scholarly journals The origins of cultural divergence: evidence from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang-Anh Ho ◽  
Peter Martinsson ◽  
Ola Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
North Vietnam

AbstractCultural norms diverge substantially across societies, often within the same country. We propose and investigate a self-domestication/selective migration hypothesis, proposing that cultural differences along the individualism–collectivism dimension are driven by the out-migration of individualistic people from collectivist core regions of states to peripheral frontier areas, and that such patterns of historical migration are reflected even in the current distribution of cultural norms. Gaining independence in 939 CE after about a thousand years of Chinese colonization, historical Vietnam emerged in the region that is now north Vietnam with a collectivist social organization. From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, historical Vietnam gradually expanded its territory southward to the Mekong River Delta through repeated waves of conquest and migration. Using a nationwide household survey, a population census, and a lab-in-the-field experiment, we demonstrate that areas annexed earlier to historical Vietnam are currently more prone to collectivist norms, and that these cultural norms are embodied in individual beliefs. Relying on many historical accounts, together with various robustness checks, we argue that the southward out-migration of individualistic people during the eight centuries of the territorial expansion is an important driver, among many others, of these cultural differences.

Untold stories: Jamaican transnational mothers in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-432
Author(s):  
Derrace Garfield McCallum
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
York City ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Transnational Mothers ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
International Labour Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Societal Expectations

AbstractGlobalization and contemporary international labour migration continue to transform women’s lives. Moreover, gender stereotypes, biased cultural norms, biological responsibilities and economic marginalization serve to constrain women disproportionately, particularly mothers. Indeed, globalization and migration increases existing pressures associated with motherhood. They intensify societal expectations of women, and often result in extreme distress. Many transnational mothers suffer in silence with little or no chance to share their stories and be heard. This study explores the experiences of Jamaican transnational mothers in New York City and documents their stories in light of current research which investigates how transnational motherhood transgresses gender stereotypes and pushes the boundaries of gender roles and expectations. The stories shared in this paper vividly capture the women’s narratives of loss, longing, empowerment and shared responsibilities across borders.

Cultural Differences in Advance Care Planning and Implications for Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110295
Author(s):  
Jung-Hwa Ha ◽  
Changsook Lee ◽  
Jennifer Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Advance Care Planning ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Advance Care

This study examined cultural differences in advance care planning (ACP) and various strategies that social workers use to initiate conversations on ACP. We conducted qualitative interviews with 12 social workers in South Korea and the US and a thematic content analysis of the transcribed data. Our findings show that different cultural norms and generational viewpoints surrounding death and health-related decision-making influence how people prepare for end-of-life care (EOLC). Whereas principles of self-determination and autonomy guide ACP practices in the US, decisions regarding EOLC are more often made in consultation with family members in Korean and Korean-American communities. Nevertheless, social workers in both countries identified relationship-building, empowerment, and individualized approaches as common strategies in initiating discussions on ACP.

Families, Relationships, and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelene Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Family Connection

Digital media are transforming families and relationships. Whether these changes are best thought of as positive or negative needs to be considered within a larger context of social transformation, in which changing gender roles and labor markets, cultural norms of intimacy and relationships, and globalization and migration are also contributing to rapid changes in family life. Drawing on recent theoretical developments that emphasize family as a set of practices and digital media as simultaneously social and technological, this chapter considers the intersections of family and technology across the life course, from partnering to pregnancy and adoption to parenting, family support, and aged care. The evidence suggests a mixed impact of digital media on family life. The popularity of digital media suggests that there is a strong desire for families to remain in touch and that people use digital media to maintain strong bonds of intimacy and family connection, even when circumstances require them to live at a distance. In some cases, access to digital media is contributing to the democratization of relationships across gender, class, and age groups. At the same time, it appears that digital media are also capable of both reinforcing existing inequalities and generating new asymmetries of power. To illustrate these complex trends, examples are drawn from a rich and growing body of research on how families are using digital media around the world and with what consequences, including the experiences of migrants and refugees.

Mitigating Ethno-Cultural Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-324
Author(s):  
Hasnain Falak ◽  
Tariq Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Information And Communication

Community engagement is necessary for the success and sustainability of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) projects. To ensure active participation of community, researchers need to understand and adhere to the local cultural norms and adapt in the lifestyle of people. These cultural norms are mainly unwritten and implicit in nature. Hence the researchers spend maximum time of their field visits in observing and developing understanding of the community's life. In our long-term partnership with the indigenous Penan community of Long Lamai in Malaysian Borneo, we co-developed written guidelines for researchers and visitors. The researchers demonstrated their interest in aligning research process to the community's cultural values, however norm internalisation and development of associated behaviour is still a challenging. The written guidelines are yet only one of the attempts to the practices of community researchers' engagement and we are refining our methodology to enhance the researchers' learning process.

