Материнство с ребенком-инвалидом в современной России: стереотипы, риски, общественное мнение

В статье на основе публицистических данных и полевого материала, собранного автором среди городского и сельского населения Архангельской области в 2011–2020 гг., исследуется комплекс проблем, с которыми сталкивается семья, воспитывающая ребенка с инвалидностью. Большое внимание в исследовании уделено роли родителей, особенно матери, т.к. семьи, в которых живут дети с нарушениями развития, часто бывают неполными, с одинокими матерями. В таком случае все проблемы по уходу, лечению воспитанию, реабилитации ребенка, а также зарабатыванию денег берет на себя мать. Она же находится в многолетнем постоянном стрессе. Деквалификация, депрофессионализация, ухудшение здоровья существенно отражаются на качестве жизни матери, воспитывающей ребенка-инвалида. Социальные гарантии и денежная помощь, предлагаемые государством, лишь частично компенсируют экономические расходы, которые несут подобные семьи. Проблемы часто носят внутрисемейный характер. В статье проанализированы общественное мнение людей, работа социальных и реабилитационных служб, СМИ. The article analyzes the complex of problems faced by a family raising a child with disabilities, based on the author's journalistic and field material, collected among the urban and rural population of the Arkhangelsk region in 2011-2020. The study puts a special emphasis on the role of parents, especially the mother, because single-parent families and single mothers are especially common among families having children with developmental disabilities. All problems related to the care, treatment, education, rehabilitation of a child and earning money are taken over by the mother, who suffers constant stress for many years. Dequalification, deprofessionalization, deterioration of health significantly affect the quality of life of a mother raising a disabled child. Social guarantees and financial assistance offered by the state only partially compensate for the economic costs incurred by families raising a disabled child. Problems are often family-based. The article analyzes the work of social and rehabilitation services, mass media, public opinion of people on such families.

Pedagogical Essence of the Problem of Social Orphanhood

The article considers historical and pedagogical pedagogical approaches to the upbringing and protection of orphans in historical retrospect - spiritual and moral, differentiated, biosocial, educational and developmental, adaptive and socio-cultural. The pedagogical essence of the problem of social orphanhood is determined, which consists, first of all, in violation of children's rights to proper upbringing, development and education by parents themselves, which leads to learning difficulties, violation of children's psychological state, impossibility of full socialization. It is emphasized that in order to solve the problem of social orphanhood, it is most expedient to work with families in the primary and secondary degree of distress, to intensify work with them in contact with other subjects of prevention. It is noted that prevention in this direction is the prevention of social orphanhood and the provision of timely, comprehensive, targeted, qualified assistance to children and families in difficult life situations. The conclusion to the work was the opinion that the main tasks for the prevention of social orphanhood should be called: eradication of family and child problems, prevention; ensuring the priority of family forms of placement of orphans and children left without parental care; expansion of legal, material and social guarantees of their full development and education.

Development of A Children Worth City Based on Collaborative Governance In Kediri City

This study aimed to 1) map the main problems of children in the development and potentials that exist in the regions from the aspects of policies, institutions/organizations of children that can be developed; 2) developing a collaborative governance model in the development of child-friendly cities in the Kediri. This research method uses descriptive qualitative using primary and secondary data. The results of the study describe the occurrence of child problems including information facilities for children, age of marriage under 18 years due to pregnancy, lack of optimal functioning of the consultation agency for parents, lack of mechanisms for monitoring victims of violence against children, decreasing rates of exclusive breastfeeding, and the absence of paying the law of several agencies. The potential of regional policies in the form of regional regulations, the number of children's social institutions is a strong social capital physically and socially in building a collaborative model/partnership

PERANAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN EKSPLOITASI TERHADAP ANAK DI KOTA BENGKULU BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

The problem of child exploitation is considered widespread in the community because there are many children employed as road workers. There are no age restrictions for families whose economy is insufficient to employ their children to support the economy. Bengkulu City is one of the areas where there are child problems that are quite worrying. The number of street children in Bengkulu City on highways such as Simpang Lima, Simpang Jam, and other locations shows that there are problems in the lives of children in Bengkulu City, efforts by the local government to overcome the crime of child exploitation in the city of Bengkulu. The government is responsible for providing free education and/or support or special services to children from disadvantaged families, neglected children, and children in remote areas.Keywords: local government; child exploitation

