What has the COVID-19 pandemic taught us about academic book publishing so far? A view from North America

In mid-March 2020 a rash of emergency “lock-down” orders fromState governors confined millions of North American workers to their homes.Students suddenly needed to flip from classroom-based to remote instruction.Scholars in the humanities could no longer get to archives. Movementrestrictions cut off the opportunity to travel for fieldwork and conferenceattendance almost overnight. As publishers and librarians dealt with theravages of COVID-19 on their personal lives and relationships, they alsoembarked on a massive experiment in transforming access to scholarlyinformation. Rather than being a unique benefit only available to members of alibrary subscriber’s “gated community,” access to hundreds of thousands ofbooks and journal articles suddenly became free-to-read globally. That access,of course, had severe limitations. It was temporary (most programs expired atthe end of August 2020), only available to users with an internet connection,and far from comprehensive in its coverage. However, a massive experiment wasstill underway, and the results are proving transformative for publishers andlibraries. So, what did we learn about humanities scholarship and itspublication? This article explores some emerging themes.

Gated Community, Cluster, Sistem Keamanan 24 Jam: Menelusuri Bentuk Perumahan dari Sisi Pengembang

Bentuk perumahan berbenteng (gated community) telah banyak dikaji karena dianggap lebih banyak menimbulkan masalah daripada memberikan manfaat. Namun pada prakteknya, pengembang tetap membangun perumahan yang sejenis—bahkan dibuat sebagai cluster dengan skala yang lebih kecil dari sebelumnya. Artikel ini mengupas sudut pandang pengembang perumahan di kawasan pinggiran Kota Bandung dalam mengambil keputusan untuk membangun perumahan dengan bentuk yang serupa dengan gated community untuk menjadi dasar pengaturan bentuk perumahan. Berdasarkan wawancara diketahui bahwa selain analisis pasar, perizinan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam proses tersebut. Dalam perizinan, bentuk perumahan tidak diatur secara langsung. Aturan yang ada hanya mencantumkan besaran nilai tertentu yang masih perlu diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk dan melalui proses yang panjang. Pelibatan masyarakat sekitar perumahan dalam proses perizinan pun masih sangat terbatas, bahkan sering kali disalahgunakan demi kepentingan pengembang dan alasan ekonomi. Dalam artikel ini juga telah diungkap pemahaman aparat pemerintah terhadap perizinan yang mempengaruhi bentuk perumahan. Pada akhirnya, telah diidentifikasi beberapa celah potensial untuk mengarahkan pengembang supaya membangun perumahan yang memberikan lebih banyak manfaat bagi masyarakat luas.

Gated communities in Bahrain: historical and urban geographies

Residential gating is a notable element in cities worldwide, but notable gaps exist in studies of residential gating in smaller cities and the Global South. This article examines the historical and urban geographies of residential gating in the Arab Gulf, using a case study from Bahrain. This research adds new nuance to studies of gated communities by presenting a case study from a smaller city in the Global South and integrating observations and interviews. The results explain the reasons for gated community development in Bahrain and provide insight into gated communities’ built and social environments in Bahrain. The article concludes that in ordinary cities, understanding urban development in general, and gated developments in particular, demands attention to their spatiotemporal contexts. Attention to these contexts can provide new insights that contribute to efforts to interpret and theorise contemporary urbanisation processes.

The Condition of Security of Gated Communities under Private Governance: Findings from Residents’ Experiences and Opinions

<p>The number of gated communities is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although security has always been one of the most appealing features of gated communities, studies show that there is no significant difference in crime rates between gated communities and surrounding non-gated neighbourhoods. How safe are gated communities? How effective are the enhanced security measures of gated communities in preventing crime? Are residents responsible for the condition of security in gated communities? All these questions need to be addressed to improve the safety and security of residents of gated communities. The study aims to examine the condition of security of gated communities by drawing on the experiences and opinions of residents. It used a quantitative approach, with a descriptive methodology. Surveys were distributed to residents of seven sample gated communities in Auckland. Survey results were analysed by descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. In conclusion, the study found that the condition of security of Auckland gated communities is generally good as experienced and perceived by surveyed residents. ‘Security’ was regarded as one of the most significant factors for moving into a gated community. The majority of residents felt safe and secure both inside the property and within the community, and believed that their community was experiencing less crime than surrounding neighbourhoods. The study also found that the building manager, rather than the Owners’ Committee or the Body Corporate secretary, was identified as the most significant agent in the management of security related issues. The building manager was heavily relied by both residents and members of the Owners’ Committee. The study has presented basic findings about gated communities in the light of security and private governance. However, more research is needed to obtain sufficient data to discover the elements of successful crime prevention for gated communities.</p>