ANALYSIS OF A CULTURAL CONSENSUS MODEL OF TWO GOOD-LIFE SUB-DOMAINS – HEALTH & WELL-BEING AND MIGRATION & SOCIOECONOMIC MILIEU – IN THREE POPULATION GROUPS IN CROATIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
LANA PETERNEL ◽  
ANA MALNAR ◽  
IRENA MARTINOVIĆ KLARIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Consensus Model ◽  
Generational Transmission ◽  
School Senior ◽  
And Migration

SummaryIn this study the construct of a ‘good life’ was explored among upper secondary school senior pupils and their parents and teachers by applying cultural consensus model analysis. A total of 469 students, 474 parents and 158 teachers from four Croatian cities participated in the study, which was conducted in 2011/2012. The information collected through interviewing and free-listing during the first phase of the study was used to create a set of structured questionnaire questions as a part of the survey in the second phase of data collection. The results are reported on two good-life sub-domains: ‘health & well-being’ and ‘migration & socioeconomic milieu’. The results indicate heterogeneity of the sample groups, incomplete inter-generational transmission of cultural values and examples of two sub-groups that resist cultural norms and do not comply with the dominant ‘competence-as-sharing’ paradigm. The value of testing the cultural consensus model based on the emic approach and locally significant phenomena is demonstrated for planning and conducting holistic anthropological research.

scholarly journals Pathways to Enhance Climate Change Resilience among Pastoral Households in Northern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 2591-2609
Author(s):  
Ronald Boniphace Ndesanjo ◽  
Ida Theilade ◽  
Martin Reinhardt Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Pastoral Households ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Climate Change Resilience

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the pathways to enhance resilience to increased climate variability and directional change among pastoral households in Simanjiro District in Northern Tanzania. The study used household survey and rainfall and temperature data. Results indicate increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation trends over the past four decades. Also, extreme climatic events, particularly drought, have become more frequent. Food and water insecurity are key factors causing an increased household vulnerability. Increased climate change-induced malaria prevalence poses additional health risks. Household adaptive strategies include livelihood diversification and migration. Local institutions are instrumental in enhancing climate change resilience at the local level. We conclude that livelihood diversification and migration are key pathways to enhancing households’ climate change resilience.

scholarly journals Problems and contradictions of international migration statistics

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
B. B. Loginov
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Phenomena

Analysis of problems and trends in the field of international migration development is impossible without reliable statistical data. Particular economic importance for any country including Russia are data on the flows of labor migrants, which have a great impact on the domestic labor market, gross domestic product, balance of payments. International organizations, including United Nations bodies, haven’t worked out single recommendations on proceeding migration statistics, stratification of migration flows. The universal worldwide technique with border and internal migrant calculation principles regarding flows and stocks of labor migrants is absent at the moment.The author focuses on key discrepancies of national migration statistics in different countries and widely practiced flexible interpretation of it by Western politicians and mass media, therefore, the acuteness of migration problems in the Western countries (first, in the European Union) is overestimated and, on the contrary, migration difficulties of such countries as Russia, Iran, Turkey are downgraded or fully ignored. The difficulties in the calculation of international migration, arising from the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of “migrant”, have been indicated. Three approaches – residence outside the country of birth, citizenship, place of usual daily rest – often conflict with each other, when it is necessary to establish the true country of origin of the migrant.The shortcomings of the main sources of information about immigrants: population census, administrative records, population surveys have been also analyzed in the article. New phenomena in international migration flows, such as “cross-motivation” of migrants and migration without going abroad, require their understanding.

scholarly journals The Connection betweeen Unemployment and Migration at the Level of Hunedoara County and Town

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Dîscă Tiberiu
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Population Census ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migrant Parents ◽  
The Revolution

The population of Hunedoara County has manifested after the Revolution of December 1989 a continuous downward trend. According to National Statistics Institute in Hunedoara County, in 2012, at the last population census there was only a number of 418,545 people representing the constant population and since 2016 it had decreased with almost 5% in 4 years but counting from 1992 the decrease is of almost 28%. As far as concerns migration, the official figures of the number of the temporarily absent people left abroad for a shorter than a 12 months’ period it was 5,510 and the number of those who were left for a period longer than a year it was 15,215. As follows, the total numbe`r of migrants was 20,725 which represents a percentage higher than 4% from the total number of the population. Comparing the data received from the AJOFM Hunedoara (the statistics is effectuated every year in August) with those obtained from the CJRAE Hunedoara (statistics reported every year in February), - excepting the year 2015- when the effect of the liberalisation of the labour market in Great Britain can be remarked, it can be noticed a descendent evolution of the number of unemployed which fact drags a decrease of the children with migrant parents. On the other hand, a very important decline of the unemployment in 2017 resulted into a diminution of the parents who would leave abroad in the following year.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document