Normalized Heterotopia as a Market Failure in a Spatial Marketing System: The Case of Gated Communities in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 027614672095738
Author(s):  
Himadri Roy Chaudhuri ◽  
Sujit Raghunathrao Jagadale
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
The West ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Deliberate Strategy

This article explores the spatial marketing system in India. It highlights a case where market failure is institutionalized through the normalization of heterotopia in the consumption of gated communities (GCs). We build on the earlier work by Bargends and by Sandberg on spatial marketing systems to discuss the consumption of exclusive space. We find that the gated community leads to heterotopic relations, fantasized living and, the pursuit of identity through spatial purification. This research contributes to macromarketing research by offering three theoretical interpretations of our qualitative study of residents of a gated community in India. First, spatial inequality is found to be a defining process in this spatial marketing system. The creation of such disparities is a deliberate strategy by dominant consumers to ‘other’ the outsiders. This spatial segregation is seen as a market failure. Secondly, branded space emerges as a trope for decoupling with local lower class surroundings through a process of postcolonial mimesis. In the process of imitating the West, residents engage in self-captivity and voluntary seclusion to achieve spatial purification. Thirdly, we extend marketing systems theory by locating spatial purification-related processes and mechanisms at the heart of marketing systems formation and adaptive change.

scholarly journals PRIORITIZING THE PHYSICAL SECURITY ELEMENTS OF GATED COMMUNITY HOUSING USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zurinah Tahir ◽  
Jalaluddin Abdul Malek
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Principal Elements

The concept of gated community housing is a feature of contemporary housing development. Housing developers promote this concept through an emphasis on security in gated housing. House owners today favour fenced-in residences, not only for their homes, but also for the entire housing development, including recreational areas and other facilities. The aim of this study is to prioritize the elements of physical security in a gated community housing development. The methodology employed a quantitative approach using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in ascertaining the weightage for each element deemed important in the planning of secure gated community housing, with focus on the elements of access, fencing, CCTV installation, lighting, guardhouse and landscape, which are the principal elements that serve to enforce security in the protected community. The results of this study showed that two principal elements, namely access to the property (entry/exit points) and protective fencing, were deemed the most important in providing security in gated community housing. Accordingly, these aspects should be accorded particular attention in the planning of gated communities in the future and be factored into the strategy to enhance security.Gated community housing and guarded neighbourhoods employing such a strategy would be quite effective in providing security to residents.

scholarly journals In Praise of Irrationality: Self, "East" and "West" in Greek Teachers' Speeches on National Day Commemorations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucianna Benincasa
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Social Creativity ◽  
East And West

In this qualitative study of school discourse on national day commemorations, focus is on the "social creativity strategies" through which group members can improve their social identity. Discourse analysis was carried out on thirty-nine teachers' speeches delivered in Greek schools between 1998 and 2004. The speakers scorn rationality and logic, stereotypically attributed to "the West" (a "West" which is perceived not to include Greece), as cold and not human. The Greeks' successful national struggles are presented instead as the result of irrationality. They claim irrationality to be the most human and thus the most valuable quality, which places Greece first in the world hierarchy. The results are further discussed in terms of their implications for learning and teaching in the classroom, as well as for policy and research.

scholarly journals The Paradoxical Use of the Term Sulh: An Analytical Study from Quranic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiqul Hoque ◽  
Muhammad Mustaqim Mohd Zarif
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Sides

Dispute resolution systems are broadly divided into two sides namely Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDRS) and Non-Judicial Dispute Resolution Systems (NJDRS). The first one is more formal, and the latter is informal which is known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) all over the world. Though ADR is claimed to be a great innovation of the West, it is found to be practiced in the Islamic Judicial System from its very inception. ADR was practiced throughout the history of Islamic Judiciary as sulh. However, the use of the word sulh in the meaning of ADR needs to be explained in the present judicial context. Scholars sometimes discussed sulh as a system parallel to ADR and sometimes as a process, which creates confusion in its multiuse. Hence, this study aims at eliminating this confusion on the paradoxical use of the term sulh as a system for dispute resolution as well as a process of that system. At present, hardly any study has precisely differentiated between them. Thus, this qualitative study focuses on discussing it primarily from the perspectives of the Quran, documented sources as well as interviews. The major finding of this study is that sulh, comparing with present day ADR, does not need to be used paradoxically. The main contribution of the study is to propose a clarification of sulh in the line of ADR fruitfully. The findings of this study are not only useful in clarifying the exact meanings of the term as used in different contexts but also applicable to solve problems faced by arbitrators involved in various indigenous traditional dispute resolution systems such as shalish in Bangladesh and elsewhere.