The Condition of Security of Gated Communities under Private Governance: Findings from Residents’ Experiences and Opinions

<p>The number of gated communities is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although security has always been one of the most appealing features of gated communities, studies show that there is no significant difference in crime rates between gated communities and surrounding non-gated neighbourhoods. How safe are gated communities? How effective are the enhanced security measures of gated communities in preventing crime? Are residents responsible for the condition of security in gated communities? All these questions need to be addressed to improve the safety and security of residents of gated communities. The study aims to examine the condition of security of gated communities by drawing on the experiences and opinions of residents. It used a quantitative approach, with a descriptive methodology. Surveys were distributed to residents of seven sample gated communities in Auckland. Survey results were analysed by descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. In conclusion, the study found that the condition of security of Auckland gated communities is generally good as experienced and perceived by surveyed residents. ‘Security’ was regarded as one of the most significant factors for moving into a gated community. The majority of residents felt safe and secure both inside the property and within the community, and believed that their community was experiencing less crime than surrounding neighbourhoods. The study also found that the building manager, rather than the Owners’ Committee or the Body Corporate secretary, was identified as the most significant agent in the management of security related issues. The building manager was heavily relied by both residents and members of the Owners’ Committee. The study has presented basic findings about gated communities in the light of security and private governance. However, more research is needed to obtain sufficient data to discover the elements of successful crime prevention for gated communities.</p>

Revisiting recent findings on gated communities and racial homogeneity

This paper seeks to determine the propensity of racial minorities to live in gated communities. A recent study by Plaut in this journal finds that nonwhites are more likely to live in gated communities than whites for both renters and homeowners. Such a finding would indicate a major change in housing patterns. I replicate and build upon her study by including multiple years of data, disaggregating the nonwhite variable into its important racial components, and then interacting race with specific housing type (multi-family units vs. single family units). I find that her potentially innovative results are statistical artifacts. For homeowners, the results generally indicate that nonwhite individuals are not more likely to own a home in a gated community, especially for single family detached units. At best, they are no more or no less likely than white residents to own a home in a gated community. Minority renters are sometimes more likely to indicate that they live in a gated community, but generally only for multi-family rental units. Differences between African American and Latino gating patterns are also discussed.

Soundscape Evaluation Comparison of Outdoor Activity Space Between Gated and Open Communities

In communities, outdoor activity space is utilized most often by older adults and children, and the soundscape is very important for its quality. For different community planning modes, such as gated and open communities, focus should be on different soundscape enhancement strategies for outdoor spaces. In this paper, typical samples of activity spaces in a gated community and in an open community were used. The comparison was conducted through soundscape evaluation including an analysis of the dominance of various sound sources, noise annoyance, and the perceptual dimensions of soundscape. The results showed that noise annoyance in the gated community was significantly lower than in the open community, although the noise level was of no significance between the two communities. The community planning mode moderated the relationships among the soundscape perception parameters between the gated and open communities. To reduce noise annoyance in the gated communities, each sound source should be considered; in open communities, traffic noise only should be considered. In a gated community, adding natural sounds to reduce noise annoyance may be a feasible intervention; in an open community, this is not necessary. Besides, there was no relationship between noise annoyance and Eventfulness in an open community, indicating that noise annoyance was insufficient to explain the complex sound environment of the community. China’s community planning will gradually shift from a gated community to an open community, making the soundscape of outdoor activity spaces likely to change dramatically in the future. The findings will help urban designers and managers to adopt targeted strategies to improve the soundscape and quality of life of community-dwelling older adults and children.

