Issues on the Impact of Migration on the Labour Market and the Role of National Employment Agency in the Integration of Returned Migrants in the Republic of Moldova

For the Republic of Moldova, international labour migration is an important factor in overcoming imbalances both in the labour market and in the national economy. International labour migration, through its transfers, contributes to economic growth and the combating poverty. At the same time, labour migration generates certain economic and social risks related, first of all, to the aging population and the increase of the labour force deficit on the labour market. One solution to overcoming these risks would be to stimulate return migration and the integration of returned migrants into employment, an activity that is the responsibility of the National Employment Agency. The analysis of the impact of labour migration on the national economy and the labour market, as well as the role of the Employment Agency in the process of integration of returned migrants is the object of study of this article.

The Impact of Remittances of Ukrainian Migrants on the Stabilisation of the Economy During the Covid Crisis

International labour migration is a global process that has affected the populations of all countries and continents. Today, migrants face a new additional barrier – the COVID-19 pandemic, which has drastically affected all forms of human mobility. Today, labour-based migration from Ukraine is directed mainly to EU Member States. The main motives for international labour migration is the potential of earning money, financial security of the family etc. Accordingly, the consequence of international migration is the inflow of money into the country of migrant origin. Remittances from migrant workers are an important source of income for Ukraine. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in migrant remittances, contributing to the development of households, human potential, the reduction of poverty and inequality, and the inflow of foreign currency. This article proposes an econometric model of the impact of migrant remittances on the stabilisation of the country’s economy during the pandemic. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the income from people working abroad initially reduces the deviation of GDP from the equilibrium trend, but over time there is a clear procyclical impact. This feature is favourable for the Ukrainian economy and may mean that migrant transfers in times of crisis help to overcome the effects of global economic downturns.

Socioeconomic Factors Of UAL Migration In The Educational System

It is worth noting that today's intellektual migration has become an integral part of the World Economic Relations. The more serious impact international labour migration has on the level of development and the indicators of statistical data around the world, intellektual migration has made its social and economic appearance completely unique. While labor migration has affected ethnic and religious factors, ual migration has linked professional activity to talent and ability. As the process of migration is studied by the state migration centers, the regulation of the migration policy is used by various bureaucratic bodies to slow down its possibilities, but this can stop the ongoing processes only for a certain period of time, which can not be the main task of getting out of the problem, since bureaucratic measures adversely affect.

Socio-Cultural Portrait of Modern Gagaus Woman

Based on the materials of ethno-sociological and ethno demographic studies from the Soviet and post-Soviet times, carried out by Russian and Moldavian scientists, the article presents a dynamic, socio-cultural image of a Gagauz woman. Different aspects of a modern woman’s life are considered: her life values, attitude to labour, education, wealth, marriage and family. The article also raises questions about religion, ethnic identity, language skills, labour migration of Gagauz women, the transformation of gender stereotypes in Gagauz society. Powerful globalization processes, socio-economic and spiritual crisis, a high level of impoverishment among the population, as well as the pandemic, have greatly affected the worldview system of people. In the Gagauz society, which is now at the stage of transitioning from a traditional to a modern type of society, the most important moral values and spiritual and moral orientations of women have embodied traditional as well as innovative features. The dynamics of the Gagauz women’s spiritual world is strongly influenced by social transformations related to international labour migration that has to a great extent changed the habitual gender roles in the Gagauz family, the existing models and stereotypes of men’s and women’s behavior, their statuses and relationships.

Coping with migration-related stressors - a qualitative study of Nepali male labour migrants

Background International labour migration has become a crucial livelihood strategy, especially in countries where decently paid employment opportunities are limited. Such opportunities come with many potential benefits but also many stressors that challenge migrants’ coping skills, especially when they are in a foreign environment away from their normal support network. This paper explores how labour migrants coped with migration-related stressors using a sample of male Nepali migrants. Methods Qualitative life histories were conducted in Kathmandu among returnee male migrants. Coping responses were categorised based Skinner and Zimmer-Gembeck’s coping typologies. The interview scripts were transcribed in Nepali and translated into English for analysis. Each interview script was open coded and then categorised according to the 12 core coping families. Data were analysed thematically to explore relationships across and within coping and stressors. Results Forty-two men were interviewed who mainly worked in low- and semi-skilled jobs in Malaysia, and the Gulf States. The coping strategies most commonly used belonged to the families of problem-solving, support-seeking, negotiation and helplessness. Men used these either individually or collectively with other migrants. Those who sought assistance from authorities or civil society organisations did not always receive the help needed and there were mixed messages as to when and what types of assistance were available. Some stressors involved multiple coping strategies simultaneously, others described changing strategies following unsuccessful earlier attempts. The coping families of helplessness and social isolation reflected migrants’ limited power in challenging certain stressors. The choice of coping strategies was also moderated by factors such as outstanding loans, language difficulties, or not wanting to cause their family distress. Some coping strategies used led to new stressors. Conclusions Migrants need greater clarifications on their rights with respect to contract discrepancies, the types of support available, how and from whom to access them once in destination. Improvements to the support mechanisms migrants can access as well as strengthening migrant-led initiatives in destination countries to support labour migrants' in managing stressors are needed. These may contribute to reducing the experiences and impact of such stressors, which may ultimately lead to more successful migration outcomes. As labour migration from Nepal is likely to continue, government and CSOs need to ensure migrants have the support they need to cope with the challenges they may encountered along the way.

Do Labour Migrants Bring Well-Being to the Households? Revisit the Pathway from Neoclassical to Pluralism

Aim of this review is to review literature on the impact of international labour migration and remittances on household well-being and present a theoretical and a conceptual framework to facilitate empirical studies. Study found that, migration literature comprises diversified views which has been changed in different era with the changing socio-economic contexts of emigrating and immigrating countries. Present view, which is highly dominated by pluralists, provides theoretical foundation to link migration and remittances to household well-being. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks developed in this review provides a strong foundation for empirical analysis.

Impact of International Labour Migration of Nepal

Nepalese history has maintained long-term labour migration high intensity through 2014 and will continue. It was estimated that at least 7.3 percent of the total population would be engaged in longtermlabour migration in 2017 (compared to 6.3% at the time of survey). Long-term labourmigration is more likely to originate from rural areas (61%) than urban areas. It is clearly men-led with 93 per cent men and only 7 per cent women, and this gender imbalance will continue in the near future. Most long-term migrant workers originate from Central and Western Development Regions (67%) and are more likely to work in GCC countries and Other countries, while those from Mid-Western and Far-Western Development Regions migrate mostly to Asian countries, mainly India (continuing historical migration pattern towards this destination selected data generated from migrant workers’ and households’ surveys carried out within the Research and Policy Dialogue Initiative on Migration and Remittances in Nepal. The article aims to assist the Government of Nepal in developing evidence-based policies to connect effectively the link between migration and development.