The cooperative-collective sharing arrangement of gated communities in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Zaireen Zainudin ◽  
Khadijah Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discover the operational character of gated communities in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a small case study conducted in Iskandar Malaysia, an economic development region located in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. In the case study, 12 housing developers were interviewed, involving 32 gated communities altogether. The investigation covered the identification of the governing document used in operating a gated community, the operational purposes and scopes, the arrangement for collection of maintenance fee, and the internal governance within the gated communities. Findings – From the analysis, it was found that two types of gated communities exist in the case study areas, namely the strata gated community scheme, and the gated community scheme (GACOS). The operational mechanism for the former is through a set of rules enforced by the government. Meanwhile, the latter is based on the arrangement set up either by the developer, where legal agreement is applicable, or through the consensus among homeowners. However, despite these differences, both mechanisms share the same intention, that is to operate the gated community based on cooperative-collective sharing arrangement. Research limitations/implications – Despite the vulnerability of GACOS enclosure components, the case study revealed that the number of GACOS is still bigger than the strata gated community scheme. Since this perspective is lacking in this paper, it is suggested that more studies are conducted to explain the reasons behind the indicated phenomenon. Originality/value – The most important contribution of the paper is to highlight the importance of gating experience that is heavily influenced by the local policy setting to determine the survival of a gated community; thus, demonstrating how different they are from each other.

Experience of Stress and Coping Strategies among Pastors’ Wives in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Chan ◽  
Miranda Wong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Financial Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
The West ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
And Coping

A qualitative study was conducted to examine the experience of stress and coping strategies among 15 pastors’ wives from a city in mainland China. Results indicated that nearly all interviewees experienced financial stress and loneliness, a phenomenon consistent with that seen in literature in the West. However, stress arising from role expectations among the spouses’ congregations was low. Most interviewees coped with stress through family and social support, as well as through praying.

From Slum to Ghetto: Social Deprivation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
The West ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Black Area ◽  
Almost All

There were signs of the formation of a massive zone of social deprivation in Kingston—notably in West Kingston, dating from the West India Royal Commission Report (1945) and the Denham Town redevelopment project of the late 1930s (Central Housing Advisory Board, 1936; Stolberg 1990), via the Report on the Rastafari movement in the early 1960s (Smith, Augier, and Nettleford, 1960) and an early paper by Clarke (1966), to the research of Clarke (1975a, b) and Eyre (1986a, b) in the 1970s and 1980s. Kingston’s late-colonial slums were redesignated the ghetto after 1970 (Eyre 1986a, b). More precisely, the ghetto had its origins in the recognized slum areas of West Kingston of 1935 (Clarke, 1975a: fig. 25), in the areas in poor condition in 1947 (Fig. 1.9), the areas of poor housing in 1960 (Fig. 1.10), and the overcrowded areas of 1960 (Clarke 1975a: fig. 48). Clearly, the slum/ghetto is associated with deprivation, and with high population density in relation to low social class and poor quality (usually rented) accommodation. What is peculiar about the present-day Kingston ghetto is that it is a predominantly black area (more than 92 per cent), in a city where the black population is 88 per cent of the total (Ch. 4). So, while the ghetto conforms to Ward’s definition (1982) in that it is racially homogeneous (almost all the remainder of its population is mulatto), it is defined as much by the deprivation of its occupants—and their high-density dwelling—as by its exclusive racial characteristics. Moreover, it has not expanded by flight from white residential heartlands on its periphery, as in the case of Morrill’s (1965) US ghetto model. Indeed the middle-class mulatto districts on its northern periphery in Kingston have retained their class status (while becoming noticeably darker) over the last thirty years, and the ghetto has spread into areas that were either vacant (in the west) or have become decayed (in the east) (Knight and Davies 1978). Whereas in 1970, the slum/ ghetto was largely West Kingston, it now extends to East Kingston as well, and the major spatial distinction is between uptown (which is largely upper or middle class) and downtown (which is lower class and houses the core of the ghetto). The precise point of division is often given as the clock at Half Way Tree, hence the terms living above or below the clock (Robotham 2003b).

