, p=.045). Previous working/internship experiences with older adults also predicted a greater willingness to pursue a future career in an aging-related field (β= .333, p<.001). Findings suggest that colleges could increase students’ interest in pursuing aging-related careers with multiple interventions, such as developing opportunities to interact and build relationships with older adults in the community, updating information on job opportunities, pay scales, and advancement opportunities, and providing more gerontological course or modules.