Neo-liberal urbanism and sustainability in Turkey: commodification of nature in gated community marketing

The ecosystem services concept is a useful tool in environmental law, as it allows nature to be considered on the same plane of comparison as proposed development. However, the concept has received significant criticism, with many critics arguing that nature should be valued for its intrinsic worth. This article synthesises the ethical objections to the ecosystem services concept, distinguishing objections to the concept itself, and objections to the commodification of nature. It considers how the concept has been used in Australian environmental law to date, drawing on examples from the coastal wetland context. It concludes that most applications have not involved commodification, and have incorporated notions of intrinsic value. It concludes with some observations for future progress in this field, considering how the ecosystem services concept can be balanced with concerns for respecting the intrinsic value of nature.

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Normalized Heterotopia as a Market Failure in a Spatial Marketing System: The Case of Gated Communities in India

Journal of Macromarketing ◽

10.1177/0276146720957382 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 027614672095738

Author(s):

Himadri Roy Chaudhuri ◽

Sujit Raghunathrao Jagadale

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Market Failure ◽

Lower Class ◽

Gated Communities ◽

Spatial Inequality ◽

Gated Community ◽

Marketing System ◽

The West ◽

Marketing Systems ◽

Deliberate Strategy

This article explores the spatial marketing system in India. It highlights a case where market failure is institutionalized through the normalization of heterotopia in the consumption of gated communities (GCs). We build on the earlier work by Bargends and by Sandberg on spatial marketing systems to discuss the consumption of exclusive space. We find that the gated community leads to heterotopic relations, fantasized living and, the pursuit of identity through spatial purification. This research contributes to macromarketing research by offering three theoretical interpretations of our qualitative study of residents of a gated community in India. First, spatial inequality is found to be a defining process in this spatial marketing system. The creation of such disparities is a deliberate strategy by dominant consumers to ‘other’ the outsiders. This spatial segregation is seen as a market failure. Secondly, branded space emerges as a trope for decoupling with local lower class surroundings through a process of postcolonial mimesis. In the process of imitating the West, residents engage in self-captivity and voluntary seclusion to achieve spatial purification. Thirdly, we extend marketing systems theory by locating spatial purification-related processes and mechanisms at the heart of marketing systems formation and adaptive change.

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PRIORITIZING THE PHYSICAL SECURITY ELEMENTS OF GATED COMMUNITY HOUSING USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pmjournal.v16.i7.496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Zurinah Tahir ◽

Jalaluddin Abdul Malek

Keyword(s):

Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽

Gated Communities ◽

Housing Development ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Gated Community ◽

Physical Security ◽

The Future ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

Principal Elements

The concept of gated community housing is a feature of contemporary housing development. Housing developers promote this concept through an emphasis on security in gated housing. House owners today favour fenced-in residences, not only for their homes, but also for the entire housing development, including recreational areas and other facilities. The aim of this study is to prioritize the elements of physical security in a gated community housing development. The methodology employed a quantitative approach using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in ascertaining the weightage for each element deemed important in the planning of secure gated community housing, with focus on the elements of access, fencing, CCTV installation, lighting, guardhouse and landscape, which are the principal elements that serve to enforce security in the protected community. The results of this study showed that two principal elements, namely access to the property (entry/exit points) and protective fencing, were deemed the most important in providing security in gated community housing. Accordingly, these aspects should be accorded particular attention in the planning of gated communities in the future and be factored into the strategy to enhance security.Gated community housing and guarded neighbourhoods employing such a strategy would be quite effective in providing security to residents.

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Making and Unmaking Territories with Plants in the Riverine Peat Landscape of Central Kalimantan

Suomen Antropologi Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society ◽

10.30676/jfas.v46i1.99890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 15-37

Author(s):

Anu Lounela

Keyword(s):

Local People ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

Environmental Practices ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Rapid Changes ◽

Rapid Pace ◽

Commodification Of Nature ◽

Frontier Development

Central Kalimantan, located on the Indonesian side of Borneo, has often been described as a state frontier area where rapid changes take place in legal and administrative regimes and in the rules that govern access and ownership to land and nature. Today, frontier development includes state and non-state actors that bring natural resource projects aimed at producing long-term effects by engaging local people in the commodification of nature. Local people adopt and abandon these projects at a rapid pace due to changing conditions, policies, and natural hazards. I will explore commodification in terms of territorial projects and the spatial and temporal reordering of human-nature relations within the landscapes of Central Kalimantan. Linked to the territorial expansion of trees and plants, commodification challenges local environmental practices and forms of sociality. The paper argues that the commodification of nature and the territorial aspects of this bring new layers of complications and thus have unexpected effects on the lives of local populations. Keywords: frontier, commodification, plants, landscape, state-making, Kalimantan

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PLANNING OF PRIVATE GATED DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GATED VS NON-GATED NEIGHBOURHOODS, CITY OF GURUGRAM, INDIA

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pm.v17i10.643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Ajay Kaushik

Keyword(s):

Urban Landscape ◽

Spatial Configuration ◽

Space Syntax ◽

Gated Community ◽

Neighbourhood Environment ◽

Scholarly Literature ◽

The World ◽

Recent Trends ◽

The City

The cities are expanding rapidly all over the world. India has also experienced this phenomenon and has continued the pace of growth. The recent trends in spatial growth of the cities are a new phenomenon in Indian urban landscape. The cities in India are witnessing development with the help of private developers for the last couple of decades. Being private properties these are by nature of exercising control have gates and boundaries. In scholarly literature these are called as Gated Community/Gated Development. Authors have argued them from various perspectives of anthropology, law, management and sociology etc. but very little has been discussed about their planning and morphology. Although, the rise of Gated Development is majorly attributed to the sense of fear and need for security, yet architects and urban designers, and even sociologist stress upon other methods to make the neighbourhoods secured. Hence the security aspects are not made part of the research here. The aspects of how these gated development impacts the perception of neighbourhood by residents is not touched upon. The paper discusses the distinction between the gated and non-gated neighbourhoods and also how residents perceive their neighbourhoods at large. For explaining this phenomenon, three neighbourhoods in the city of Gurugram in Haryana state in India have been identified as case study. These are identified on the basis of different morphological images that are identified. Space syntax and space cognition through sketch mapping is used for the analysis of the three neighbourhoods. The paper suggest that the continuity and connectivity of any spatial configuration is of utmost importance to make neighbourhood environment worthy of living life more socially connected.

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