Child Abuse in the West Bank: Lessons Learnt from a Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
Yoke Rabaia ◽  
Margaret A. Lynch ◽  
Rita Giacaman
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Lessons Learnt

scholarly journals Learning from the transfer of a fellowship programme to support primary care workforce needs in the UK: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Bryce ◽  
Rachel Russell ◽  
Jeremy Dale
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesService redesign, including workforce development, is being championed by UK health service policy. It is allowing new opportunities to enhance the roles of staff and encourage multiprofessional portfolio working. New models of working are emerging, but there has been little research into how innovative programmes are transferred to and taken up by different areas. This study investigates the transferability of a 1-year post-Certification of Completion of Training fellowship in urgent and acute care from a pilot in the West Midlands region of England to London and the South East.DesignA qualitative study using semistructured interviews supplemented by observational data of fellows’ clinical and academic activities. Data were analysed using a thematic framework approach.Setting and participantsTwo cohorts of fellows (15 in total) along with key stakeholders, mentors, tutors and host organisations in London and the South East (LaSE). Fellows had placements in primary and secondary care settings (general practice, emergency department, ambulatory care, urgent care and rapid response teams), together with academic training.ResultsSeventy-six interviews were completed with 50 participants, with observations in eight clinical placements and two academic sessions. The overall structure of the West Midlands programme was retained and the core learning outcomes adopted in LaSE. Three fundamental adaptations were evident: broadening the programme to include multiprofessional fellows, changes to the funding model and the impact that had on clinical placements. These were felt to be key to its adoption and longer-term sustainability.ConclusionThe evaluation demonstrates a model of training that is adaptable and transferable between National Health Service regions, taking account of changing national and regional circumstances, and has the potential to be rolled out widely.

Designing Ecolabels In Order To Mitigate Market Failures

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douadia Bougherara ◽  
Gilles Grolleau
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Cognitive Support

For the market for ecofriendly characteristics of agrofood products to function effectively, means of mitigating asymmetric information, informational overload and public goods properties are necessary. Ecolabel success requires a design and an implementation capable of mitigating simultaneously these three sources of market failures. Our contribution differs from many to date by (1) introducing and analyzing the informational overload as a source of market failure and (2) considering the ecolabel, not only as a tool to re-establish information symmetry between the producer and consumer but also as a way to overcome informational overload and public goods problems. We analyze how these sources of market failures may be mitigated by providing information perceived as trustworthy, tying credence and public attributes to verifiable and private attributes and designing the ecolabel as a cognitive support for consumers. We provide an exploratory qualitative study of several French ecolabels to stress how they more or less succeed in attenuating the identified sources of market failures. Several implications for policymakers and managers are stressed. We conclude by suggesting several issues requiring further investigations. JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D21, L15

scholarly journals Towards a Theory of Marketing Systems as the Public Good

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djavlonbek Kadirov
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Justice Motive ◽  
Marketing Systems

The Marketing-Systems-as-the-Public-Good framework proposed in this article outlines the general principles of interpreting change in marketing systems. The framework advances a view of purposeful temporal change based on collective practices that a) identify, develop and maintain key common resources; b) initiate public-private asset transitions; c) facilitate contributory participation of market actors in marketing system processes; and d) perpetuate attenuating mechanisms. These processes construct the system as the public good with non-excludable and non-subtractable (dis)benefits. The drive for further change arises when the system’s overarching structures infuse value creation practices with macromotive-based meaningfulness (e.g. the justice motive) which differentially resonates in market actors’ lived experiences, who through ongoing localized socio-political discourses and contestation undertake to correct perceived justice digressions. The case of the historical evolution of the Uzbek Bozor Marketing System illustrates the key elements of the proposed framework.

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