scholarly journals Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis in Asian and European Asparagus subgenus species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh ◽  
Juan Gil ◽  
Patricia Castro ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hassandokht ◽  
Roberto Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Garden Asparagus ◽  
Different Origin

AbstractGarden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a diploid (2n = 2x = 20), perennial and dioecious species belonging to Asparagus subgenus and worldwide cultivated as a vegetable crop. A narrow genetic base has been pointed out for the current cultivars. Crop wild related species (CWR) could be a valuable genetic resource in this crop but they have been underused up to now. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships between CWR asparagus species from different origin and A. officinalis L., 12 EST-SSR markers were used to assess the genetic variability of 20 accessions. These accessions belong to 10 Asparagus spp. from Asparagus subgenus including wild and naturalized A. officinalis L. (2x, 4x, 8x, 10x) and CWR species with European (A. tenuifolius Lam. (2x), A. pseudoscaber Grec. (6x), A. macrorrhizus Pedrol & al. (12x), A. prostratus Dumort (4x), A. brachyphyllus Turcz. (6x), A. maritimus (L.) Mill. (6x)) and Asian distribution (A. verticillatus L. (2x), A. persicus Baker (2x), A. breslerianus Schult. & Schult. (8x)). A. albus L. (2x) from the Protasparagus subgenus was used as outgroup. As a result, a total of 248 alleles were obtained and specific alleles of accessions were detected among them. After cluster analysis the accessions did not group by their geographical origin. All wild polyploid accessions with European and Asian distributions were grouped together with A. officinalis L. Hence, that cluster could be considered as the ‘officinalis group’ suggesting a monophyletic origin. The diploid accessions of A. verticillatus L. and A. persicus Baker clustered together and were the most genetically distant respect to ‘officinalis group’. The results obtained in this study may provide useful information to design new crosses among accessions aimed to develop new asparagus germplasm or pre-breeding populations.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Red Raspberry Varieties throughout the-World

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Dale ◽  
Patrick P. Moore ◽  
Ronald J. McNicol ◽  
Thomas M. Sjulin ◽  
Leonid A. Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
The World

Pedigrees of 137 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) varieties released throughout the world since 1960 were used to calculate: 1) the genetic contribution of founding clones to these varieties; 2) genetic relatedness among them; and 3) their inbreeding coefficients. Fifty founding clones contributed to the pedigrees of these varieties with a mean genetic contribution ranging from <0.1% to 21%. Varieties were clustered according to the genetic contribution into groups strongly related to geographical origin. Varieties developed in the former USSR and derived from `Novost Kuzmina' formed a distinct cluster. The remaining varieties were clustered in groups based mainly on whether they were of North American or European origin. Varieties were clustered also on the basis of Wright's coefficient of relationship-a measure of genetic relatedness. Cluster groups were related to their geographical origin and the varieties within the groups could be traced to similar intermediate parents. Inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.0 to 0.625 and were related, in part, to the numbers of generations of controlled hybridization from common ancestors. The British group, with the largest number of generations of breeding, had a low mean inbreeding coefficient, indicating that inbreeding can be minimized with attention to the mating system. Strategies are suggested for maintaining and increasing the genetic diversity in the world's red raspberry breeding populations.

Self- and cross-incompatibility in Asparagus officinalis and Asparagus densiflorus cv. Sprengeri

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Marcellán ◽  
E. L. Camadro
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Garden Asparagus ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
Incompatibility Reactions

Garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L. (off), is dioecious and reproductively isolated from a related ornamental, monoecious Asparagus densifiorus (Kunth) Jessop cv. Sprengeri (spr). Since the latter is a potentially valuable source of germplasm, a study was initiated to identify hybridization barriers. Intra- and inter-specific crosses were made using 32 plants of two commercial cultivars of off and 17 plants of three introductions of spr. Part of the pollinated pistils were fixed and examined via fluorescence microscopy. In some combinations of genotypes, incompatibility reactions were detected: (i) off × off: in the stigmatic tissue, (ii) spr × spr: on the stigmatic surface and in the style, and (iii) spr × off: on the stigmatic surface, in the stigmatic tissue, and in the style. Although pollen tubes reached the ovules in most combinations of genotypes, seeds were only produced in intraspecific crosses. It is concluded that two types of internal barriers are acting: cross-incompatibility at the pollen–stigma and pollen–style levels, and stronger post-stylar barriers that had not been determined yet. Keywords: Asparagus densifiorus cv. Sprengeri, Asparagus officinalis, cross-incompatibility, reproductive isolation.