RUANG PUBLIK ADAPTIF PLUIT SEBAGAI RESPONS TERHADAP KESENJANGAN SOSIAL-EKONOMI DI KAWASAN PLUIT, JAKARTA UTARA

Gated communities in Jakarta had increased in numbers ever since the incident of 1998 riots. The Idea that was meant to create a better community carried out side-effects that highlighted the differences in terms of races and class. It led to a formation of a divided society where people would be less likely to interact with the other groups. The upper middle class chinese is one that has grown colder toward the larger society. This can be seen clearly in how the height of fences in local houses has kept increasing up until now. They rarely use public spaces where people from different backgrounds are present. And as long as public buildings come as an intervention from the outside world, this group will remain untouched. The Adaptive Public Space in Pluit is based on an idea called "Living Architecture" that thinks of architecture not as a final product. Rather, it embraces the possible architectural changes that could happen as a means of adapting in respose to future changes. Though both the idea and the building comes as an intervention, its sustainability fully depends on the contribution of the locals. Participatory design method is applied not in the pre-construction phase, but instead, in the process of maintaining the continuity of this project. It is a place where those who live in abundance materially can donate anything they want to those in need around them, solving issues caused by the social gap through a small scale project. This is a project in which people are asked to be a participant and not just a guest. Keywords: change; contribution; donate; gated community; social gap Abstrak Sejak kerusuhan 1998, komunitas berpagar telah tumbuh signifikan dalam hal jumlah di Jakarta. Ide yang awalnya ditujukan untuk menyediakan lingkungan yang lebih aman justru semakin menegaskan perbedaan yang ada dalam hal etnis maupun kemampuan ekonomi. Hal ini menyebabkan masyarakat semakin terbagi dan tidak terbiasa berinteraksi dengan kelompok yang berbeda. Etnis Tionghoa menengah atas adalah salah satu yang semakin menutup diri dari lingkungan sekitarnya. Hal ini terlihat jelas pada semakin tingginya pagar rumah dan intensitas penggunaan ruang publik bersama oleh kelompok ini sangat rendah. Dalam menghadapi hal ini, pembangunan ruang publik belum dapat menjawab persoalan yang ada karena masih berupa intervensi langsung dari pihak luar. Berangkat dari tema arsitektur yang hidup, Ruang Publik Adaptif Pluit hadir bukan sebagai produk akhir arsitektur tetapi awal dari upaya adaptasi sebuah produk arsitektur terhadap lingkungan saat ini dan perubahan yang akan datang. Program dan bangunan yang ada merupakan bentuk intervensi dari dunia arsitektur namun keberlangsungannya bergantung penuh pada peran warga lokal dalam keseharian mereka. Dalam hal ini metode perancangan partisipatori diterapkan bukan dalam perancangan tetapi dalam kelanjutannya. Sebagai tempat di mana kelompok menengah atas bisa mendonasikan dari kelebihan mereka kepada yang membutuhkan, ketegangan akibat kesenjangan sosial diharapkan dapat diselesaikan dari skala terkecil. Ruang publik yang memberikan ruang bagi penggunanya untuk menjadi partisipan dan bukan sekedar tamu.

Confronting the gated community: Towards a decolonial critique of violence beyond the paradigm of war

This article investigates the works of Dussel, Maldonado-Torres, and Mbembe as representatives of a tendency in the field of decolonial thought to assume the templates of warfare and the camp as the archetypal registers of violence in the contemporary world. Identifying this focus as the remnant of a Eurocentric vocabulary (the paradigm of war), the article proposes a shift from the language of warfare predominant in the field to a language of welfare. The article turns to the gated community (GC), instead of the camp, and the imperatives of (re)creation, instead of the logics of elimination, as new templates with which to make sense of modern/colonial violence. Moving beyond militaristic imagery, the analysis shows a form of violence that emerges as a response to the endless search for a life of convenience inside the walls of the GC. To this end, the article advances the concept of the dialect of disarrangement, the enforced but uneasy encounter between two subjectivities that inhabit the GC: the patrons (the homeowners who consume the easy life) and servants (the racialised service staff). In the GC, violence emerges in attempts to respond to this (in)convenient encounter via misrepresentations of both patrons and servants as out of their place.