scholarly journals Examining Individual Differences in Social Reward Valuation: a Person-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danique Smeijers ◽  
Kasia Uzieblo ◽  
Jeffrey C. Glennon ◽  
Josi M. A. Driessen ◽  
Inti A. Brazil
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
Reward Valuation

AbstractSocial reward refers to the motivational and pleasurable aspects of our interactions with other people. While some people experience social encounters as pleasurable, others experience them as aversive. However, the current knowledge on individual differences in social reward valuation in relation to pro- and antisocial personality characteristics is limited. The Social Reward Questionnaire (SRQ) was developed to assess individual differences in the value of different types of social rewards. First, the present study examined the validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the SRQ in a Dutch and Flemish community sample (N = 1892). Second, using latent profile analysis (LPA), it was investigated whether subgroups of participants existed with distinctive patterns of social reward valuation, and whether these subgroups differed in their level of psychopathic traits, aggression, and social anxiety. The results confirmed the original six-factor structure and showed good reliability and validity. The LPA identified four classes of individuals, labelled as: Low Social Interest, High Social Interest, Undifferentiated Social Reward-seekers, and Socially Cruel. These classes were further typified by distinct levels of psychopathy, reactive and proactive aggression, and social anxiety. The present findings contribute to our understanding of individual variability in the underlying motives of social behaviors.

The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy’s affiliative role may be due to methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behavior of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample (N=330), then replicated in a pre-registered community sample (N=279). Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction-level effects. Results show people are more empathetic during positively-valanced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Adolescent Coping: Comparing a Community Sample and a Low-SES Sample to Understand Coping in Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. D. Perzow ◽  
Bethany C. Bray ◽  
Martha E. Wadsworth ◽  
Jami F. Young ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Adolescent Coping

scholarly journals Translation, adaptation, validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the ‘blue flags’ questionnaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anne Westerweel ◽  
Yvonne F. Heerkens ◽  
Wiebke Oswald ◽  
Charlotte Post Sennehed ◽  
Kjerstin Stigmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Dutch Version

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of social anxiety disorder diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Vilaplana-Pérez ◽  
Josef Isung ◽  
Sonja Krig ◽  
Sarah Vigerland ◽  
Maral Jolstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
National Patient Register ◽  
Patient Register ◽  
National Patient

Judging What Others Enjoy: Desirability and Observability of Interests

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272110558
Author(s):  
Miranda M. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Career Interests ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Personality Assessments ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Interests guide major life decisions such as choosing a career path, yet little is known about the subjective characteristics of individual differences in interests. Prior research on personality traits has demonstrated that subjective trait perceptions influence the validity and reliability of personality assessments. The current work expands the study of these subjective characteristics to individual differences in interests. Desirability and observability were assessed among 13 constructs: person orientation, thing orientation, RIASEC career interests, and Big Five traits. Judgments of interest dimensions varied considerably, with socially-related interests rated more desirable than thing-related interests. Some career-related interests were low in observability, and thus may be susceptible to being overlooked or categorized inaccurately. The patterns observed in interest characteristics were comparable to patterns in career choice hit rates, occupational prestige, and self-other convergence. The findings advance knowledge of differences between interest dimensions and suggest that subjective perceptions should be considered in interest assessment.

Social Anxiety and Performance in an Interpersonal Perception Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Schroeder ◽  
Sandra M. Ketrow
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Performance

The Interpersonal Perception Task-15 videotape served as a criterion measure to test hypotheses about individual differences in interpersonal perception. 160 undergraduates completed the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension Scale, the Shyness and Sociability Scale, and the Interpersonal Perception Task-15. Scores on the Communication Apprehension Scale were negatively correlated with Interpersonal Perception Task-15 scores, as predicted. Scores on the Shyness scale were negatively correlated with scores on the Interpersonal Perception Task-15, while Sociability scale scores were positively correlated. These results underscore the association between social anxiety and interpersonal perception.

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