ASSESSMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WITH CT SCAN

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue responsible for considerable mortality and long-term morbidity worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine role of CT in TBI. 93 cases of traumatic head injury underwent CT scan obtained with Planmica CT machine. All CT images were read by trained radiologist for the presence, absence of brain abnormalities. Out of 93 cases, males were 50 and females were 43. Diagnosis was mass effect in 10, cerebral edema in 12, subdural hematoma in 24, extradural hematoma in 30, intra cerebral hematoma in 7 and intra ventricular hemorrhage in 6 cases. The difference was significant (P<0.05). CT scan found to be effective in assessment of brain injuries

The role of competition versus cooperation in microbial community coalescence

Microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature. Although processes driving the assembly of these consortia are not yet well understood, new communities frequently emerge when two or more microbial ensembles encounter each other and mix to yield a new functioning aggregation, termed "community coalescence". Despite recent advances in our understanding of coalescence, theoretical work has focused mainly on competition, and more work is necessary to determine role of other common microbial interactions, such as cooperation. In this work, we study the combined effects that competitive and cooperative interactions have in the outcome of coalescence events. We simulate communities with varying levels of each type of interaction using a consumer-resource model with cross-feeding on metabolic by-products. We then perform coalescence simulations and measure interaction levels on the pre- and post-coalescence communities using new metrics of competition and cooperation that we present previously. We find that when both interactions are present, the less competitive community tends to succeed in community coalescence, regardless of its cooperativity, suggesting that minimizing competition is the main driving force of this process. When competition is weak however, simulations show that highly cooperative communities are at a disadvantage in coalescence events, indicating that multi-species invasions tend to intercept cooperative links. Microbial community coalescence is gaining popularity in applied and basic research due to its multiple advantages. In the absence of theory that supports real life observations, here we develop a framework to understand and predict the result of community coalescence events from the perspective of biotic interactions present in the community.

Pharmacist-Driven Antibiotic Stewardship Program in Febrile Neutropenic Patients: A Single Site Prospective Study in Thailand

The antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) is a necessary part of febrile neutropenia (FN) treatment. Pharmacist-driven ASP is one of the meaningful approaches to improve the appropriateness of antibiotic usage. Our study aimed to determine role of the pharmacist in ASPs for FN patients. We prospectively studied at Thammasat University Hospital between August 2019 and April 2020. Our primary outcome was to compare the appropriate use of target antibiotics between the pharmacist-driven ASP group and the control group. The results showed 90 FN events in 66 patients. The choice of an appropriate antibiotic was significantly higher in the pharmacist-driven ASP group than the control group (88.9% vs. 51.1%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was greater appropriateness of the dosage regimen chosen as empirical therapy in the pharmacist-driven ASP group than in the control group (97.8% vs. 88.7%, p = 0.049) and proper duration of target antibiotics in documentation therapy (91.1% vs. 75.6%, p = 0.039). The multivariate analysis showed a pharmacist-driven ASP and infectious diseases consultation had a favorable impact on 30-day infectious diseases-related mortality in chemotherapy-induced FN patients (OR 0.058, 95%CI:0.005–0.655, p = 0.021). Our study demonstrated that pharmacist-driven ASPs could be a great opportunity to improve antibiotic appropriateness in FN patients.

Role Of Urban Farmer Group's Leader As Opinion Leader On Utilizing Urban Yard In Yogyakarta City

One of urban agriculture activities in Yogyakarta City was utilizing yard through farmer groups coordinated by group‟s leader as opinion leader. This study aims to i) Describe farmer group's activities and management on utilizing urban-yard in Yogyakarta City, ii) Determine role of group's leader in utilizing urban-yard in Yogyakarta City, iii) Analyze factors related to member‟s perceptions of the role of group‟s leader in utilizing urban-yard in Yogyakarta City. There were 48 samples selected by multistage random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis to describe activities and management of farmer groups, table analysis to determine role of group‟s leader, and rank spearman correlation analysis to analyze factors related to member‟s perceptions of role of group‟s leader. The result indicated that urban farmer group had several activities. On management, urban farmer groups didn‟t have comprehensive organizational structure and administrative records. The instructive, consultative, and participatory roles of group‟s leader can be categorized very good. Meanwhile liaison role was categorized good. Factor that had significant correlation to member‟s perceptions of the role of group‟s leader was role of agricultural extention.

Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets

Background Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy patients with malocclusion. Nevertheless, their complicated construction greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to the increased carriage of the microbiota. It seems that orthodontic brackets could be a reservoir of yeast and predisposing to develop oral candidosis. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess changes in Candida species prevalence and periodontal parameters after orthodontic brackets placement in patients who received oral hygiene instruction; to determine role of elastic ligatures in those changes; to characterize isolated yeasts according to their ability to biofilm formation. Patients/Methods 17 participants (average age 17±7 years) have been monitored by taking oral rinses, elastomeric ligatures samples and evaluation of API and GBI Indexes before and after placement of orthodontic conventional brackets for 12 weeks. Isolated yeasts was counted and used to the biofilm formation assay. Results 116 samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. 51% of patients were carriers of Candida in which C. albicans was the most common species. The average number of colonies (CFU/ml) obtained from oral rinses showed an upward trend depending on duration of the study and some correlation with periodontal indexes (API, GBI) was found. One third of the analysed strains have shown ability to form greater biofilm than control strain. Conclusions Orthodontic ligatures surface permit biofilms creation and orthodontic brackets change dynamic oral microbiota. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is crucial for every orthodontic patient.

Role conflicts and role overloads in the doctor's activity as a socio-psychological problem

Currently, the leading socio-psychological problem in modern health care is role overloads and role conflicts among medical professionals. Role-based problems can lead to neuropsychiatric stress and become a source of professional stress for doctors. Therefore, in order to provide social assistance and support to doctors, it is necessary to study the sociopsychological factors that determine role conflicts in the professional activity of a doctor and further implement a socially oriented approach in the conditions of modernizing the modern healthcare system.

APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF RESULTS OF INFORMATION-COMPUTING TASKS, WHICH SOLVING AT THE COMMAND POSTS OF ARTILLERY UNITS

A general approach is considered, which allows to use the information models of automated interaction of control bodies to generate correct results of information-computingtasks, which are solved by means of complexes of automation of control units of artillery units. Experience of application of artillery during anti-terror operation and Operation of the incorporated forces allowstoassert, that a managementofartilleryunitscanbeeffectiveonlyattermspracticallyinstantaneous, real-time, reactiononanoperativesituation, thatchangesconstantly. Theachievementofsuchlevelofmanagementispossibleonlybyautomationofhisprocesses (automatedrealizationofcorrespondingcomplexof information-computing tasks) withtheuseofcomplexesoffacilitiesofautomation (CFA). One of basic tasks of CFA there is realization of possibilities of the special software basis of that is made by information-computing tasks (ICT). To ICT hard requirements are pulled out in relation to unification, accordance to the technical equipments, and also openness and adaptivity both to maintenance of tasks for automation of that they are intended and to the time indexes of realization of calculations. Determination of tactical situation (operative directions) of ICT is one of major elements of the stage of forming of requirement specification on development of CFA. Exactly a tactical situation has given determine role and place of ICT in the process of management, connection with other ICT, forms and sources of receipt of permanent and variable information, consumers of initial information, mathematical methods, limitations and suppositions that is accepted in ICT. The operative raising of task (to the complex of tasks) is a basic document that the developer of task must follow at her creation[1].The analysis of information generators testifies in the same time, that not spared the question of forming of the operative raising of ICT the proper attention.