Case Service System at the Child Welfare Institution using the Case-Based Reasoning Method

The Child Social Welfare Institution (LKSA) is an institution tasked with providing relief services to meet the standards of living, health, education, and the social needs of both individuals and groups. An LKSA Robbani is one of the institutions that help in handling family and child cases by National Standards for Child Care. In solving child problems, the institution must open the previous case data to determine the appropriate solution, such that the service process becomes long. Therefore, an application software is needed that can help the institution to be faster. The developed system is using the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) Method. The advantage of this method is how to adapt the solutions of the previous case, as well as in seeking similarity in each case that the most significant similarity value is considered the most similar case. The method is very suitable for building the application. The system that was built had to do a trial before being used by the user. The trial result was carried out of the system with manual calculations using the case-based reasoning method. Furthermore, from the results of the trial, it was produced by 87.5%.

Psychosocial Risk Profiles Among American and Dutch Families Affected by Pediatric Cancer

Objective Little is known about relations between domains of psychosocial risk among pediatric cancer populations. The Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0 (PAT2.0) is one internationally validated screening measure that can examine these relations. This study aimed to examine risk profiles and predictors of these patterns exhibited by American and Dutch families. Methods Caregivers of children newly diagnosed with cancer (N = 262; nUSA=145, nNL=117) completed the PAT2.0 as part of larger studies conducted in the United States and the Netherlands. Latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression examined differences in demographic and medical variables across risk profiles. Domains assessed included Family Structure/Resources, Child Problems, Sibling Problems, Family Problems, Caregiver Stress Reactions, and Family Beliefs. Results Four groups were identified: “Low-Risk” (n = 162) defined by generally low risk across domains; “Moderate-Caregiver” (n = 55) defined by elevated Caregiver Stress Reactions domain; “Moderate-Children” (n = 25) defined by elevated Child Problems and/or Sibling Problems, and “Elevated-Risk” (n = 20) marked by generally high overall risk. Dutch families had higher odds of being in the Elevated-Risk group, compared to the Low-Risk group. Caregiver age, gender, and educational attainment predicted group membership. Families classified as Targeted or Clinical had higher odds of being in the Moderate or Elevated risk groups. Conclusion The PAT2.0 appears to identify largely similar patterns of risk, suggesting that families experience common psychosocial difficulties in both American and Dutch societies. The two Moderate groups demonstrated specific risk sources, suggesting that evaluation of domain patterns, rather than reliance on PAT2.0 risk level, could be of clinical benefit.

Relationship of Economic Vulnerability With The Action of Criminal Violence on Household Women

From the description above, the conclusion in this study is basically there are five main causes that trigger the occurrence of domestic violence, namely economic difficulties, disobedience, bad behavior, jealousy, and others (child problems, the husband remarries, people's interference old/in-law). Some of the factors above which are the main factors in the occurrence of domestic violence are problems of economic vulnerability/difficulty. And the forms of domestic violence that are caused due to economic vulnerability problems, namely physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence and neglect of the household.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY DEVELOPMENT IN BENGKULU CITY

Child-Friendly City (CFC) is a National Program mandated by Law number 35 the year 2014 concerning Protection of Child. The development of the CFC aims to make various efforts to fulfill children's rights in a holistic and integrated. CFC development has been carried out in the city of Bengkulu, but at the same time, there are still various child problems in the city of Bengkulu. The purpose of this study was to find out how the program’s Implementation effectively, which refers to indicators of implementation. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method using an inductive approach. The technique in collecting data uses interview, observations, and documentation techniques. The results of the study indicate the development of Child-Friendly City in Bengkulu City has been going well. It has been stipulated that regional regulations on child protection and fulfillment of children's rights are the main points in the development of CFC in Bengkulu City. Although there are still some obstacles to human resources and limited facilities, it does not make the development of the CFC experiencing significant obstacles. Keywords: Child-Friendly City, Child's rights, Development of CFC, Policy Implementation