scholarly journals Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Males and Females with Fragile X Syndrome: Developmental Trajectories in Toddlers Through Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3957-3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Moskowitz ◽  
Elizabeth A. Will ◽  
Conner J. Black ◽  
Jane E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Males And Females

scholarly journals Delineating Repetitive Behavior Profiles across the Lifespan in Fragile X Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Debra L. Reisinger ◽  
Rebecca C. Shaffer ◽  
Nicole Tartaglia ◽  
Elizabeth Berry-Kravis ◽  
Craig A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core area of impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also affect several other neurodevelopmental disorders including fragile X syndrome (FXS). Current literature has begun to describe the RRB profile in FXS up through adolescence; however, little is known about the subtypes of RRBs in adolescents and adults. Further, literature on the RRB profile of females with FXS is limited. The present study examines the RRB profile across subtypes and specific items in both males and females with FXS while assessing for differences based on age, ASD diagnosis and the impact of IQ. Participants included 154 individuals with FXS (ages 2 to 50 years old). Results revealed a peak in RRB severity in FXS between 7–12 years for the majority of RRB subscales with the exception of Sensory-Motor behaviors peaking between 2 and 12 years before declining. Distinct RRB profiles in males and females with FXS emerged in addition to significant overlap among the item and subscale levels of RRBs across gender. Further, an added diagnosis of ASD significantly increased rates of RRBs across all subscale levels, but not necessarily across all items. Lastly, IQ did not solely account for the presence of RRBs in FXS, with Sensory-Motor behaviors being driven by comorbid ASD in males with FXS, and Restricted Interest behaviors being driven by comorbid ASD regardless of gender. These findings build on the current understanding of RRBs in FXS based on gender and comorbid ASD and lay important groundwork for the development of targeted behavioral and pharmacological treatments.

Developmental trajectories of executive functions in young males with fragile X syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hooper ◽  
Deborah Hatton ◽  
John Sideris ◽  
Kelly Sullivan ◽  
Peter A. Ornstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Young Males

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome: Within-Syndrome Differences and Age-Related Changes

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea McDuffie ◽  
Leonard Abbeduto ◽  
Pamela Lewis ◽  
Sara Kover ◽  
Jee-Seon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reciprocal Social Interaction ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was used to examine diagnostic profiles and age-related changes in autism symptoms for a group of verbal children and adolescents who had fragile X syndrome, with and without autism. After controlling for nonverbal IQ, we found statistically significant between-group differences for lifetime and current autism symptoms for the Communication and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behaviors domains, but not the Reciprocal Social Interaction domain. Effect sizes for differences in Reciprocal Social Interaction also were smaller than effect sizes for the other domains, with one exception. Overall, severity of autism symptoms improved with age for all participants, with the least improvement noted for Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors. FMRP did not account for unique variance in autism symptoms over and above nonverbal IQ.

scholarly journals Developmental trajectories of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Richler ◽  
Marisela Huerta ◽  
Somer L. Bishop ◽  
Catherine Lord
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Insistence On Sameness ◽  
Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study examined how restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBs) developed over time in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hundred ninety-two children referred for a diagnosis of autism at age 2, and 22 children with nonspectrum development disorders were evaluated with a battery of cognitive and diagnostic measures at age 2 and subsequently at ages 3, 5, and 9. Factor analysis of the RRB items on the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised revealed two RRB factors at each wave of data collection, one comprising “repetitive sensorimotor” (RSM) behaviors and the other “insistence on sameness” (IS) behaviors. For children with ASD, RSM scores remained relatively high over time, indicating consistent severity, whereas IS scores started low and increased over time, indicating worsening. Having a higher nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) at age 2 was associated with milder concurrent RSM behaviors and with improvement in these behaviors over time. There was no relationship between NVIQ at age 2 and IS behaviors. However, milder social/communicative impairment, at age 2 was associated with more severe concurrent IS behaviors. Trajectory analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity in patterns of change over time for both kinds of behaviors. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of RRBs in ASD and other disorders, making prognoses about how RRBs will develop in children with ASD as they get older, and using RRBs to identify ASD phenotypes in genetic studies.

Folic acid treatment in males and females with fragile-(X)-syndrome

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Froster-Iskenius ◽  
K. Bödeker ◽  
T. Oepen ◽  
R. Matthes ◽  
U. Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Males And Females

Functional Skills of Individuals With Fragile X Syndrome: A Lifespan Cross-Sectional Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Bailey ◽  
Melissa Raspa ◽  
David Holiday ◽  
Ellen Bishop ◽  
Murrey Olmsted
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Specific Intervention ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Parents of 1,105 male and 283 female children with fragile X syndrome described functional skill attainment in eating, dressing, toileting, bathing/hygiene, communication, articulation, and reading. The majority of adult children had mastered many skills independently. Most adults were verbal, used the toilet, dressed, ate independently, bathed, and used a towel independently. However, some skills were not as well-developed, such as using complex sentences, reading, or speaking at a typical rate. As expected, significant differences were found between males and females. The findings highlight major skill attainments, identify skills that should be the target of specific intervention programs, suggest variable trajectories to be tested more precisely through direct assessments and longitudinally, and provide baseline data for treatment studies.

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