scholarly journals Attention Biases to Threat Link Behavioral Inhibition to Social Withdrawal over Time in Very Young Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koraly Pérez-Edgar ◽  
Bethany C. Reeb-Sutherland ◽  
Jennifer Martin McDermott ◽  
Lauren K. White ◽  
Heather A. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Early Development of Locomotor Patterns and Motor Control in Very Young Children at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy, a Longitudinal Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annike Bekius ◽  
Margit M. Bach ◽  
Laura A. van de Pol ◽  
Jaap Harlaar ◽  
Andreas Daffertshofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Over Time

The first years of life might be critical for encouraging independent walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We sought to identify mechanisms that may underlie the impaired development of walking in three young children with early brain lesions, at high risk of CP, via comprehensive instrumented longitudinal assessments of locomotor patterns and muscle activation during walking. We followed three children (P1–P3) with early brain lesions, at high risk of CP, during five consecutive gait analysis sessions covering a period of 1 to 2 years, starting before the onset of independent walking, and including the session during the first independent steps. In the course of the study, P1 did not develop CP, P2 was diagnosed with unilateral and P3 with bilateral CP. We monitored the early development of locomotor patterns over time via spatiotemporal gait parameters, intersegmental coordination (estimated via principal component analysis), electromyography activity, and muscle synergies (determined from 11 bilateral muscles via nonnegative matrix factorization). P1 and P2 started to walk independently at the corrected age of 14 and 22 months, respectively. In both of them, spatiotemporal gait parameters, intersegmental coordination, muscle activation patterns, and muscle synergy structure changed from supported to independent walking, although to a lesser extent when unilateral CP was diagnosed (P2), especially for the most affected leg. The child with bilateral CP (P3) did not develop independent walking, and all the parameters did not change over time. Our exploratory longitudinal study revealed differences in maturation of locomotor patterns between children with divergent developmental trajectories. We succeeded in identifying mechanisms that may underlie impaired walking development in very young children at high risk of CP. When verified in larger sample sizes, our approach may be considered a means to improve prognosis and to pinpoint possible targets for early intervention.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Autonomy Support on Social Withdrawal in Young Children: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Executive Function and Behavioral Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-628
Author(s):  
Su Lim Kang ◽  
Sunhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Maternal Autonomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maternal Autonomy Support

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between maternal autonomy support and social withdrawal, executive function, and behavioral inhibition in young children. Specifically, it examined how behavioral inhibition moderates the mediating effect of executive function on the relationship between maternal autonomy support and social withdrawal in young children.Methods: Participants were 273 3-to 4-year-old children and their mothers. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, Cronbach’s α, and Pearson correlation analysis with SPSS 20.0. Meanwhile, the PROCESS Macro 3.5 software was used for analyzing the moderating effect, mediating effect, and moderated mediation effect.Results: Our findings indicated that, first, maternal autonomy support and executive function, social withdrawal, and behavioral inhibition in young children were significantly correlated. Second, executive function had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between maternal autonomy support and social withdrawal in young children. Third, the behavioral inhibition had a moderating effect on the relationship between maternal autonomy support and executive function. Last, the findings verified that the mediating effect of executive function on the relationship between maternal autonomy support and social withdrawal was moderated by behavioral inhibition.Conclusion: These results indicate that improving executive function and reducing social withdrawal through maternal autonomy support can promote positive development in young children, even when behavioral inhibition is high. Thus, they can be used to highlight the importance of parenting behaviors in shaping young children’s temperament. Furthermore, the results could provide a framework for parental education programs and early intervention programs for reducing social withdrawal in children.

Behaviour problems in preschool children: A developmental context for assessment and intervention

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra MacKenzie-Keating ◽  
Linda McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Child Problems ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSome issues related to behaviour problems in preschool children are examined. Topics include prevalence and significance of early behaviour problems, problems in assessment of behaviour problems in very young children, and currently used classification systems and their relevance to very young children.The case for a developmental perspective will also be considered in conjunction with some recent methods of classifying child problems such as DC: 0-3 (Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families, 1997) and with more behaviourally oriented guidelines. Finally, relationships that develop over time ore examined with respect to risk and protection, the case for prevention and early identification, and a brief review of interventions for preschool children. In spite of the difficulty in identifying significant problem behaviour in very young children, it is argued that it is important to intervene early in order to prevent more serious problems later in life.

scholarly journals LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD AND RETINA OVER TIME IN VERY YOUNG CHILDREN WITH FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY

Retina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghyun Lee ◽  
Mays A. El-Dairi ◽  
Du Tran-Viet ◽  
Shwetha Mangalesh ◽  
Alexandria Dandridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Over Time

Grandparents Reveal Their Secrets: A New Holocaust Narrative for the Young ‘Third Generation’ in Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Darr
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Holocaust Memory ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
New Type

Since the 1990s, a new type of Holocaust story has been emerging in Israeli children's literature. This new narrative is directed towards very young children, from preschool to the first years of elementary school, and its official goal is to instil in them an authentic ‘first Holocaust memory’. This essay presents the literary characteristics of this new Holocaust narrative for children and its master narrative. It brings into light a new profile of both writers and readers. The writers were young children during the Holocaust, and first chose to tell their stories from the safe distance of three generations. The readers are their grand-children and their grand-children's peers, who are assigned an essential role as listeners. These generational roles – the roles of a First Generation of writers and of a Third Generation of readers – are intrinsically familial ones. As such, they mark a significant change in the profile of yet another important figure in the Israeli intergenerational Holocaust discourse, the agent of the Holocaust story for children. Due to the new literary initiatives, the task of providing young children with a ‘first Holocaust memory’ is transferred from the educational authority, where it used to reside, to the domestic sphere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document