Male and Female Activity Patterns in Microcebus murinus During the Dry Season at Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilienne Rasoazanabary
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Microcebus Murinus ◽  
Male And Female

Activity patterns, movements and burrows of platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in a sub-alpine Tasmanian lake

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Otley ◽  
Sarah A. Munks ◽  
Mark A. Hindell
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
North Western ◽  
Tracking Period

Adult male and female platypuses were radio-tracked in summer and winter at Lake Lea, north-western Tasmania. They appeared to exhibit greater diurnality, particularly during winter months, a greater degree of overland movement and more frequent use of non-earth refuge sites than do animals inhabiting mainland water bodies. Individuals foraged continuously for up to 16 h, with longer foraging bouts observed during the winter tracking period. Foraging range varied between 2 and 58 ha, with no significant differences observed between the sexes or seasons. All platypuses foraged predominantly in the lake; however, a number of animals were observed moving overland to and from waterbodies and burrows. Burrows were located on lake, creek and pool edges. A high percentage of burrows (25%) were located within dense sedge tussocks and scrub vegetation. Both the terrestrial activity and more opportunistic burrow-site selection may be related to reduced predation pressure in Tasmania.

Lamb mortality in a flock of East African Blackheaded sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
G. D. Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
East African ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overall Mortality

1. The effects of birth weight, sex, twinning, parity of dam and dry season on mortality rates of lambs were studied between birth and weaning at 20 weeks in a flock of East African Blackheaded sheep.2. The mean birth weights of non-surviving lambs were lower than those of surviving lambs. Singles from gimmers and twins from ewes were 0.5 and 1.0 lb., respectively, lighter at birth, and had higher mortality rates than singles from ewes. The overall mortality rate of singles from ewes was 16%, singles from gimmers 20% and twins from ewes 28%. Male and female lambs born alive had similar mortality rates (18%).

Seasonal patterns of energy allocation to basal metabolism, activity and production for livestock in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Coppock ◽  
D. M. Swift ◽  
J. E. Ellis ◽  
K. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Annual Basis

SummaryEnergy budgets and estimates of forage intake requirements were developed for adult camels, cattle, sheep, and goats managed by nomads in the arid Turkana District of north-western Kenya. The estimates were developed by combining our field data on livestock activity patterns, diet quality, weight changes and milk yields with literature based estimates of the associated costs and efficiencies. On an annual basis, the average animal walked 17 km/day and had a total metabolizable energy (ME) allocation of 47% for basal metabolism, 16% for travel, 14% for other activities, and 23% for production. Season and species influenced patterns of energy demand and allocation. Average daily ME requirements ranged from 8·7 MJ (sheep) to 76·7 MJ (camels). ME demand for all species peaked during wet (April-May) or early-to mid-dry periods (June-October), and decreased considerably in the late-dry season (November-March). In the wet season the average sheep or goat allocated 45% of its ME budget to production of milk and gain, followed by cattle (36%) and camels (25%). All species were more similar in ME allocation for production during the late-dry season (7–13%; all to lactation), yet patterns of weight loss during this time indicated that camels experienced the lowest degree of negative energy balance. On an annual basis, camel budgets were the most deviant, as they allocated relatively more ME to activity and relatively less to basal metabolism or weight gain. Estimates of forage dry-matter intakes (per unit live weight per day) ranged from 3·8% (cattle, camels) to 4·6% (sheep, goats) throughout the year, and intakes declined for most species by an average of 50% from the wet to late-dry intervals. This approach has revealed ecological differences among livestock species that help explain the utility of multi-species holdings in this system.

A study of the growth rate of F2 and F3 Africander cross, Brahman cross and British cross cattle from birth to 18 months in a tropical environment

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Kennedy ◽  
GIK Chirchir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean

The mean birthweights and weaning weights of approximately 1200 male and female calves of the F2 and F3 generations of Africander cross (AX), Brahman cross (BX) and Shorthorn X Hereford cross (SH) cattle, together with the weights at four months, and nine months post weaning for approximately 500 of the females, for the years 1964-1968, are presented. BX calves (29.7 kg) were lighter at birth than AX (31.0 kg) or SH (31.8 kg), but at weaning (eight-nine months) they were 13.7 kg heavier than the AX, and 28.9 kg heavier than the SH. In the first four months postweaning, at the end of the dry-season, female AX gained 21.5 kg, BX gained 18.5 kg, and the SH 11.7 kg, and in the next five months, which included the wet-season, AX gained 78.6 kg, BX 83.1 kg, and SH 63.2 kg. At approximately eighteen months old the AX weighed 282.8 kg, BX 294.8 kg, and SH 244.2 kg. There were substantial differences between years but the rank order of the breeds at each growth period did not change.