The MADS box gene AOM1 is expressed in reproductive meristems and flowers of the dioecious species Asparagus officinalis

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Caporali ◽  
Alberto Spada ◽  
Alessia Losa ◽  
G. Marziani
Keyword(s):  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Isozyme gene markers in the dioecious species Asparagus officinalis L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Maestri ◽  
F. M. Restivo ◽  
G. P. Marziani Longo ◽  
A. Falavigna ◽  
F. Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Gene Markers

scholarly journals TGIF-DB: terse genomics interface for developing botany

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tsugama ◽  
Tetsuo Takano
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Functional Annotations ◽  
Garden Asparagus

Abstract Objectives Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple cereal crop for semi-arid regions. Its whole genome sequence and deduced putative gene sequences are available. However, the functions of many pearl millet genes are unknown. Situations are similar for other crop species such as garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). The objective of the data presented here was to improve functional annotations of genes of pearl millet, garden asparagus, chickpea and Tartary buckwheat with gene annotations of model plants, to systematically provide such annotations as well as their sequences on a website, and thereby to promote genomics for those crops. Data description Sequences of genomes and transcripts of pearl millet, garden asparagus, chickpea and Tartary buckwheat were downloaded from a public database. These transcripts were associated with functional annotations of their Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) counterparts identified by BLASTX. Conserved domains in protein sequences of those species were identified by the HMMER scan with the Pfam database. The resulting data was deposited in the figshare repository and can be browsed on the Terse Genomics Interface for Developing Botany (TGIF-DB) website (http://webpark2116.sakura.ne.jp/rlgpr/).

scholarly journals Analyzing the genetic relatedness of pigeonpea varieties released over last 58 years in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Satheesh Naik ◽  
I. P. Singh ◽  
Abhishek Bohra ◽  
F. Singh ◽  
D. Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Population Improvement

The genetic base of 150 pigeonpea varieties released in India during1960 to 2018 was examined. Of these, 89, 57, three, and one variety were developed by pedigree selection, pureline selection, mutation and population improvement, respectively. Examination of pedigree records of 89 pigeonpea varieties developed through pedigree breeding method between 1971 and 2018 traced back to 113 ancestors. The highest mean genetic contribution was recorded for the genotype T 190 (0.051) accompanied by UPAS 120 (0.049) and ICP 8863 (0.043). The ancestor T 190 appeared with highest frequency of 21, directly as one of the parent (male/female) in four varieties and indirectly in the development of 17 varieties. Similarly, the ancestors UPAS 120 and ICP 8863 were more frequently used (in nine varieties) as direct parents followed by T 21 and C 11 (in five varieties). The variety PRG 176 involved the highest number (9) of ancestors during the course of its development followed by the variety VBN (Rg) 3 with eight ancestors. Results indicated that 51.69% (46 of the 89 varieties) of released varieties were developed through bi-parental crossing whereas 48.31% involved multiple parents. The frequent use of a limited number of ancestors has caused the narrow genetic base of released pigeonpea varieties. We recommend large-scale deployment of novel germplasm resources for generating broad-base breeding populations. This will help to obtain improved pigeonpea cultivars with high grain yield, biotic tolerance and climate adaptation.

scholarly journals Sex chromosome evolution via two genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Harkess ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Ron van der Hulst ◽  
Bart Tissen ◽  
Jeffrey L Caplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Female Function ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Autosome Pair ◽  
Garden Asparagus ◽  
And Function

The origin of sex chromosomes has been hypothesized to involve the linkage of factors with antagonistic effects on male and female function. Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is an ideal species to test this hypothesis, as the X and Y chromosomes are cytologically homomorphic and recently evolved from an ancestral autosome pair in association with a shift from hermaphroditism to dioecy. Mutagenesis screens paired with single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) directly implicate Y-specific genes that respectively suppress female organ development and are necessary for male gametophyte development. Comparison of contiguous X and Y chromosome shows that loss of recombination between the genes suppressing female function (SUPPRESSOR OF FEMALE FUNCTION, SOFF) and promoting male function (TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION 1, aspTDF1) is due to hemizygosity. We also experimentally demonstrate the function of aspTDF1. These finding provide direct evidence that sex chromosomes can evolve from autosomes via two sex determination genes: a dominant suppressor of femaleness and a promoter of maleness.

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