Predicting Outcome in Neonates with Possible Clinical Sepsis by Estimating an Early Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (SNAP-II)

Objectives To determine role of Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (SNAP-II) and its individual parameters assessed within 12 h of suspicion of neonatal sepsis in predicting outcomes; study its distribution across gestational ages and determine its relation with survival duration among expired neonates. Methods This prospective observational study conducted in a newborn unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital over 1 year included intramural neonates with birth weight ≥1000 g and gestation ≥28 weeks suspected with sepsis and assigned SNAP-II score within 12 h of suspicion. On day 14 of enrollment, they were categorized into three outcome groups: death (D), survival with organ dysfunction (SOD) and survival without organ dysfunction (SWOD). Results One hundred and ten neonates were enrolled and 100 analyzed. Mean SNAP-II score was 22 ± 22 (median: 13; interquartile range: 5–32.5). Seventy-six percent, 16% and 8% neonates belonged to SWOD, D and SOD groups, respectively. SNAP-II score and its individual parameters varied significantly among all outcome groups (p &lt; 0.001). SNAP-II cutoffs of 44/115, 44/115, 38/115 and 33/115 were found to be highly predictive of D, D vs. SOD, D/SOD vs. SWOD and SWOD vs. SOD, respectively (sensitivity: 87.5–99%; specificity: 75–99%). The score was unaffected by gestational age (p = 0.80). Neonates with culture positive sepsis/meningitis had higher SNAP-II scores (p = 0.001). Conclusions SNAP-II and its individual parameters found to have high sensitivity and specificity in predicting outcomes in possible neonatal sepsis and may have a role in predicting severity of disease progression and rapidity of deterioration among non-survivors, pending validation in larger studies.

THE ROLE OF “MA’HAD ALY” IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTERS

ABSTRACTSTKIP Al Hikmah is an Education University that provides the students with boarding learning system. The boarding itself called “Ma’had Aly” STKIP Al Hikmah. It is a boarding place for university students. All of the students are compulsory to stay at Ma’had Aly. All the activities are scheduled due to build students’ characters. Duration of the schedules are for 24 hours. The characters include discipline, honest, smart, strong, and caring. The main purpose of this study was conducted to identify the role of "Ma’had Aly" in building students’ characters. The samples participants of the study were 25 students of English Department of STKIP Al Hikmah Surabaya. They were chosen because of they have to practice their English and Arabic speaking skills besides building their characters. This study was designed as a quantitative study with scoring pre test and post test instruments allow lectures to empirically evaluate the role of “Ma’had Aly” in building students’ characters. After analyzing the scoring pre test and post test, it was found that Ma’had Aly has the important and determine role in building students’ characters. The result of this study was 80% of students have developed their characters and do good habits after they stay in Ma’had for at least 6 months. Therefore, "Ma’had Aly" has its potential as a place to build and develop students’ characters.

EFFECTS OF "MAGIC BOX" IN INNOVATING INTERACTIVE MEDIA IN TEACHING VOCABULARY

Innovative way in teaching L2 learners can be considered as a challenging job while it can be facilitated by using "Magic Box" as a tool box consists of many stationeries, types of papers and reuse things to innovate new interactive media. The main purpose of this study was conducted to identify the role of "Magic Box" in innovating interactive media in teaching vocabulary. The samples participants of the study were 10 students of English Department of STKIP Al Hikmah Surabaya. They were chosen because of they have to practice their teaching skills start from first semester, so they should develop their vocabulary. The lecture will guide and show to the students how to innovate interactive media using “Magic Box”. This study was designed as a qualitative study with pre-test and post-test instruments allow lectures to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of "Magic Box" in innovating interactive media in learning vocabulary by the students through formative assessment. After analyzing the pre-test and post-test it was found that using "Magic Box" has the important and determine role in teaching vocabularies to the students, as it was not possible as well as learning with just repetition and memorizing methods. Furthermore, "Magic Box" has its potential as a tool box for innovate interactive media, be able to motivate students especially the passive one in the whole teaching learning process, and also trigger the students to be more creative in innovating interactive media to improve their vocabulary.