Home-range and den use of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Males And Females

The home-range of the mahogany glider was estimated, and its social behaviour examined, by following radio-collared animals over a two-year period within an area of continuous habitat and an adjacent area of fragmented habitat. The average home range within the continuous habitat was 19.25 ha for males and 20.34 ha for females, with male and female pairs occupying a combined area of 23.15 ha. In contrast, the average home range in the fragmented habitat was 11.05 ha for males and 6.80 ha for females, with a combined home-range of male and female pairs being 11.60 ha. The average overlap of the home ranges of paired males and females was 85.9%, compared with approximately 11% for non-paired individuals, which suggests that mahogany gliders are socially monogamous. For a total of 46 nights on which gliders were considered to behave normally for the entire night, the average foraging distance was 1506 m (range 590–3420 m) with no significant difference between males and females in either the continuous or fragmented habitat. There was, however, a significant difference in the distance individuals travelled during different times of the year, with longer distances being travelled during late dry season/wet season and shorter distances during the early to mid dry season. Mahogany gliders also travelled further when there was a high availability of nectar and pollen than when there was lower availability. A total of 83 dens (tree hollows) were recorded for the mahogany glider, with the poplar gum, Eucalyptus platyphylla, forest red gum, Eucalyptus tereticornis, and Clarkson's bloodwood, Corymbia clarksoniana, being most used.

scholarly journals Den Site Activity Patterns of Adult Male and Female Swift Foxes, Vulpes velox, in Northwestern Texas

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Lemons ◽  
Warren B. Ballard ◽  
Robert M. Sullivan ◽  
Marsha A. Sovada
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vulpes Velox ◽  
Swift Fox ◽  
Determine Role

Activity of Swift Foxes (Vulpes velox) at den sites was studied in northwestern Texas during pup rearing seasons in 2000 and 2001 to determine role of males in parental care. Twenty-four percent of radio-collared females with a potential to breed successfully raised pups to eight weeks of age. We intensively monitored presence and absence of male and female Swift Foxes at two den sites each year. Females were present >2.6 times more at den sites than males during the pup rearing season. Female and male Swift Foxes largely stayed at dens during diurnal hours and were active away from dens during nocturnal and crepuscular hours. Females and males spent 12.4% and 3.0% more time at dens before pups emerged, than after pups emerged, respectively. Following depredation of one male parent, the female spent 29% less time at the den site. Decrease in time spent at the den by the female following loss of her mate suggested that loss of one parent might severely impact recruitment of Swift Foxes. Our observations indicated that intense Coyote (Canis latrans) depredation may severely impact pup-rearing success as well as the parental care within Swift Fox family groups.

Activity Patterns and the Use of Space by Patients and Staff on the Psychiatric Ward

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Willer ◽  
Eugene Stasiak ◽  
Peter Pinfold ◽  
Marjorie Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Active Patients

The differences between patients and staff in the use of time and space on the ward were much greater than between different patient groups and different staff groups. Patients spent considerably more time involved in isolated behaviours, active and passive, and in mixed active behaviours, while staff spent more time in social activities and looking after ward routine. Also, patients spent a large percentage of their time in the bedrooms and very little in staff offices, while the staff spent a large percentage of time in the offices and very little in the bedrooms. However, differences between patient groups do exist — chronic patients were more likely to be involved in isolated passive behaviours and spend a larger percentage of time in the bedrooms. Female active patients were more likely to be involved in isolated passive behaviours than male active patients, and were also more likely to be found in their bedrooms. Finally, male patients were liable to be involved in mixed activities, especially industrial therapy. Differences between the staff of different wards in the use of time and space were small — the staff of the female wards spent more time in the dining rooms while those of the chronic ward were usually involved in isolated passive behaviours. Differences between male and female staff were similar to differences between male and female patients. Female staff spent more time in their own ‘territory’ (the staff offices) and they were more often observed in isolated passive behaviour. Male staff were more likely to be involved in mixed activities with patients, especially industrial therapy. The activity patterns of the various locations were very similar across the wards although marked differences existed between staff and patients. Patients used bedrooms for isolated passive behaviours and staff used bedrooms for talking and routine. Staff were much more likely to use sitting rooms for social behaviour than were patients. Washrooms were used by both staff and patients for isolated active behaviours, such as reading.

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